본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 추풍령 기상관측소에서 연직바람관측장비와 레윈존데 간 풍속 자료의 유효화를 통 해 연직바람관측장비의 운영 프로그램인 PCL 1300 내 일관성 검사와 관련된 매개변수를 최적화하는 것이다. 그런 다음 2009년 3월부터 2010년 2월까지 맑은 날과 강수 발생일에 대한 난류 에너지 감소률의 특성(ε )을 분석하는 것이다. 2010년 4월 22일부터 4월 23일까지 레윈존데와 연직바람관측장비의 바람 관측 자료를 비교한 결과, 동서(u) 성분과 남 북(v) 성분의 바람에서 고도 3,000 m 이후에서 10 ms−1 이상의 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 두 기기 사이 u 성분과 v 성분의 바람에 대한 풍속 차가 10 ms−1를 넘는 경우를 제외할 경우 두 바람 성분에 대한 상관계수는 각각 0.92와 0.88이었고, 제곱근 평균 오차는 각각 3.07 ms−1과 1.06 ms−1이었다. 이들 결과에 준하여 PCL1300 프로그램의 자료 처리 시간을 30 분으로 조정하고, 최소 이용 자료는 전체의 60%로 조정할 경우가 비교적 작은 편의를 나타내었다. 한편 PCL1300 운영 프로그램에서 u, v 성분의 일관성 검사에 대한 민감도 분석 결과, 시선속도 일관성, 동시성, 풍속 일관성 검사에서 u 성 분에 대해서는 과소평가 되었고, 반면 v 성분에 대해서는 과대평가 되었다. 최종적으로 PCL1300 운영 프로그램의 최적 화를 통해 맑은 날과 강수 발생일의 난류 에너지 감소률(ε )을 분석한 결과, 각 고도에서 ε의 일별 및 계절별 평균은 강수 발생일이 맑은 날에 비해 높게 나타났는데, 이는 상승하강 기류에 따른 연직속도가 증가하였기 때문이다. 그리고 맑은 날과 강수 발생일 모두 계절별 ε 평균은 겨울이 낮게 나타났는데, 이는 겨울이 다른 계절에 비해 수평 풍속이 강 했기 때문이다. 결과적으로 연직속도가 ±10 cm s−1 이상에 해당하는 맑은 날과 강수 발생일의 ε 값을 제외할 경우 강수 발생일은 맑은 날에 비해 약 6-7배 ε이 높게 나타났으며, 연직속도를 모두 고려할 경우는 약 4-5배 더 높게 나타났다.

A minimum threshold for the signal to noise ratio (SNRmin) has to be set in the data processing system of wind profiler radar (WPR). The data collection rate and the accuracy of the WPR wind vector depend on the SNRmin. The WPR at Uljin is operated with an SNRmin of 1 dB which is a relatively large threshold. We found that the accuracy and the continuity of the WPR wind vector with height were directly related to the variability of the SNR and vertical gradient of the squared refractive index. We investigated a quantitative method for determining a new SNRmin for the WPR at Uljin and it was evaluated with radiosonde data. The accuracy and continuity of the wind vector from an SNR of less than 1 dB, began to decrease at an altitude of 3.5 km. Most of the SNR values were less than –3.5 dB in altitudes higher than 3.5 km. We retrieved high-accuracy wind vectors at altitudes over 3 km where measurements were deficient with an SNRmin of 1 dB.

Ground echo is radar return from stationary targets such as buildings and trees. Wind vectors from the wind profile radar in Gangneung are affected by ground echoes due to the complex mountainous terrain located to the west and the south. These ground echoes make a spurious peak close to the direct current (DC) line signal in Doppler spectra. Wind vectors polluted by ground clutters were determined from spectra of oblique beams. After eliminated the terrain echoes, the accuracy of wind vector compared with radiosonde was improved about 68.4% and its relative coefficient was increased from 0.58 to 0.97.

Wind profiler provides vertical profiles of three-dimensional wind vectors with high spatiotemporal resolution. The wind vectors is useful to analyze severe weather phenomena and to validate the various products from numerical weather prediction model. However, the wind measurements are not immune to ground clutter, bird, insect, and aircraft. Therefore, quality of wind vectors from wind profiler must be quantitatively evaluated prior to its application. In this study, wind vectors from UHF wind profiler at Ganwon Regional Meteorological Administration was quantitatively evaluated using 27 radiosonde measurements that were launched every two or three hours according to rainfall intensity during Intensive Observation Period (IOP) from June to July 2013. In comparison between two measurements, wind vectors from wind profiler was relatively underestimated. In addition, the accuracy and quality of wind vectors from wind profiler decrease with increasing beam height. The accuracy and quality of the wind vectors for rainy periods during IOP were higher than for the clear-air measurements. The moderate rainfall intensity lead to multi-peaks in Doppler spectrum. It results in overestimation of vertical air motion, whereas wind vectors from wind profilers shows good agreement with those from radiosonde measurements for light rainfall intensity.

The effects of high-resolution wind profiler (HWP) data on the wind distributions were evaluated in two different coastal areas during the study period (23-26 August, 2007), indicating weak-gradient flows. The analysis was performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with a three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation system. For the comparison purpose, two coastal regions were selected as: a southwestern coastal (SWC) region characterized by a complex shoreline and a eastern coastal (EC) region surrounding a simple coastline and high mountains. The influence of data assimilation using the HWP data on the wind distributions in the SWC region was moderately higher than that of the EC region. In comparison between the wind speed and direction in the two coastal areas, the application of the HWP data contributed to improvement of the wind direction distribution in the SWC region and the wind strength in the EC region, respectively. This study suggests that the application of the HWP data exerts a large impact on the change in wind distributions over the sea and thus can contribute to the solution to lack of satellite and buoy data with their observational uncertainty.