This paper examines the variation of the intervocalic /b, d, g/ in the Spanish spoken in one of the Andean Spanish varieties. One of the regional phonological features that characterize the Andean Spanish is the use of occlusive [b, d, g] in intervocalic positions where other standard varieties would favor approximate variants [ß, ð, ɣ]. This research provides the first quantitative study on the linguistic and extra-linguistic factors influencing the use of [b, d, g] in Andean Spanish. A total of 4,080 tokens from 24 speakers in the Tupe district were analyzed via multivariate statistical analysis with Goldvarb X. The results show that the most important extra-linguistic factors are speakers’ gender and age, with old female speakers producing significantly more occlusive [b, d, g] than other speakers. The results also indicate that the speakers are standardizing their use of /b, d, g/ but its process is quite different between the male and female speakers.

본 연구는 최신 텔레메틱스 제품의 사용성 평가 및 운전자 생체신호 변이의 분석을 통하여 제품 사용 및 정보서비스의 HMI(Human Machine Interface) 문제점과 개선사항을 도출함으로서 차세대 자동차의 운전자 정보 체계(DIS: Driver Information System)에 대한 HMI 설계의 G/L을 제시하기 위한 것으로, 다양한 평가방법과 실험을 통하여 운전자가 텔레메틱스 제품을 사용하는데 있어서의 주관적, 객관적 작업부하 및 불편요인을 도출하였다.

High molecular weight glutenin (HMW-Glu) subunit compositions of 73 Korean wheat cultivars and experimental lines were evaluated by using one dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This method is suitable for obtaining a good resolution of 1Dx2 and 1Ax2* without adverse effects on separation of other HMW-Glu subunits. Korean wheats examined in this study could be divided into 15 different groups on the basis of HMW-Glu subunit compositions. From the wheat lines tested, it was identified that there were three alleles at the Glu-Al, five at the Glu-Bl and three at the Glu-D1 loci. The null allele of the Glu-Al was occurred in high frequency (79.4%), while low frequencies for 1Ax1 (12.3%) and 1Ax2* (8.2%) were found. High frequency (75.3%) of the subunit pairs of 1Bx7+1By8 at the Glu-Bl loci compared with other subunits was found. The frequencies of subunits 1Dx2. 2+1Dy12 and 1Dx2+1Dy12 from the Glu-D1 loci were 54. 8% and 37.0%, respectively. However, a few Korean wheat lines (8.2%) carried 1Dx5 + 1Dy10 subunit pair which are responsible for good breadmaking quality. The information of HMW-Glu subunit compositions provide a useful tool to characterize wheat lines, and can be directly used in selection of breeding lines of different end-use properties.