Numerous studies have been performed on the nutritional properties and health benefits of rice bran. However no previous reports have investigated rice bran-derived products as a biomaterial for bone formation. Thus, the aim of this study was fabricate composite filaments by combining the agricultural by-product rice bran and polycaprolactone (PCL), which has high biodegradability. It is suggest a possibility as a high value-added biomaterial capable of utilizing 3D printing. First, In order to investigate the optimal ratio of rice bran and PCL, the mixing ratios were set to 0%, 10%, 20%, 50% respectively, and the mixed filaments were defined as r-PCL filaments. The r-PCL filament was analyzed by FE-SEM and EDX for morphological characteristics and mechanical characteristics were analyzed by stress-strain, water contact angle, cytotoxicity test. Our findings confirm the possibility of manufacture environmentally friendly composite bio-filaments for FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) based 3D printing technology. Thus, we could establish biomimetic scaffolds based on bio-printer filaments mixed with agricultural by-product.