The types and distribution ratio of odor removal systems installed in publicly owned environmental facilities such as sewage treatment, wastewater treatment, manure treatment, livestock manure treatment, and food waste treatment were investigated. Since the intensity of the odor and the composition of the odor substances are different depending on the type of each public treatment facility, different odor removal efficiencies were derived depending on the applied odor removal technology. In addition, the removal efficiency of complex odors and individual odor substances of odor removal systems such as those applying biofilters, scrubbers, and adsorption towers were also compared and evaluated. Although it depends on each odor removal technology and application facility, about 50% of various odor removal systems presented an odor removal performance of less than 30%. The odor removal systems with an odor removal efficiency of 70% or more were evaluated to be less than 30% of the total number. Therefore, we suggest that odor removal efficiencies should be improved through continuous monitoring, diagnosis, reinforcement of maintenance, and improvement of systems.

Worldwide there is concern about the continuing release of a broad range of environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals, including polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, phthalates, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and other halogenated organochlorines persistent organic pollutants (POPs) into the environment. They are condemned for health adverse effects such as cancer, reproductive defects, neurobehavioral abnormalities, endocrine and immunological toxicity. These effects can be elicited via a number of mechanisms among others include disruption of endocrine system, oxidation stress and epigenetic. However, most of the mechanisms are not clear, thus several number of studies are ongoing trying to elucidate them in order to protect the public by reducing these adverse effects. In this review, we briefly limited review the process, the impacts, and the potential mechanisms of dioxin/dioxin like compound, particularly, their possible roles in adverse developmental and reproductive processes, diseases, and gene expression and associated molecular pathways in cells.

이 연구의 목적은 지구계와 환경 문제에 대한 초등 영재학생들의 인식을 조사하는 것이다. 대학부설영재교육원 소속 28명의 초등학교 학생들을 대상으로 13개의 지구 환경 문제에 대한 지식수준, 심각성, 확실성, 체험 가능성에 관한 인식을 조사하였다. 학생들이 그린 지구 이미지를 분석하기 위하여 Draw-An-Earth Test 체크리스트를 개발하여 사용하였으며, 이미지를 구성하는 요소와 이미지에 담긴 의미를 분명하게 파악하기 위하여 인터뷰를 실시하였다. DAET 체크리스트와 인터뷰 분석 결과 지구계의 구성요소에서 80개, 지구계의 상호작용에서 11개, 지구계의 소양 영역에서 4개의 요소가 확인되었다. 학생들은 지식 수준과 관련하여 대기 오염, 지구온난화, 수질 오염에 가장 잘 알고 있다고 하였으며, 지구온난화, 대기오염, 수질 오염을 가장 심각한 문제라고 하였다. 또한 산성비, 대기 오염, 수질 오염에 대하여 확실성이 높게 나타났으며, 산성비, 대기오염, 산림파괴에 대하여 체험가능성이 높게 나타났다. 이 연구를 통하여 교수 학습 측면에서 초등 과학 영재들이 지구계와 환경문제에 대하여 어떻게 인식하고 있는지 이해할 수 있었다.

본 연구에서는 1990~2005년 사이에 일본전국의 109개의 주요하천유역에서 조사된 어류, 식물, 조류 데이터를 이용하여, 각 생물종의 종수와 기후 및 지형의 환경인자와의 관계를 분석하고 모델링을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 어류, 식물, 조류의 분포는 각각 연평균 기온, 유역면적, 연간 강수량에 의해서 가장 많은 부분이 설명되었다. 또한, 광범위 스케일에서의 환경인자데이터를 이용한 각 생물종에 대한 일반화가법모델을 이용하여 일본전국의 하천유역의 각 생물 종수의 값을 예측하고 그 값을 지도화하였다. 예측값을 지도화하는 것은 관리자가 생물종의 다양성을 확보하기 위해서 보호해야할 지역을 새롭게 설정하거나, 생물다양성 보호지역의 유효성을 평가하는데 활용될 수 있다.

The purpose of this study was to explore the elementary students' perceptions of Earth systems and environmental issues. A survey was conducted to determine the students' perceptions on the following aveas: (1) the concepts of certainty and tangibility, (2) self-reported knowledge level, (3) perceived danger level of selected eight Earth systems and environmental issues, and (4) their primary information source on these issues. Results indicated that ozone hole, acid rain, El Niño, and global warming were identified by the students as uncertain and intangible issues. Perceived certainty and perceived tangibility were highly positively correlated with self-reported knowledge compared to other relationships. The results also showed that learning from school was the most frequent information source for environmental issues. The second most frequently used source of information was television among several mass media sources. It is hoped that this study contributes to understanding the elementary school students' perceptions toward the selected Earth systems and environmental issues.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Denpasar City still face low mastery of technology and financial management, one of which is the application of technology-based accounting information systems (e-commerce) for small and medium enterprises. The research objective was to determine the relationship between environmental uncertainty, trust and ease of information technology moderating behavior in accounting information systems. Research with a quantitative approach, the method used is multiple linear regression with moderated regression analysis. The study population was 816 small and medium enterprises. The sampling method technique was the incidental sampling approach and the Slovin formula so that a sampling of 100 small and medium enterprises that had used e-commerce was determined in the city of Denpasar. The results of research that have been conducted determine the relationship between user behavior in accounting information systems that affect individual performance, the relationship between environmental uncertainty affects accounting information systems mediated by individual performance, while the ease of information technology and its ability to be mediated by individual performance has an effect on the behavior of using accounting information systems. The application of accounting information systems in small and medium enterprises is expected to improve individual performance so as to increase income.

A number of problems associated with environmental noises in urban areas have significantly been considered. Specific measurement and estimation of the environmental noise became a primary issue in local governments. Environmental noise monitoring system is required in order to estimate and verify the a city noise map. However, current monitoring positions may not perfectly represent and incorporate many different view points, such as districts of a city, different utilizations of a city by the law, populations, and classifications and traffics of roads. In addition, scientific method to provide specific noise monitoring positions my not be avaliable in current literature. For this reason, the primary objective of this paper is to propose a new method for introducing a number of monitoring positions in the entire city. First, the quality function deployment (QFD) method was utilized to simultaneously represent both districts and utilizations of a city. Second, a new algorithm to find a number of monitoring positions was proposed by compromising many different view points: populations, classifications of roads and areas, and traffics of roads. Finally, the proposed monitoring positions and a sample noise map was provided for verification purposes. Based on these results, the proposed algorithm including the QFD concept may successfully provide specific noise monitoring positions by simultaneously consider may different view points and requirements of a city.

The objective of this research is to apply more scientific, quantitative methods and procedures of environmental investigation to the development of the natural environment and the improvement of the human environment during the establishment of a sewage treatment plant and special facilities using environmental accounting. This research was performed to develop a method of strategic environmental assessment on the operation of sewage treatment plant and reuse of shellfish seeding areas through the use of environmental accounting based on EMERGY evaluation. The result was applied to marine environment policy in order to evaluate the real wealth of the regional environment and economy for both the present phase and the proposed developed phase. Using results from the comparison of EMERGY indices between the present situation and future scenarios, cost benefit analysis was performed for three different scenarios: (1) construction of a new sewage treatment plant, (2) relocation and recovery of the shellfish seeding area , and (3) relocation and re-seeding of shellfish area and construction of a new sewage treatment plant. Cost-benefit ratios of the three scenarios are 1.88, 0.94, and 1.38, respectively.

땅콩의 완전종실생산을 위해서는 150-180일의 생육기간이 소요되나 풋땅콩용으로 출하하면 총생육일수를 20-30일 정도 단축할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 수확후 지상부 잔존유기물도 많이 남게 된다. 땅콩재배기간 단축에 따른 풋땅콩-무, 보리, 마늘과의 relay-cropping system에서 수확후 잔존 유기물의 토양환원 유무에 따른 각 작물들의 생육과 토양의 이화학성, 미생물상의 변화양상에 관한 기초자료를 얻어 남부지역 풋땅콩 안정생산기술을 확립하고자 수행한 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 작부체계별 시험후 토양경도는 풋땅콩 단작에서 가장 높았고, 토양 공 극율은 풋땅콩 단작 대비무, 보리, 마늘과 2모작 작부체계 처리에서 높 았으며 수확후 잔존유기물을 환원하였을 때 더욱 높아졌다. 2. 단작의 풋땅콩은 보리, 마늘과 2모작 작부체계상에서 재배된 풋땅콩에 비하여 도복 및 병 발생이 심하였다. 작부체계별 풋땅콩 수량은 단작에 비하여 풋땅콩-보리 및 풋땅콩-마늘 작부체계에서 증수하였으나, 유기 물 환원에 따른 수량 차이는 없었다. 3. 풋땅콩 후작의 마늘과 보리의 수량은 유기물 환원에 의하여 증대되었다. 4. C/N율이 높은 보리짚의 토양 환원에서 질소무기량이 증가하였고, 풋땅콩-보리와 풋땅콩-마늘의 작부체계에서 Pseudomonas spp.균 및 Trichoderma spp.균의 밀도가 높아져 풋땅콩의 친환경 작부체계로 추정되었다