본 연구는 반응성애착장애 유아의 언어 및 놀이발달의 변화과정을 그림책 읽어주기와 놀이참여를 통한 상담자의 개입으로 2018년 6월15일부터 2019년 1월 30일까지 주 2회 총 56회기로 약 7개월여 동안 단일대상으로 탐색연구 하였다. 상담자는 유아의 반응에 일관적이며 수용적인 태도로 자극을 촉진하고, 민감한 반응으로 상호작용하였다. 이에 따른 반응성애착장애 유아의 언어 및 놀이발달 변화과정은 다음과 같이 6단계로 나타났다. 첫째, 자극-불안정 접촉의 혼란스러 운 단계. 둘째, 자극-접촉의 안정의 단계. 셋째, 자극-촉진 수용의 단계. 넷째, 자극-습득 내면화 단계. 다섯째, 자극-표현 변화의 단계. 여섯째, 자극-확장 적 응의 단계로 변화하면서 유아는 일상생활에 적응하며 자신의 세계를 구축하였 다. 이러한 변화의 과정은 반응성애착장애 유아의 부모나 다양한 치료 현장의 상담사, 유아교육현장 교사들에게 개입을 위한 길잡이가 되어줄 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to point out the problems of Korean language policy and education through some phenomena of variation and change in Korean language, and to show how they should go in the future. Since language policy and education are directly related to the status of language, in Chapter 2 we outline the current status and situation of Korean. In Chapter 3, we examine some of the variations and changes in Korean language, which are highly interesting from a social perspective. Based on these results, in Chapter 4, we present the direction of Korean policy and education as ‘rich and just Korean’. So far, the key direction of policy and education for the Korean language has been ‘window-dressing language policy’ and ‘window-dressing language education’. They have attempted to refine Korean by simplifying and abstracting the various language facts and disregarding of the elements that seemed not to be beautiful. The language policy and education caught up in the ‘beautiful Korean’ obsession have lasted for decades in Korean. Now Korean speakers should be liberated from ‘beautiful and pure Korean’ ideology. We should pay more attention to local dialects, North Korean words, slang and buzzwords, and net languages. We need to accept new concepts through contact with other languages. With its diversity, richness, and political correctness, Korean will be able to keep its place firmly in the strong waves of English and grow into an important language of the world.

Reform and opening-up in China brought rapid changes in the society of ethnic Koreans in China. And those changes caused following changes in language identity and language attitude of those ethnic Koreans that eventually led to change in their language use. The present study investigates relation between changes in language identity and language attitude and their language use. The rates that Ethnic Koreans living in Jilin, China consider their mother language to be Korean(Joseon language, South Korean language and North Korean language) are different by their generations. Middle aged and older people tend more to consider Korean as their mother language compared to younger generation. Those two generations, however, showed opposed opinions about the future language they will use. More of older generation predicted that Korean will be rarely used among ethnic Koreans living in China in the future compared to younger generation. The difference of language identity and the attitude to the language across generations was reflected in their actual language use. Older generations use Korean in general.They may borrow Chinese words when they can’t come up with appropriate Korean words or sometimes show code mixing by using Chinese words and sentences while speaking in Korean. In generations younger than middle age, code mixing and code switching are more frequently observed when their conversation topics are Chinese politics and Chinese cultures. The youngest generation mainly uses Chinese and showed code switching most frequently among all generations. The language use observed differently among the generations is reflection of changes in language identity and language attitude.

Human language is an instrument of communication. In studying language change, we must consider the role of social factors in language change. Social class, gender, typically, intrigue language change. Lately, lexical diffusionist also consider the social factors like dialect borrowing, interaction of literary form and speech form. A new trends appear in the name of Socio-historical linguistics, which study the history of language and language change in the relation of social context. In studying history of chinese langauge, we consider the role of social factors, then we will make progress in understanding history of chinese langauge

19세기에 이르러 순수 기악음악이 언어에 비해 사물의 본질을 더 잘 표현해낼 수 있을 것 이라는 사고가 형성되면서, 음악은 가사나 줄거리, 기능성에서 벗어나 독립적 존립이 가능해 졌으며, ‘참된 본질 자체’로서의 예술의 ‘절대성’을 부여받게 되었다. 음악이 음악 외에 무언 가를 ‘표현’할 수 있다는 이러한 사고는 19세기 표제음악 발전의 중요한 출발점이 된다. 특히 이 시기 표제음악 작곡가들은 음악의 표현 대상을 ‘비규정적인 것’(Unbestimmten)에서 ‘규정 적인 것’(Bestimmten)까지 확대시키고자 하였다. 즉 이들은 표현어법을 계속해서 발전시키 다보면 음악도 언어와 마찬가지로 대상을 보다 구체적이고 명확하게 표현할 수 있을 것이라 믿었다. 그리고 리스트의 교향시는 바로 이러한 표제음악의 발전 한 가운데에 위치하고 있 다.