To select fruit trees suitable for shaded urban garden with Elaeagnus umbellata var. coreana, Malus domestica 'Alps Otome', Malus domestica 'Fujii', Prunus mume, Prunus persica for. persica, Rubus fructicosus, and Vaccinium corymbosum 'Reka', leaf growth in response to different light was investigated two years after 35% shade treatment. Leaf area of E. umbellata var. coreana, M. domestica 'Alps Otome', P. mume, P. persica for. persica, and V. corymbosum 'Reka' increased in shading. Fresh weight of leaves make inconsistent response to shading in every species but dry weight of E. umbellata var. coreana and P. persica for. persica showed the highest 150% and 148%, increment, respectively. Althought leaf water content of E. umbellata var. coreana decreased in shading, there is no difference in P. persica for. persica. Chlorophyll value of E. umbellata var. coreana and P. persica for. persica that showed higher than any other species is correlated with dark leaf green. Compared to specific leaf weight of E. umbellata var. coreana, P. persica for. persica, and V. corymbosum 'Reka' showed lower than any other species in shading, that of M. domestica 'Fujii', and R. fructicosus increased in reverse. These results indicate that E. umbellata var. coreana and P. persica for. persica that showed high value in several invesetigaton items are suitable for shady urban condition considering leaf growth in response to shading.

This study investigated the background thoughts and geographical characteristics of the trees planted in Soswaewon garden located in Damyang, Jeollanam-do, South Korea. This study also investigated the tree species in the early years of the garden and their chronological changes. The number of trees planted in Soswaewon garden is presently 135 in 22 species, which consists of 107 arboreals in 15 species and shrubs in 7 species. Tree species which showed high frequency rates were Zelkova serrata, Lagerstroemia indica, Acer palmatum, Sophora japonica and Rhododendron indicum. The background thoughts of these trees were Feng Shui, Yin Yang, and Confucianism for Zelkova serrata; Shin-sun, Taoism, and Confucianism for Lagerstroemia indica; Confucianism for Acer palmatum; Shin-sun, Taoism, and Confucianism for Sophora japonica. Rhododendron indicum was planted just for decoration without any particular background thoughts. In exploring geographical characteristics, all of 5 trees species were found to grow well everywhere in southern regions of Korea, especially in maritime climate of the south west coasts. Literature survey revealed the tree species planted in the early years of the garden. Back in 1548 when Soswaewon was first established, there were 11 tree species growing, then 12 species in 1755, 28 species in 1983, 23 species in 1999, and 24 species in 2012. At present, there are 22 tree species growing in Soswaewon garden.

The Tree of apartment building is important to achieve a sustainable design for urban environment and to increase residental satisfaction. This study presents the solar shading effect of trees for multi-layer planting. The site for field test is located in Junju, Korea. Four main factors, daylight, illumination, temperature and relative humidity for planting, is tested for 3 months from June to August. Results from the field test are as following; The highest value to block the sunlight is at mean 553.1 W/m2 in shading space under Prunus serrulata var. spontanea, that height is 8.3 m and crown diameter is 6.7 m and The lowest of that is at mean 253.8 W/m2 under Malus prunifolia (willd.) Borkh. The difference of temperature between sunshine space and shade one ranged from 0.6°C to 6.7°C because of tree in Summer. The results shows that solar shading effect of trees can be used to estimate the change of plant growth condition for ground cover planting.

Tamra' was selected in Jeju in 1997 and its open-pollinated progenies were proliferated at the Korea Forest Research Institute in Suwon, Kyungkido. Stability of genetic characteristics was evaluated from 2001 to 2004. The progenies were annually managed with transplanting and 5 to 6 times in weeding. Leaves, flowers, branches and growth characteristics on selected trees were investigated. Results of morphological characteristics showed that 'Tamra' has simple flower in open type of flower and funnel shape in flower type. It has flower diameter of 100.0 mm that is relatively very large as compared with contrastive cultivar, 'Chilbo'. The petal is slightly folded as compared with contrastive cultivar and its eye zone is not spread. Leaf type is in oval shape, and leaf length and width are short (47.1 mm) and narrow (23.8 mm), respectively. Leaf width to width of leaf shoulder ratio having 1.5 is much wider as compared with contrastive cultivar having 1.4. Thickness of leaf, gloss of leaf and density of branch are all medium. Quantity of bloom is in normal condition and changes in the number of flowers by seasons are small, also, its blossom comes into summer. 'Tamra' having large flowers and red color could be useful for a good ornamental and garden tree.