This study examined the spatial morphological patterns of forest habitats and the characteristics of roadkill occurrences in the forests of Mungyeong, Yecheon, Yeongju, Andong, and Bonghwa in Gyeongsangbuk-do. It involved building a resistance map between habitats and analyzing connectivity based on the least-cost distance. The analysis of the distance between the forest habitat Cores derived from MSPA and roadkill points showed that roadkill occurrences were concentrated approximately 74.11 m away from the Cores, with most roadkills happening within 360 m from the habitats. The connectivity analysis between core habitats larger than 1 km2 revealed 141 core habitats and 242 least-cost paths between them. The corridor distance value was found to be highest in Mungyeong city, indicating an urgent need for strategies to enhance habitat connectivity there. This research is expected to serve as foundational data for developing strategies to enhance ecosystem connectivity and restore habitats, by analyzing ecosystem connectivity and roadkill issues due to habitat fragmentation.

In terms of habitat conservation, it is essential to develop a habitat assessment system that can evaluate not only the suitability of the current habitat, but also the health and stability of the habitat. This study aimed to develop a methodology of habitat quality assessment for endangered species by analyzing various existing habitat assessment methods. The habitat quality assessment consisted of selecting targeted species, planning of assessment, selecting targeted sites, assessing performance, calculating grade, and expert verification. Target sites were selected separately from core and potential habitats using a species distribution model or habitat suitability index. Habitat assessment factors were classified into ecological characteristic, landscape characteristic, and species-habitat characteristic. Ecological characteristic consisted of thirteen factors related to health of tree, vegetation, and soil. Landscape characteristic consisted of five factors related to fragment and connectivity of habitat. Species-habitat characteristic consisted of factors for evaluating habitat suitability depending on target species. Since meanings are different depending on characteristics, habitat quality assessment of this study could be used by classifying results for each characteristic according to various assessment purposes, such as designation of alternative habitats, assessment of restoration project, and protected area valuation for endangered species. Forest habitat quality assessment is expected to play an important role in conservation acts of endangered species in the future through continuous supplementation of this system in regard to quantitative assessment criteria and weighting for each factor with an influence.

남해안의 바다숲을 구성하는 종을 확인하고 바다숲 조성에 적합한 종을 파악하기 위하여 남해안 12개 정점에서 계절별로 4개 수심에서 2018년∼2019년에 걸쳐서 해조류의 생물량을 조사하였다. 해조류 생물량을 근거로 켈프종 3종과 모자반류 3종에 대해서 서식지적합지수를 계산하여 생물량과 비교하였다. 본 연구에서 바다숲을 구성하는 종은 켈프종 4종과 모자반류 12종으로 총 16종이 관찰되었다. 정점별로 해조류의 평균 생물량 (계절별, 수심별 포함)은 남해 동부에서 843.73∼2,925.85 g wet wt. m-2였고 남해 서부에서 343.87∼4,580.10 g wet wt. m-2였다. 모든 정점에서 생물량 기준으로 볼 때, 켈프종에서는 감태가 가장 우점하였고 다음으로 곰피였으며, 모자반류에서는 큰열매모자반이 1위였고 괭생이모자반이 2위로 나타났다. 서식지지 수는 곰피가 8개 정점에서 0.76∼1.00이었으며, 감태는 4개 정점에서 0.58∼0.92의 범위를 보임으로써 곰피가 감태에 비해 적합한 종으로 나타났다. 모자반류의 서식지적합지수는 괭생이모자반이 12개 모든 정점에서 0.84∼1.00의 값을, 그리고 큰열매모자반이 0.68∼0.99을 보였다. 본 연구의 결과 바다숲 조성에 적합한 켈프종과 모자반종은 생물량과 서식지적합지수와 약간의 차이를 보였는데, 생물량으로는 감태와 큰열매모자반이, 서식지적합지수로 보면, 곰피와 괭생이모자반이 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 본 연구를 통해서 바다숲 조성을 위한 적합종의 선택을 위해서는 해조류의 생물량과 서식지적합지수를 모두 고려 해야 할 것으로 사료되며, 서식지적합지수 계산을 위해서는 향후 더 많은 연구가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

The present study is to understand the Bongseonsa stream in the National Arboretum fish fauna variation through comparison with historical data and to evaluate the stream health situated. We performed investigations over three times from April to September 2015. In the survey, 2,960 individuals which belonging to 22 species, 8 families were collected. Dominant species by number was Zacco platypus and subdominant species was Zacco koreanus. Seven Korean endemic species (Squalidus gracilis majimae, Microphysogobio yaluensis, Zacco koreanus, Koreocobitis rotundicausata, etc) were observed and showed a ratio of 36.4%. The community analysis revealed that the structure of fish community in the study sampling sites was instability in having dominance 0.79 (±0.15), diverse 1.21 (±0.60), evenness 0.58 (±0.15) and species richness 1.49 (±0.83). The values in the Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) was averagely 122.9 (±44.8) in the Bongseonsa stream and this was showed to have favorable habitat surroundings. As a result of tolerance guild analysis, the total number of sensitive species and intermediate species were higher than tolerant species. Analysis was divided into A and B two groups of fiducial 12.25% in Cluster analysis degree of similarity between study sampling sites. Fish Assessment Index (FAI) was rated A and B grade in Bongseonsa stream that stream health showed favorable. However Wangsuk stream as a urban stream rated C grade and analysed the lowest grade in the whole study sampling sites. There was high correlation beteween FAI and various indexes, dominance, diverse, evenness and sensitive species and intermediate species.

This snag-dwelling arthropod community study was conducted for the ecological evaluation of dead woods at Korean fir stand in Mt. Woonak in Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, from April 2010 to August 2011. We put a windows trap and an emergence trap on the trunk of each snag, and we selected the six snags during the study periods. We collected 3930 individuals (5 class, 21order, 52 families) but we didn’t include the number of unidentified larva. We separated those individuals into the three functional groups and we found out the proportion and number of each functional group from the total individuals: herbivores (27.6%, 1083) predators (10.9%, 430), detritivores (61.4%, 2413), etc(0.1%, 4). We found out the proportion and number of each taxon group for herbivores, Armadillidae (0.15%, 6), Acarina (2.57%, 101), Psocoptera (0.25%, 10), Hemiptera (0.46%, 18), Mecoptera (0.05%, 2), Hymenoptera (not ant) (5.14%, 202), Aphididae (3.82%, 150), Cicadellidae (0.4%, 16), Curculionidae (3.61%, 142), Chrysomelidae (0.23%, 9), Elateridae (3.36%, 132), Erotylidae (3.16%, 124), Nitidulidae (2.6%, 102), Pyrochoroidae (0.08%, 3), Scarabaeidae (0.31%, 12), and Cetoniidae (0.13%, 5). Predators were consisted of the following taxa groups: Araneae (2.9%,114), Chilopoda (0.31%, 12), Formicidae (4.25%, 167), Carabidae (0.08%, 3), Staphylinidae (1.09%, 43), Cleridae (0.05%, 2), Pselaphidae (0.1%, 4), Colydiidae (0.38%, 15), Harpalidae (0.1%, 4), Histeridae (0.36%, 14), and Dermestidae (0.8%, 31). Detritivores were consisted of the following taxa groups: Millipedes (0.92%, 36), Archaeognatha(1.6%, 63), Diptera (7.81%, 307), Collembola (35.47%, 1394), Protura (0.03%, 1), Dermaptera (0.1%, 4), Tettigoniidae (0.08%, 4), Raphiidophoridae (0.03%, 1), Ipidae (14.12%, 555), Silphidae (0.15%, 6), Cuculidae (0.15%, 6), Cerambycidae (0.38%, 15), Oedeeridae (0.03%, 1), Lucamnidae (0.03%, 1), Stenotrachelidae (0.05%, 2), Buprestidae (0.13%, 5), Tenebrionidae (0.23%, 9), and Mordellidae (0.1%, 4), etc. Conclusively, the snag plays an important roll as the diverse arthropods’ habitats in the Korean fir forest ecosystem.

본 연구는 광릉 지역의 활엽수 천연림과 도로 주변에서 서식지 구조와 조류군집의 특성을 파악하기 위해 2005년 10월부터 2006년 8월 사이의 기간 동안 수행되었다. 활엽수 천연림과 도로 지역의 서식지 환경은 매우 큰 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 활엽수 천연림은 대경목의 비율이 높고 상층 임관이 잘 발달해 있는 반면, 도로에서는 소경목이 대부분을 차지하였으며, 상층임관의 발달이 적은 반면 하층식생의 피도가 높았다. 계절별 조사 결과 활엽수 천연림에서는 모두 37종의 조류가 관찰되었으며, 도로에서는 20종이 기록되었다. 4계절에 있어서도 활엽수 천연림 이 도로보다 관찰 종수, 개체수 및 종다양도에 있어서 모두 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 길드 구조에 있어서도 활엽수 천연림 지역에서는 수관층 및 수동(나무구멍)에서 먹이와 둥지를 얻는 조류들이 많이 관찰되었으며, 도로에서는 관목이나 지면을 이용하는 조류가 많이 기록되었다. 두 지 역은 인접해 있음에도 불구하고 조류 군집의 특성에 있어서 큰 차이를 보였다. 이러한 차이는 두 지 역 간 서식환경의 차이와 깊은 연관이 있는 것으로 판단된다.