This scholarly investigation delves into the legal complexities arising from the People’s Republic of China’s high-altitude balloons entering US airspace. By analyzing landmark cases, such as the Lockerbie incident, this study emphasizes the urgent need for clear liability norms in international airspace. The 2023 Montana Incursion served to clarify the self-defense and proportionality principles under international law. This study examines the nature of these balloons to determine whether they fall under international accords such as the Chicago Convention. It also explores military classifications and legal ambiguities surrounding non-combatant operators in armed conflicts. This paper identifies gaps in the principles of privacy and ethics concerning intelligence gathering within sovereign boundaries. It advocates for new multilateral treaties with geofencing standards to regulate high-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles. This author aims to fortify legal frameworks based on technological advances.

Recently the Marangoni convention is supposed to be an important phenomenon that significantly affects the solidification. For understanding the Marangoni convection mechanism, visualizing the convention phenomenon of molten tin with ultrasonic has been conducted. This paper reports developing a tracer material of micro metal balloon that is used in the molten system. We have succeeded in coating the surface of Shirasu-ballons with nickel by plating process. The obtained metal balloon is spherical and some characterizations were conducted.

To evaluate the outcome, clinical efficacy and safety of endometrial heat balloons therapy by Thermachoice® for the treatment of heavy menstruation. From June 2004 to December 2014, a total of 120 women who visited to Chosun University Hospital had their charts and telephones reviewed for demographics, procedure data, clinical history, and follow up. The mean age was 43.5±4.7 years old. A decrease in days per cycle (7.5±2.1 vs 5.6±2.4 days, p<0.001), and in pads per day (9.1±2.5 vs 5.5±3.4 pads/d, p<0.001) and an increase in hematocrit (%, mean±SD) (7.1±0.6)/ hemoglobin (g/dL, mean±SD) (7.1±0.6 / 28.7±2.3 vs 11.5±1.4 / 35.9±4.1, p<0.001) and an improvement in self-reported quality of life scores (limitation of life: 7.4±2.3 vs 2.4±1.5, p<0.0001, discomfort score: 1.8±1.4 vs 0.7±1.2, p<0.001) were observed after endometrial heat balloons therapy. No major complications or deaths were found. Assessment of the level of satisfaction showed that 86% of patients were satisfied with the procedure. The prognostic factors of endometrial heat balloons therapy were age, parity, uterine pressure and depth, position. But age and uterine pressure had no significant difference statistically. Endometrial heat balloons therapy by Thermachoice® is a safe and efficient method to treat of heavy menstruation. It reduces the menstrual flow, improves the quality of life, and remarkably satisfies patients with a desire to preserve a uterus