본 논문은 중국 불교 오신채 규정 성립의 혼란과 정립과정을, 마늘, 파, 부추, 염교 등 4가지 백합과 훈채와 중국에 존재하지 않았던 훈채인 흥거를 통해 고찰하려는 작업이다. 인도 오신채와 중국 오신채 항목은 마 늘과 파를 제외한 훈채명이 일치하지 않으며 불일치하는 훈채명의 정립 은 중국 농업사에서 4가지 백합과 훈채의 성립과 관계되어 있다. 중국에 서 번역되거나 중국에서 찬술된 훈채 관련 경전인 능가경과 범망경 은 5세기경에 중국에서 번역되거나 찬술되는데 이 시기에 중국 농업사에 서는 마늘, 파, 부추, 염교의 4가지 백합과 훈채가 농업상 정착되어 있었 다. 중국 훈채 관련 경전에서 가장 먼저 언급되는 마늘[大蒜]은 전한시기 장건의 서역 사행을 통해 중국에 전래되면서 중국 토종인 소산(小蒜)을 누르고 마늘을 대표하는 훈채로 정립된다. 또한 염교[薤]는 중국 자생종 식물로서 인도에는 없는 훈채이나 중국 불교문헌의 백합과 4가지 훈채로 자리잡는다. 오신채 중 주로 마지막에 언급되는 흥거(興渠)는 중국에 없었던 식물 인 관계로, 중국불교문헌에서 많은 혼란과정을 보여주는데 흥거는 유채를 의미하는 운대(芸薹, 蕓薹)나 고수풀을 의미하는 호유(胡荽)로 착락되거나 식질(蒠蒺, 무)로 오해되기도 하였다. 흥거가 유채나 고수풀로 착란된 이 유로는 형초세시기에 보이듯 중국 전통의 훈채로 존재했다는 이유와 도교의 오신채 중 두 가지 항목으로 기능하고 있었다는 사실도 영향을 준 것으로 보인다. 이러한 혼란을 거쳐 중국불교는 당나라 시기에 인도와 서역사정에 밝은 범어 전문가인 현응이나 혜일과 같은 승려들에 의해 흥 거의 정체가 파악되고 중국에서는 아위(阿魏)라는 명칭으로 오신채 항목 으로 정립되게 되었다. 그러나 교통, 통신의 미발달은 당나라 시기 그 실 체가 파악된 흥거는 그 이후 시기에 있어서도, 심지어 청나라 시기까지 이전의 혼란상이 문헌에서 교정되지 않는 채 여전히 잘못된 훈채명이 사 용되는 문헌이 존재하는 모습을 보이고 있다.

This study analyzed the effects of consumer confusion on shopping fatigue and negative purchasing behaviors in an internet shopping environment. Further, the effects of shopping fatigue on negative purchasing behaviors were analyzed. The survey was conducted among consumers in their 20s and 40s in the Seoul metropolitan area who had experience of purchasing fashion products through internet shopping. A total of 392 questionnaire were analysis, with frequency, reliability, factor, correlation, and regression analysis completed using the SPSS statistics program. The results of the study showed that consumer confusion and shopping fatigue in internet shopping environment affected negative purchasing behaviors. First, consumer confusion comprised overload confusion, similarity confusion, and ambiguity confusion. It was found that overload confusion and similarity confusion significantly affected shopping fatigue. Second, shopping fatigue significantly affected negative purchasing behaviors, and an increased level of shopping fatigue result in, increased purchase delay and non-purchase behavior. Third, consumer confusion (overload confusion, similarity confusion, ambiguity confusion) significantly affected purchase delay behavior, while similarity confusion and ambiguity confusion significantly affected non-purchasing behavior. These results will provide useful data for e-CRM and marketing directions of internet companies and will contribute to rational decision-making of internet consumers and improve the quality of consumer life.

Eco-friendly consumption is a prominent trend in the fashion industry, by which many firms attract the interest of consumers using a green marketing strategy. However, “greenwashing” (caused by distorted, exaggerated, and false information) gives rise to consumer confusion. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of consumer confusion and value on price sensitivity and purchase intention. Data was collected from 228 respondents using a questionnaire that was distributed to consumers living in Seoul and Kyunggi, South Korea. The data was analyzed by factor analysis, regression analysis, and Cronbach’s alpha using SPSS 23.0. The results were as follows: First, factor analysis showed the consumer value variable was significantly categorized in altruistic and self-expressive values. All variables (altruism, selfexpression, consumer confusion, price sensitivity, and purchase intention) were shown to have significantly good internal validity. Second, altruistic consumer value was shown to positively affect the purchase intention of eco-friendly fashion products, but self-expressive consumer value had no significant effect. Third, consumer confusion on eco-friendly fashion products had a negative effect on purchase intention. Fourth, altruistic and self-expressive consumer values had no effect on price sensitivity. Fifth, consumer confusion on eco-friendly fashion products positively affect price sensitivity. Sixth, price sensitivity on eco-friendly fashion products had a negative effect on purchase intention. Therefore, fashion firms should provide a certified green mark to consumers to eliminate confusion and deliver the right message without greenwashing. Moreover, fashion firms should develop green marketing strategies that are more focused on altruistic consumers.

As the next generation of smartphone and tablet computers, wearable devices are currently being developed and available in market in various forms. Smart clothing is a wearable device that holds the greatest potential for future development but low in market penetration. This study was designed to identify factors that influence adoption and diffusion of smart clothing. In-depth interviews with potential consumers who were knowledgeable about and interested in smart clothing were conducted. A semantic network analysis method was used. The results showed that consumers perceived smart clothing as a garment rather than as a type of wearable device and had a positive perception of smart apparel as more convenient and advanced than functional apparel. At the same time, however, consumers had a negative perception of smart clothing as unnecessary, ugly, and injurious to health. Consumers also worried that wearing smart apparel over long periods of time would negatively impact their health. Factors affecting resistance to smart apparel included low utility, perceived risk, and lack of aesthetic completeness. Usefulness and convenience were factors that affected the acceptance of smart clothing. The innovativeness of the product was more influential than consumer innovativeness in the process of adoption and diffusion of smart clothing.

Matteo Ricci, a Jesuit missionary to the late Ming China, translated of Epictetus’ Enchiridion into Twenty-Five Sayings in Chinese for the purpose of Christian mission. His selection of the representative book in the Western stoic philosophy had specific purpose: Introducing one of religious semantic meaning in the Western Christianity, Stoic ethics and its religious similarities with Buddhist frameworks. By doing so, Ricci tried to demonstrate the Western Christianity was same in relation to ethical framework but different in regard to religious implications. He tried to find the point of contact and the point of difference at the same time by comparing Christianity’s stoic characters and China’s Buddhist ethics, which was different from traditional Confucian framework. The Chinese responses, however, show different outcomes. The Chinese intellectuals, who responded Ricci’s missiological intention, read his book with different perspectives. They showed their surprising interests in the newly translated book on the Western stoic philosophy in relation to promote and uphold their traditional Confucian values. The author claims that both missionaries and the responders of the new religious teaching tend to be confused by semantic values in the early period of cultural and religious contact. Without this awareness, both sides of cultural and religious contact would be confused in the proper understanding of the true religious meanings.

성 pheromone을 이용한 이화명나방의 교미교란효과를 구명하고저 합성 성 pheromone, (Z)-11-hexadecenal과 (Z)-13-octadecenal을 4,5 : 1로 공시하여 본 시험을 야외에서 수행한 결과 1화기에는 30a당 합성성 pheromone 29.3g 처리한 구에서 의 교미교란효과가 인정되었고 2화기에는 당 합성 성 pheromone 33mg 처리까지도 교란효과가 있었다.