It is important to ensure worker’s safety from radiation hazard in decommissioning site. Real-time tracking of worker’s location is one of the factors necessary to detect radiation hazard in advance. In this study, the integrated algorithm for worker tracking has been developed to ensure the safety of workers. There are three essential techniques needed to track worker’s location, which are object detection, object tracking, and estimating location (stereo vision). Above all, object detection performance is most important factor in this study because the performance of tracking and estimating location is depended on worker detection level. YOLO (You Only Look Once version 5) model capable of real-time object detection was applied for worker detection. Among the various YOLO models, a model specialized for person detection was considered to maximize performance. This model showed good performance for distinguishing and detecting workers in various occlusion situations that are difficult to detect correctly. Deep SORT (Simple Online and Realtime Tracking) algorithm which uses deep learning technique has been considered for object tracking. Deep SORT is an algorithm that supplements the existing SORT method by utilizing the appearance information based on deep learning. It showed good tracking performance in the various occlusion situations. The last step is to estimate worker’s location (x-y-z coordinates). The stereo vision technique has been considered to estimate location. It predicts xyz location using two images obtained from stereo camera like human eyes. Two images are obtained from stereo camera and these images are rectified based on camera calibration information in the integrated algorithm. And then workers are detected from the two rectified images and the Deep SORT tracks workers based on worker’s position and appearance between previous frames and current frames. Two points of workers having same ID in two rectified images give xzy information by calculating depth estimation of stereo vision. The integrated algorithm developed in this study showed sufficient possibility to track workers in real time. It also showed fast speed to enable real-time application, showing about 0.08 sec per two frames to detect workers on a laptop with high-performance GPU (RTX 3080 laptop version). Therefore, it is expected that this algorithm can be sufficiently used to track workers in real decommissioning site by performing additional parameter optimization.

There exists very little information on the ultrastructure of substance P immunopositive (+) fibers in the human dental pulp, which may help in understanding the mechanism for substance P associated pulpal inflammatory pain. To address this issue, we investigated the presence of substance P+ fibers in the human dental pulp by light- and electron-microscopic immunohistochemistry. Light microscopy revealed that substance P+ fibers ran within neurovascular bundles in the radicular pulp and in the core of coronal pulp. They were also frequently present in the peripheral pulp. Substance P+ fibers showed beads like swellings interconnected by thin axonal strand, in a manner similar to bouton en passants and interconnecting axonal strand in the spinal cord. Electron microscopy revealed that almost all the substance P+ axons were unmyelinated. The axonal swellings of the substance P+ contained numerous clear round vesicles (40-50 nm in diameter) and many large dense-cored vesicles (80-110 nm in diameter) as well as many mitochondria. The vesicles and mitochondria were rarely observed in the thin axonal strand interconnecting the swellings. Intimate interrelationship or synaptic structure between the swellings of substance P+ axon and nearby pulpal cells or axons was not found. These findings suggest co-release of substance P and glutamate from the substance P+ pulpal axons and its action on nearby structures in a paracrine manner.

Noodle texture parameters of Korean style wet and dry noodles and relationships between noodle quality and flour characteristics were evaluated for two years, 1997 and 1998, and at two locations, Suwon and Deokso, using Korean winter wheat cultivars and lines. No significant difference for chewiness was found between cultivars over locations. Noodles made from flours from 1997 showed significantly higher chewiness than those from 1998. Chewiness of cooked noodles showed positively significant correlations with protein content and SDS sedimentation volume and negatively significant correlations with starch peak viscosity and flour swelling volume. Korean winter wheat cultivars, except for Gobunmil, Keumkangmil Tapdongmil, Suwon 265 and Suwon 280, showed chewiness of cooked noodles similar to commercial flours used for noodle making in Korea and Japan.

Bread baking parameters and relationships between bread baking properties and flour characteristics were evaluated for two years, 1997 and 1998, and at two locations, Suwon and Deokso, with Korean winter wheat cultivars and lines. Among the bread baking parameters, lightness of crumb grain showed differences between years. No significant differences were found in dough mixing time, bread loaf volume, crumb grain score or firmness. Keumkangmil, Suwon 278 and Tapdongmil showed higher bread loaf volume, good structure of crumb grain and softer crumb firmness. However, compared to commercial flours for baking, cultivar means averaged over years and locations of nineteen Korean winter wheats showed poor bread baking quality because of low protein content and unsuitable protein quality. Protein content and flour swelling volume showed better relationships with the bread baking parameters than other flour characteristics. Friabilin-absence lines showed softer crumb firmness than those of friabilin-presence lines

Flour characteristics of Korean winter wheat grown in Suwon in 1997 and 1998, and in Suwon and Deokso in 1998 were evaluated. Korean winter wheat cultivars were significantly influenced by years and locations in flour properties such as ash content, protein content, damaged starch content, starch swelling volume and power. Protein content was highly correlated with starch damage and alkaline water retention capacity. There were highly significant correlations between mixing time of mixograph and SDS sedimentation volume. Swelling properties of flour and starch were highly correlated with pasting properties of flour and starch, respectively. Compared to commercial flours for baking, Alchanmil, Gobunmil, Keumkangmil and Tapdongmil showed similar protein content, SOS sedimentation volume and mixograph mixing time. Eunpamil, Geurumil, Olgeurumil, Suwon 258, Suwon 261, Suwon 265, Suwon 275, Suwon 276, Suwon 277, Suwon 278 and Urimil had similar values to commercial noodle flours in SDS sedimentation volume. Alchanmil, Olgeurumil, Suwon 274, Suwon 275, Suwon 276 and Urimil showed higher swelling and pasting properties than the others. Chokwang, Olgeurumil, Suwon 277 and Urimil were similar to commercial cookie flours. Friabilin-absence lines showed higher protein content and starch damage than those of friabilin-presence lines. Absence lines of 1D~times 2.2 + 1Dy12 subunit in high molecular weight glutenin subunits showed higher SDS sedimentation volume and mixing time of mixograph than those of presence lines.

End-use properties of six Korean waxy wheat lines and their parental plants were evaluated in this study. Korean waxy wheat lines showed unsuitable characteristics for end products, such as sticky crumb of bread, sticky cooked wet and dry noodles and small cookie diameter. Korean waxy wheat lines produced lower loaf volume and less desirable crumb grain structure of bread, and lower chewiness of cooked wet and dry noodles than their parental plants even though Korean waxy wheats were much higher in protein content and SDS-sedimentation volume than their parental plants. We observed adverse effects of high flour protein content in Korean waxy wheat lines, such as smaller cookie diameter and harder snapping force than those produced from their parental plants.

Flour physicochemical properties of six Korean waxy wheat lines and their parental plants, including Kanto 107 and BaiHuo, which have partially null in GBSS (granule bound starch synthase), were evaluated in this study. The very low amylose content (3.20%) of Korean waxy wheat lines, which had been influenced by the null in all three GBSS isoforms encoded by three Wx loci, could result in the higher starch swelling power (25.15%), lower starch and flour pasting temperature (61.37~circC ; 65.85~circC ), and higher starch pasting peak viscosity and breakdown (246.60 RVU; 161.50 RVU) than those of their parental plants. In addition to high swelling and pasting properties, Korean waxy wheat lines had the higher protein content (12.80%), alkaline water retention capacity (97.39%), SDS sedimentation volume (80.33 m~ell ) and damaged starch content (4.35 %) than those of their parental plants.

Cookie baking properties and relationships between cookie baking properties and flour characteristics were evaluated for two years, 1997 and 1998, and at two locations, Suwon and Deokso, with Korean winter wheat cultivars and lines. Cookie baking parameters, except for cookie diameter and top grain score, were influenced by locations and years. Chokwang, Suwon 274, Suwon 275, Suwon 277 and Urimil showed larger cookie diameter and excellent top grain score compared to the other Korean winter wheat cultivars and lines. Among the flour characteristics, protein content, damaged starch content, alkaline water retention capacity and flour swelling volume showed high positive correlation coefficients with cookie baking parameters. Friabilin-present lines showed larger cookie diameter, suitable surface structure of cookie and softer snapping force than the friabilin-absent lines.

One-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D SDS-PAGE) was used to determine whether it would provide improved resolving power of hordein proteins concomitant with improved identification of Korean barley cultivars and germplams. This system gave rapid and reproducible separations of hordein polypeptides. Total fourteen of clear and easily scorable subunits were identified in Korean barley cultivars and germplasms and their polymorphic constitutions could provide biochemical genetic information in progeny analysis and endosperm quality improvement in barley breeding programs. Each hordein polypeptides residing in B, C, and D hordein pattern designations were scored to prepare a cultivar catalogue of protein patterns. On the basis of this character, 7 hordein polypeptide patterns were constructed from 108 barley cultivars and experimental lines. The molecular weight of hordein subunits in Korean barley cultivars and experimental lines varied in the range of 98 to 48 kDa. In contrast, less polymorphic hordein polypeptides were found in the low protein barley lines including malting barleys than those found in Korean barley cultivars and experimental lines

The environment in which a given genotype is grown may influence its grain quality characteristics. When varieties are ~times evaluated over numerous environments, a variety environment interaction usually is observed, but the relative magnitude of environmental(E), genetic(G), and G ~times E effects on quality is unclear. In order to determine relative contribution of genotype, environment, and G ~times E interaction to the variations observed in grain quality characteristics, 18 Korean wheat cultivars and experimental lines were evaluated in two environments in 1998 and 1999. Correlation coefficients between grain quality and agronomic characteristics were also estimated. The analysis of variance for the optical density obtained by reaction bet- ween gliadin and anti-gliadin polyclonal antibody (AGPab) indicated that gliadin content measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) was significantly in- fluenced by environment and cultivar differences. The significant differences of year and year ~times location were also found. The ratio of the variances associated with environmental effects to the variances associated with genetic effect gave relatively greater influence of environmental factor on gliadin content. The different protein content from same genotype grown in different environment might be associated with degree of storage protein accumulations. Significant relationships between ELISA and protein content, yield, ten spike weight, and ten spike number were detected. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was significantly influenced by year, location, cultivar and year ~times location. The variance in grain PPO activities among growing years appeared larger than the variation produced by the cultivar examined. This suggested that the growing environment contributed more to variability in grain PPO concentration.

Immunological method has been applied in biochemical genetic analysis of seed storage proteins. We developed and characterized anti-gliadin polyclonal antibody (AGPab) specific to gliadin fractions whose quality and quantity were known to be associated with wheat end-use quality. Reactions of anti-gliadin polyclonal antibody (AGPab) to gliadin were linearly decreased as AGPab and antigen were diluted. Dot-blot and immunoblot assay showed that produced AGPab specifically reacted to gliadin and mainly α -, β -, and ~gamma -gliadin subunits. Enzyme-linked immuno- sorbent assay (ELISA) was applied for quantifi-cation of gliadins in Korean wheat cultivars and breeding lines by using AGPab. High reactions between AGPab and gliadins were found in wheat cultivars Olmil and Olgeurumil. Significant difference of optical densities for alcohol soluble proteins among crop species was found, as wheat showed the highest value (0.697) followed by rye (0.295), and barley (0.066).

Hamlet (PI549276) possessing 2RL was obtained by cross between a wheat cultivar ND7532 (Froid/Centurk) and a rye cultivar Chaupon. Chaupon was known to have resistant gene to biotype L of Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] larvae. The wheat-rye translocation line (Coker797*4/Hamlet) was also known to be resistant to biotype L of Hessian fly larvae. We analysed a set of 96 ESTs from the wheat-rye translocation line (2BS/2RL). ESTs were classified by various physiological processings, such as primary metabolism, secondary metabolism, transcription, translation, transport, signal transduction, defense, transposable element, and others. Three sequences encoding thioredoxin peroxidase, 26S rRNA, and rubisco small subunits were homologous to registered genes in rye. Although limited number of clones were used to develop ESTs, these clones and their sequence information may be useful for researchers studying general physiology and molecular biology on the translocation line.

To investigate kernel hardness, a compression test which is widely used to measure the hardness of individual kernels as a physical testing method was made simultaneously with the measurement of friabilin (15KDa) which is strongly associated with kernel hardness and was recently developed as a biochemical marker for evaluating kernel hardness in 79 Korean wheat varieties and experimental lines. With the scattered diagram based on the principal component analysis from the parameters of the compression test, 79 Korean wheat varieties were classified into three groups based on the principal component analysis. Since conventional methods required large amount of flour samples for analysis of friabilin due to the relatively small amount of friabilin in wheat kernels, those methods had limitations for quality prediction in wheat breeding programs. An extraction of friabilin from the starch of a single kernel through cesium chloride gradient centrifugation was successful in this experiment. Among 79 Korean wheat varieties and experimental lines 50 lines (63.3%) exhibited a friabilin band and 29 lines (36.7%) did not show a friabilin band. In this study, lines that contained high maximum force and the lower ratio of minimum force to maximum force showed the absence of the friabilin band. Identification of friabilin, which is the product of a major gene, could be applied in the screening procedures of kernel hardness. The single kernel analysis system for friabilin was found to be an easy, simple and effective screening method for early generation materials in a wheat breeding program for quality improvement.