In this work, ultra-fine calcium oxide (CaO) powder derived from eggshells is used as the starting material to synthesize mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). The prepared CaO powder is confirmed to have an average particle size of 500 nm. MTAs are synthesized with three types of fine CaO-based powders, namely, tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalcium silicate (C2S), and tricalcium aluminate (C3A). The synthesis behavior of C3S, C2S and C3A with ultra-fine CaO powder and the effects of C3A content and curing time on the properties of MTA are investigated. The characteristics of the synthesized MTA powders are examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and a universal testing machine (UTM). The microstructure and compressive strength characteristics of the synthesized MTA powders are strongly dependent on the C3A wt.% and curing time. Furthermore, MTA with 5 wt.% C3A is found to increase the compressive strength and shorten the curing time.

An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of cooling water treatment with ionized calcium on calcium content, extending the shelf-life and quality of fresh chicken meat in poultry slaughtering process. The subjects were divided into four groups: control (0% without ionized calcium) and treatment groups (0.5, 0.7, 0.9% ionized calcium). The results indicated that the cooling water treatment with ionized calcium exhibited the bacterial counts of 105 CFU/cm2 in surface of chicken meat, and maintained the quality of fresh chicken meat with extending the shelf-life above seven days when compared with that of control group. The results found that the cooling water treatment with ionized calcium could produce the calcium enrichment of chicken meat as nine times higher in calcium content of chicken meat when compared with that of control group. pH, water holding capacity, TBARS (MDA mg/kg) in chicken meat via the cooling water treatment with ionized calcium showed 6.4, above 50, below 0.10, respectively, with preventing the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. Lightness (L*) as a chicken meat color, shear force indicated above 60, below 1.70 kg/0.5 inch2, respectively.

Mineral filler is used for resin compounds, because it increases the stiffness and thermal stability of a resin compound, and it also cuts down the cost. Calcium carbonate, silica, magnesium oxide, and others are used as filler materials in general, and the type of filler material, the size, and content can affect the physical properties of compounds. Those factors also influence the viscosity of resin mixtures and the workability, and should be adjusted by changing the contents of the filler, which depends on the size. In this study, five kinds of ground calcium carbonate, which were different in size, were used to produce polyester compounds ; the physical properties were compared with the filler size and contents. The mechanical properties were measured by bending strength and tensile strength, and the heat deflection temperature was obtained for thermal stability.