대규모·융복합적 결합은 물론 글로벌 경쟁산업사회에서 현대의 기업경영은 그 엄중함으로 인해 건전하고 투명한 경영을 피할 수 없게 되었다. 예전과 같이 설비투자에 의한 생산과 업적 확대에 초점을 두고 기업을 둘러싼 각종의 리스 크(위험)에 대한 준비를 소홀히(적당히) 하는 것을 허용하지 않는 시점에 있다. 어떠한 원인에 의하건 기업이 사고·재해 그 밖의 부정사건에 휘말리게 되면 해 당 기업에 미치는 손실은 경영 위기로 연결되며, 나아가서는 기업의 지속가능성 을 불가능하게 하고, 기업구성원인 주주를 비롯한 투자자, 소비자, 지역사회 등 광범위하게 걸쳐있는 다양한 이해관계자에게까지 상당한 마이너스 영향을 미치 게 된다. 기업을 둘러싼 리스크는 상당히 다양하고 대규모적인 경향을 띠는데, 기업의 경영활동과 관련해서는 소비자를 비롯하여 기업과 관계를 맺는 다양한 관계자 들이 존재하고 있다. 최근 기업의 경영활동은 다양한 정보를 수집·활용하여 대 규모의 이익을 창출하는 근원이 되고 있지만, 개인정보에 관한 데이터보호문제· 위험관리가 철저하게 이루어져야 함에도 불구하고 그 관리 소홀로 인해 그 개 인정보가 유출되어 커다란 사회적 문제로 부각되고 있다. 한편, 안전관리를 최 우선으로 해야 하는 사업장에서 발생되는 근로자의 안전문제(S), 제조업을 영위 하는 기업의 경우 폐기물·리사이클문제, 화학물질의 유해성문제 및 그로 인한 기후변동의 위험성까지 초래될 염려가 있는 지구환경(E)과 같은 문제는 글로벌 적 차원에서 엄중하게 대응할 문제로 지적되고 있다. 또한 기업지배구조 상 이 사회의 다양성·경영진의 보수·소유구조에 관한 문제(G) 등, 이른바 ESG경영에 있어서의 문제로 이해되면서 이러한 내용에 관한 관심 또한 집중되고 있다. 상장회사에는 주주 이외에도 중요한 이해관계자가 광범위하게 존재한다. 상 장회사는 스스로의 지속적인 성장과 중장기적인 기업가치의 창출을 달성하려면 이러한 이해관계자와 적절한 조화관계를 이룰 필요가 있다는 점을 충분히 인식 해야 한다. 특히 글로벌적으로 사회·환경문제 등에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있는 현 상황을 고려하면 이른바 ESG문제에 적극적·능동적으로 대응할 필요가 있음 은 두말할 필요도 없다.

Based on behavioral psychology theory this conceptual paper analyzes specific versus non-specific corporate social responsibility (CSR) to deal with specific versus nonspecific latent corporate sustainability crises, with only rumors of allegedly problematic company behavior starting to emerge. The focus is on shaping immediate consumer reactions, in particular perceptions of risk and responsibility as well as expectations towards further crisis management, which are predominantly formed in the early crisis stages. Consumer involvement and perceived CSR credibility are considered as potential moderating variables. Based on the derived propositions and with reference to the CSR concept, various management implications are discussed. It has emerged that the management of specific sustainability crises must also prioritize specific CSR activities in order to reduce or avoid immediate negative consumer reactions.

This paper aims to provide a review concept regarding the relationship between corporate governance and corporate sustainability in Indonesia. This paper examines the mechanisms and guidelines for implementing good corporate governance. This research used the literature review method and explores some effective corporate governance principles such as transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence, fairness, and equality to achieve business sustainability in Indonesia’s setting. The results show that good corporate governance regulation in Indonesia has been improved, but the enforcement is still needed to be optimized because good corporate governance will positively impact corporate sustainability. Thus, sustainability requires more corporate innovation because sustainability is about how a company can create profits and value-added to society through corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs and how the company can contribute to the preservation of nature and the environment. In Indonesia, the board of directors, the board of commissioners, and the audit committees are positively related to CSR disclosure. Thus, leadership and management efforts are crucial. However, to comprehensively support the synergy of implementing good corporate governance, we need the role of the state, the business community, and society. This study provides important insights into the implementation of good corporate governance in achieving corporate sustainability in Indonesia.

This study discusses the role of Board Monitoring Effectiveness (BME) on managers’ decisions regarding the business strategies that fit the external business environmental conditions by using a contingency analysis approach. Furthermore, this study will examine how fit strategies affect Sustainability Reporting (SR) of listed companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2014 to 2017. This study uses Conditional Mixed Process (CMP) technique. This CMP method is claimed to be more efficient in analyzing the TSL models. This study found that in highly uncertain conditions, BME had a positive influence on the probability of managers to choose prospector and defender strategies rather than analyzers. These results indicate that BME shows positive impact on the contingency fit between business strategies and environmental uncertainty. In addition, the study documents that only prospectors have a positive impact on SR, however this study failed to document that defenders have positive impact on SR. Meanwhile the unexpected result is analyzers have a significantly positive effect on SR. This study is the first study to investigate the role of BME in contingency fit between business strategies and environmental uncertainties and how it produces effects up to the level of SR.

Though their activities, companies have an impact on environmental problems and nature conservation. The accounting sector can play a role in environmental conservation efforts related to environmental costs, and the implemention of the Corporate Sustainability Management System (CSMS) could be a key factor that can improve the company’s financial performance. This study aims to determine how green accounting through the application of CSMS can improve the financial performance of manufacturing companies in Indonesia, a developing country. The sampling method used was purposive sampling, while the research sample consisted of 38 companies that had followed PROPER and were indexed on the IDX. Data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method known as the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The results of this study indicate that manufacturing companies in Indonesia are able to implement green accounting by allocating appropriate environmental costs by earmarking a portion to carry CSMS implementation so as to improve financial performance. People in Indonesia consider that manufacturing companies that have good company rankings in the evaluation program for company performance ratings in environmental management run by the Indonesian Ministry of Environment are in a position to generate customer loyalty, especially in financial performance.

This study aims to test empirically whether the ASEAN Corporate Governance Scorecard (ACGS) has a positive effect on Sustainability Reporting (SR) and whether the ACGS and Sustainability Reporting (SR) have a positive effect on Firm Value (FV). The study was conducted in five ASEAN countries - Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, and Thailand from 2014 - 2017. The research sample was collected from companies with the ACGS data and obtained with the help of 359 company observations. Hypothesis testing was performed using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The results of the study do not support all hypotheses. The ACGS has no effect on sustainability reporting. The ACGS has a significant negative effect on firm value, while sustainability reporting has a negative and insignificant effect on firm value. The ACGS and sustainability reporting are not good news for investors. This research’s limitation is that companies rarely disclose the final value of the ACGS in their annual reports, so this research uses content analysis. The weakness of content analysis is the researchers’ subjectivity so that the point of view between researchers is different. Besides, sustainability reporting for several ASEAN countries is voluntary, so not all companies can be sampled, which ultimately affects interpretation.

The objective of this paper is to explore how board gender diversity affects corporate sustainability performance. Therefore, this paper examines the direct association between board gender diversity with corporate sustainability performance and the mediation effect of enterprise risk management (ERM) on this association. The study employed a cross-sectional survey method. Data were collected from annual reports, websites, and through the questionnaires that were distributed to Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) of all the listed companies of Dhaka Stock Exchange, Bangladesh. The partial least square technique of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach was employed for data analysis. The result did not find support for the direct association between board gender diversity and sustainability performance in Bangladesh context. This implies that contextual factors, such as, male-dominant board, appointment of female directors based on family ties, lack of education and expertise etc. may discount gender diversity direct influence on sustainability performance. However, the study finds strong support for the mediating role of ERM use within the corporate structure. Further analysis of indirect effect suggests that ERM use mediates the relationship of board gender diversity and sustainability performance in full. This implies that in the Bangladesh context effective use of ERM is highly recommended.