To prove the long-term safety of deep geological repository, the safety assessment is needed to ensure that the expected performance of repository satisfies the regulatory standards. Scenario development is process of analyzing events and evolutions that can directly or indirectly affect the performance of a disposal system and is a pre-step for quantitative safety assessment. Scenarios are used to identify and define cases to be assessed by numerical modeling, and cases are mainly divided into normal (also called the ‘reference’ and ‘expected evolution’) and abnormal scenarios. Mainly two approaches have been used to set up scenarios. One is a bottom-up approach that starts with features, events and processes (FEPs). This approach can analyze the evolution and events related to the performance of the disposal system in an inductive manner. The other is top-down approach that analyzes the events and evolution of disposal system, focusing on situations that may affect the safety function of the components. This approach starts with a set of intuitively predefined expected failures of safety function. Combining the two approaches is more effective in demonstrating comprehensiveness which is a main challenge of scenario analysis, and almost national radioactive waste management institutions combine top-down and bottom-up approaches for development of scenarios. An approach combining the two approaches is called a hybrid approach, and the detailed method differs from each institution and has not been determined. In this study, some work for constructing the scenario using hybrid approach was performed. Firstly, defining each component’s safety function and screening FEPs according to several rules were performed for a generic repository. Secondly, we extracted performance factors that are considered likely to affect safety functions. And lastly, we integrated FEPs correlated with performance factor to simplify the analysis. These results will be material to construct the scenario using hybrid approach.

이 연구는 상향식 교육과정 평가 모형을 개발하고 이를 적용하기 위한 협력적 실행 연구이다. 중앙 집중적인 교육과정 개발 체제를 따르는 우리나라의 상황을 고려해 볼 때, 교사는 교육과정 실행의 주체임에도 불구하고 국가 교육과정을 평가하고 이에 대한 개선 의견을 제안할 수 있는 공식적인 기회를 갖기 어려운 형편이었다. 이와 같은 문제의식에서 출발하여, 이 연구는 단위 학교 에서 현행 국가 교육과정을 평가하고자 할 때 적용할 수 있는 모형을 개발하고 이를 적용하였다. 연구자-참여자 간 협력을 통해 개발된 교육과정 평가 모형을 적용한 결과, 단위 학교에서 이루어지는 국가 교육과정 평가는 교사들이 국가 교육과정에 대한 이해와 참여의 필요성을 인식하는 계기를 제공하였고, 현장에 기반을 둔 유의미한 개선 의견을 도출하는 기회가 되었으며, 교육과정 제안자로서 국가 교육과정에 대한 ‘주인-되기’의 역동을 형성하는 과정임을 확인할 수 있었다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로, 이 글은 상향식 교육과정 평가 모형이 지속・확산되기 위한 향후 개선 과제를 제안하였다.

Although the bottom-up rural area development project was conceived with great expectations, the general evaluation of the project so far reveals that it does not significantly differ from projects carried out in a top-down manner. This paper examines the nature of the bottom-up rural area development project with a focus on its background, including the roles of authority and project participants. Results revealed that the project was designed to be implemented in line with the state affairs ideology of the leader in a negative position of bureaucratic society. Though the form of implementation for the project seemed bottom-up as seen in the process of the roles and authorities in supporting organizations the top-down method of implementation can be seen in the authorities and roles of the central government. It was also noticed that the private sector, designed to elicit participation of various experts, looked to be managed and controlled by public organizations. The abovementioned signifies that the Korea rural area development project has been implemented not in a bottom-up manner but rather in an ever-strong top-down manner, which means that the central government holds more responsibility for the project's results, evaluation, and discussions. Furthermore, as seen in the background of the project, policies have been implemented in a top-down manner without the confidence of the bureaucratic society. Therefore, in order to implement a proper bottom-up rural area development project, there is a need for the bureaucratic society to have confidence in the rural societies.