This study compares two representative sundial makers from the mid-latitude regions of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres—the Kang family of late Joseon Korea and James Stewart (1852–1933) of New Zealand—to analyze how their sociocultural backgrounds influenced the structure and function of their sundials. Through a combined analysis of historical literature and surviving artifacts, the research examines both the design principles and the symbolic meanings embodied in these instruments. The findings reveal that the Kang family’s sundials embodied Joseon’s traditional calendrical system and Confucian intellectual heritage, symbolizing state authority and familial status, while also serving practical purposes rooted in a people-centered political philosophy by conveying scientific temporal knowledge to the populace. In contrast, Stewart’s sundials, grounded in the educational and public-oriented traditions of Britain, incorporated international and pedagogical features such as major cities’ time differences in the world, zodiac signs, and time correction table for local time, and were designed for installation in exhibition spaces and gardens to encourage public engagement and promote the dissemination of scientific knowledge. This comparative study demonstrates that sundials functioned not merely as instruments for timekeeping but as scientific and cultural heritage shaped by social institutions and cultural values. Furthermore, it suggests that the study of sundials can be extended beyond the technical history of science to encompass broader cultural and global-historical perspectives.

북위 38도 지역인 백령도와 연천 콩밭에 2020-2021년에 콩나방(Leguminivora glycinivorella) 성충 포획 목적으로 성페로몬 트랩을 설치하였 다. 트랩에는 (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienyl acetate와 tetradecyl acetate의 1:1 조성 미끼를 장치하였다. 트랩에 포획된 나비목 성충들에 대해 시토크 롬 c 산화효소 1 유전자의 염기서열을 분석하였고, 그 결과를 바탕으로 종을 동정하였다. 연천에서는 콩나방으로 동정이 되나 분석 서열에서 서로 평균 3.5%의 유전거리가 있는 두 개의 다른 집단(M과 S)이 동일 포장에서 발생한 것이 관찰되었다. 그중 M 집단은 백령도에서도 발견되었다. 콩나 방 성충은 트랩 운용기간 동안 8월 중순부터 9월 중순 사이에 관찰되었다. 약 40종의 비대상종 수컷 성충들이 트랩에 포획되었고, 그중 잎말이나방 과의 애기잎말이나방족 1종(Grapholitini sp.)과, 흰갈퀴애기잎말이나방(Epiblema foenella)이 우점하였다. 이 결과로 본 연구에 사용한 성페로몬 조성이 콩나방에 대해 종특이성이 높지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

Since maize (Zea mays L.) originated in central and south America, it requires warm climate conditions throughout its growing season. Growth halts when night-time temperatures drop below 10℃, and the plant may die if temperature reach -1.7℃. Thus, temperature should be maintained between 10 and 30℃ from seeding to maturity. The germination temperature for maize should be at least 8-11℃, whit an optimal range 32-34℃. Since temperature significantly affects the germination rate and period, it plays a crucial role in maize growth. In this study, we evaluated the quantity and feed value of 11 major varieties to determine those best suited for maize cultivation as feed in higher latitude, specifically in Democratic People’s of Republic of Korea, below 38 degrees north. A cultivation test was also conducted in Suwon in Republic of Korea, to assess adaptability in areas south of Mt. Suyang. Among the varieties tested, Shinhwangok2 reached silking the fastest, in 65 days, while Gwangpyeongok took the longest at 75 days. The stem length of all varieties exceeded 230 cm. Gwangpyeongok had the tallest stems, while Daanok and Shinhwangok2ho displayed the highest ear ratios. Dacheongok presented the highest values in both dry matter and TDN quantity, with 31,420 kg/ha and 21,66 kg/ha respectively. Pyeonggangok had the highest crude protein content at 8.0%. TDN (%) ranged from 57-68%, with Hwangdaok reaching up to 68%. Based on these findings, Dacheongok and Pyeonggangok appear to be the most suitable varieties for cultivation in terms of both quantity and feed value.

중위도 기압골과 태풍 이동속도와의 상호작용에 대한 예측에서 한국기상청 전구자료동화예측시스템(GDAPS) 모델 바이어스 경향을 알아보기 위해 태풍 산바 사례가 선정되었다. 이 연구는 태풍 분석 및 예측 시스템(TAPS) 및 기상정보시스템-3(COMIS-3)에 저장된 태풍자료로부터 2012년 9월 15일 00UTC로 초기화 된 한국 기상청 GDAPS 분석장과 예측장을 사용하였다. 먼저 해면기압장은 500 hPa 제트구역과 연관하여 중위도 하층 저기압이 발생됨을 보여주었다. 이후 태풍 산바가 중위도 지역으로 들어온 후, 태풍의 이동속도가 증가될 것이라 예측되었다. 특히, 태풍 산바가 9월 17일 00UTC와 06UTC에 전향을 할 시점에 태풍 산바는 중위도 기압골 전면에서 중위도 서풍대와 상호작용을 하였다. 반면, 기상청 GDAPS 해면기압 예측장은 하층 중위도 저기압의 강도를 분석장보다 약하게 예측하였다. 결국 태풍 산바의 이동속도에 영향을 주는 중위도 순환은 분석장보다 느리게 나타났다. 이 순환은 500 hPa에서 제트가 약화됨으로서 증명되었다. 이런 이유로, 기상청 GDAPS 예측장은 태풍 산바가 중위도 기압골과 상호작용함으로써 느린 이동속도의 바이어스를 나타내었다.

We carried out CO survey toward IR-excess clouds using SRAO 6-m telescope in search of molecular H2. These clouds, which show far-infrared excess over what is expected from HI column density, are considered to be candidates of molecular clouds. In order to find new high Galactic latitude clouds, we made mapping observations for 14 IR-excess clouds selected from Reach et al.(1998) in 12CO J = 1 - 0 line, supplementing the similar survey in southern hemisphere (Onishi et al. 2001). 12CO emission is detected from three IR-excess clouds among 14 objects. Three newly detected clouds exhibit somewhat clumpy morphology and column densities amount to ~ 1021 cm-2. One of three clouds, DIR120-28, show discrepancy between IR-excess center and CO emission center. It seems that IR-excess may not be an effective tracer of molecular gas. Instead, optical depth(τ) excess, i.e., IR-excess corrected for temperature dependence, may be more effective tracer of molecular clouds, since, by combining statistics from both hemispheres, we found that the detection rate is higher for IR-excess clouds with lower dust temperature.