현대 사회는 교사의 권위에 대한 많은 질문이 생기는 시대이다. 이러한 때에 루터의 직업윤리는 이러한 질문에 대한 답이 될 수 있을 것이다. 루터의 직업 윤리는 종교개혁의 위대한 결실이다. 그의 직업윤리는 중세의 이원론적 직업윤리를 배경으로 할 때에 잘 파악된다. 그는 구원, 목회직, 가족관계, 직업, 교회의 직분, 특별한 사명, 일상과 관련하여 7가지 의미의 “소명” 개념을 사용하였다. 1520년의 작품들에서 루터 의 직업소명론은 인간을 소외시키지 않고 오히려 인간의 삶과 직업에 더 큰 가치를 부여한다. 모든 일을 하나님과 이웃을 섬기는 일로 보기 때문이다. 디모데전서 3:13에 대한 주석(1527/28)을 보면, 영적 소명 과 외적 소명이 같은 자리를 차지하는데 그것은 후자가 전자보다 상위 자리를 차지해서가 아니라 두 소명 모두 그리스도를 기쁘게 섬기는 일이 되기 때문이다. 1530년대 창세기 주석에서 루터는 신자들이 감사하 면서 자신의 직업에 충실할 것을 권면한다. 여기서 루터의 의도는 바람직한 기독교인의 삶의 자세를 제시 하려는 것이지, 직업을 바꿔서는 절대 안 된다는 것이 아니다. 루터는 교육을 하나님께의 봉사를 위한 도 구로 보았다. 그는 신 앞에서는 모든 인간이 평등하며 그렇기 때문에 모든 사람이 교육의 대상이 되어야 한다고 하였다. 루터의 이러한 사상들이 오늘날 교사들에게 새로운 기준을 제시하여 그 사명감을 고취하 는데 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 본다.

The purpose of this research is to study suitability of a sweeper as a new occupation fitting to the character of the people with the mental retardation. Analysis of job which is necessary to perform the sweeper has been conducted. This research also studied the suitability of the occupation to the individuals with different impairments of physical, sensory function, cognitive function and emotional behavior based on the study of 5 individual participants. Conclusion is as follows. 1. The office building maintenance(sweeper) is an occupation which demands muscular strength of gross motor. Visual perception about a space and an object is mainly needed and the most important facts in the cognitive function are an idea of time, sequence, direction, topographic orientation, & memory. 2. Based on analysis of 5 different individuals who have different functional impairments shows that deteriorated muscular strength (compare to non-disabled person) didn’t affect the job. On the contrary, visual perception and emotional behavior problems are two biggest challenges to the occupation. 3. Not requiring dexterity of hands movement as in the manufacturing industry and broad acting radius, those two facts made a sweeper a suitable occupation for the people with mental retardation who lack dexterity in acting and concentration. Based on the research, a sweeper is a suitable occupation fitting to the character of the people with mental retarcation and it is therefore need to generalize the result of the research by conducting a follow-up research with more participants.

We have implemented the questionnaire survey to study the structure of consciousness of collegian and the Change of the worth view of the vocation on totally 832 collegians who attended to fisheries and martime colleges. The results were as follows : Most collegian had selected college and department by means of surrounding recommendation and acquired scores without regarding his own aptitude and prospect. The educational aims of the collegian who majored in fisheries and maritime field are to carry out the theory and practise along with emphasizing technical education and human-being education together. Concerning to the status of professor. Most collegian had wanted professor not only who had much comprehensive faculty but also who pointed out than well teaching professor. The collegian who consult their prospect with professor was very rare and they were very negative for the learning majoring in fisheries and maritime field. Because the practice guidance was not accomplished effectively on the account of social aspect, most collegian has avoided jobs relating to fisheries and maritime field. Also, they had selected short term on the job training couse aboard the ship.