Since maize (Zea mays L.) originated in central and south America, it requires warm climate conditions throughout its growing season. Growth halts when night-time temperatures drop below 10℃, and the plant may die if temperature reach -1.7℃. Thus, temperature should be maintained between 10 and 30℃ from seeding to maturity. The germination temperature for maize should be at least 8-11℃, whit an optimal range 32-34℃. Since temperature significantly affects the germination rate and period, it plays a crucial role in maize growth. In this study, we evaluated the quantity and feed value of 11 major varieties to determine those best suited for maize cultivation as feed in higher latitude, specifically in Democratic People’s of Republic of Korea, below 38 degrees north. A cultivation test was also conducted in Suwon in Republic of Korea, to assess adaptability in areas south of Mt. Suyang. Among the varieties tested, Shinhwangok2 reached silking the fastest, in 65 days, while Gwangpyeongok took the longest at 75 days. The stem length of all varieties exceeded 230 cm. Gwangpyeongok had the tallest stems, while Daanok and Shinhwangok2ho displayed the highest ear ratios. Dacheongok presented the highest values in both dry matter and TDN quantity, with 31,420 kg/ha and 21,66 kg/ha respectively. Pyeonggangok had the highest crude protein content at 8.0%. TDN (%) ranged from 57-68%, with Hwangdaok reaching up to 68%. Based on these findings, Dacheongok and Pyeonggangok appear to be the most suitable varieties for cultivation in terms of both quantity and feed value.

본 연구는 논과 밭에서 재배한 18개 사일리지용 옥수수 품종들 의 생육특성, 수량성 및 사료 가치를 비교 분석하기 위하여 수행하 였다. 논과 밭에서 출사일수는 조숙종인 신황옥이 78일로 가장 짧 았고, 강다옥이 92일로 가장 길었다. 그리고 논과 밭의 출사 일수 차이는 조숙종(6일)보다 중 ․ 만생종(10일)에서 더 크게 차이가 발생 하는 것을 확인하였다. 간장은 논에서 재배한 옥수수가 밭보다 5~10% 감소하였지만, 착수고율은 10~15% 증가되는 경향을 보여 주었다. 그러나 도복과 후기녹체성은 논과 밭에서의 큰 차이를 보이 지 않았다. 사일리지 사료가치를 증진시키는 옥수수의 암이삭 비율 은 신황옥이 논과 밭에서 55.5%, 47.8%로 가장 높았고, 대부분 품종들은 밭보다 논에서 10~30% 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 이삭길이도 10~25% 감소하였다. 생초수량은 다청옥이 밭에서 65,750 kg/ha, 논에서 33,880 kg/ha로 최고 수량을 보였다. 생초수 량과 유사하게 건물수량도 다청옥이 밭에서 26,910 kg/ha, 논에 서 21,670 kg/ha로, TDN수량은 밭에서 18,040 kg/ha, 논에서 14,390 kg/ha로 최고 수량을 보여주었다. 사일리지용 옥수수의 사 료 가치를 평가하기 위하여 조단백질, 전분을 종실에서 분석한 결 과 논과 밭에서 재배한 품종간의 차이는 보이지 않았다. 그리고 잎과 줄기, 종실을 이용하여 ADF와 NDF 함량을 분석한 결과 잎 과 줄기는 밭에서는 P3394, P1543 같은 수입종이, 논에서 재배할 때는 신광옥, 다안옥 같은 국산품종이 낮을 함량을 가지고 있었다. 또한 종실에서는 밭보다 논에서 ADF와 NDF 함량이 일부 품종에 서 감소하였지만, 대부분 품종에서는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 논과 밭에서 재배한 옥수수 품종들의 사료 가치는 큰 차이 를 보이지 않으므로, 배수 관리 등을 통해 생육을 정상적으로 재배 한다면 논에서의 옥수수 수량성을 확보 할 수 있다고 판단된다

옥수수의 내습성은 우리나라 옥수수 재배면적 확대와 자급률 향상을 위해 고려되어야 할 중요한 요소 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 내습성 옥수수 계통 개발을 위한 기초 연구로서, 토양의 표면침수조건에서 변화하는 옥수수 뿌리의 대사체를 분석하여 옥수수의 내습성 관련 생리 기작을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 우리나라 옥수수 유전자원(Zea mays L.)과 야생종 옥수수(Zea mays spp. parviglumis) 간 교배를 통하여 내습성이 향상된 계통을 개발했고, 그 중 19KT-32P를 유묘단계(V3)에 7일 동안 침수시킨 후 뿌리에서 발현되는 대사체를 탐색하고 분석하였다. 총 180개 대사체가 확인되었 고, 그 중에서 ℽ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), putrescine, citrulline, Gly, Ala 등 8개 대사체는 각각 2.5배 이상 발현이 증가 또는 감소하였다. 확인된 대사체는 식물에서 pH, 삼투압, K+/Ca++ 및 ATPase 활성을 조절하는 비생물적 스트레스와 관련이 있었다. 특히 가장 발현이 높은 GABA는 glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 효소에 의해 축적되며, 본연구에서 분석한 결과 10개의 유전자형이 확인되었다. 특히 첫 번째 엑손은 매우 보존적이었지만, 두번째 엑손부터 많은 SNP 다형성이 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 앞으로 내습성 옥수수 선발을 위한 분자마커로 활용되어 육종 효율을 높이는 좋은 수단으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

The new businesses started by the companies usually results in being unsuccessful. The main reasons for that are either aiming targeting wrong customers, unsatisfaction of customers’ requesting quality standards, or taking wrong actions against the competitors in the market. Therefore, companies should aim the targets for the newly developing products based on the fulfilling values for the customers when they start the new businesses, and should take good cares for risk managements at the each step of the new business to prevent the failure in advance. In addition to that, the companies starting new businesses not only need to take the customers attributes (CA) into account, but they also should apply the new technologies as one system to initiate a new business to satisfy the basic wants of the customers. This article suggests the New Product Development Pursuing Model using the Indicative Planning methodology and the Quality Management tools. The New Product Development Pursuing Model would be completed by the following steps as below; 1. Drawing the CTQ (Critical To Quality) for setting up the new product development objectives by : i) using the VOC (Voice Of Customers) obtained by the QFD (Quality Function Deploypment) if the market is mature, ii) applying AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) to information in the QIS (Quality Information System) if the market is unmature to get enough need information of the customers. 2. Risk Management in NPD : The NPD pursuing model consisted of the IP (indicative planning) is suggested not by the process of top-down-way mandatory planning process, but by the tools used in the administrative science and economic fields, namely by governance. The companies could apply innovative methodology for new products development processes to fulfil the customers satisfaction in the fields, through the CA (Contingency Approach) of the NPD (New Product Development) process.

경영환경변화와 경쟁환경이 가속화 되면서 고객만족의 개념이 점차 고도화 되어 고객의 요구사항이 시시각각으로 변하고 있다. 고객만족경영을 통해 고객에 대한 품질, 원가, 납기에 대한 우위를 점하기 위해서는 정보의 가치를 극대화해서 의사결정에 반영하여야 한다. 고객의 요구는 고객의 언어로 정성적이고 모호한 특성으로 고객 스스로도 자신의 요구를 정확 하게 표현하지 못하는 경우도 존재한다. 따라서 연구에서는 품질정보시스템 데이터베이스에 축적된 정보를 AHP를 이용하여 공정 담당자의 경험과 직관을 활용하여 급변하는 고객의 요구를 신속하게 추가함으로써 공정의 중요한 관리항목을 선정하는 방법을 제시한다.

This study was conducted in order to investigate the antioxidant capabilities and quality characteristics of instant porridge made of foxtail millet (Setaria italica Beauv.) from different varieties with different endosperm characteristics and processing using different methods. The two foxtail millet varieties used in this study were waxy foxtail millet, ‘Samdachal’, and non-waxy foxtail millet, ‘Samdame’. The means of processing food to create instant porridge were dry cereal frying, wet cereal frying, freeze drying after steaming, popping, and no treatment. The WAI (water absorption index) of instant porridge made of waxy foxtail millet was higher than that of non-waxy foxtail millet, and popping created the highest WAI among the treatments tested. Whean we analyzed RVA characteristics of non-waxy foxtail millet instant porridge, peak viscosity and setback values were decreased in all processed foxtail millet instant porridge compared to non-waxy foxtail millet instant porridge. In waxy foxtail instant porridge, the peak and final viscosities of processed treated instant porridge increased. The viscosity just after pouring hot water into the instant porridge was higher in waxy foxtail millet porridge treated by freeze drying after steaming, popping, and wet cereal frying; the viscosity of non-waxy foxtail porridge was increased after popping as compared with the other treatments. The polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities were increased in all processed, treated-instant porridge except for freeze dried porridge after steamingnt. The popping treatment showed the highest polyphenol contents (1.5 fold), and ABTS antioxidant activity (1.2 fold), compared to no treatment. Non-waxy foxtail millet porridge produced by popping earned the highest sensory evaluation scores.

The development of mobile communication technology is transforming the market of mobile communication devices, which is used to be merely for simple communication, into the one which offers features of personal digital assistant (PDA), fax communica- tion and Internet access. Unlike a mobile phone which comes out as a complete package and whose functions cannot be changed, a smart phone can be upgraded by its user, adding or removing apps as he pleases. OS’s of smart phones are iOS-based Apple, Google Android, Window Mobile, and others. Due to its convenience and powerful features, many people use smart phones its high price. On the other hand, consumer complaints are rising on poor A/S for occasional malfunction. This study analyzes how A/S cases can be classified into groups according to quality factors. We evaluate factors such as consumer impression and consumer satisfaction. By dual quality evaluation using KANO method, we would like to show the different A/S strategy for smart phones, compared with mobile phones.

In recent years, anti-PID (Potential Induced Degradation) technologies have been studied and developed at various stages through- out the solar value chain from solar cells to systems in an effort to enhance long-term reliability of the photovoltaics (PV) system. Such technologies and applications must bring in profits economically for both manufacturers of solar cell/module and investors of PV systems, simultaneously for the development of the PV industry. In this study two selected anti-PID technologies, ES (modification of emitter structure) and ARC (modification of anti-reflective coating) were compared based on the economic features of both a cell maker with 60MW production capacity and an investor of 1MW PV power plant. As a result of this study, it is shown that ARC anti-PID technology can ensure more profits over ES technology for both the cell manufacturer and the investor of PV power plant.

In recent years, there has been developed anti-PID technologies(Potential Induced Degradation) in various levels from solar cell to module and to system to enhance of the long life reliability of photovoltaics(PV) system. Such technologies must economically ensure profits for both manufacturers of solar cells and investors of PV system simultaneously for PV industry development. This paper describes a comparison between and selection from two anti-PID technologies in the solar cell level, ES(modification of emitter structure) and ARC(modification of anti-reflective coating) based on the economic features of anti-PID solar cell production system with 60MW capacity for a solar cell maker and a 1MW PV power plant installed with PV modules using anti-PID solar cells. From the comparison between ES and ARC, it is shown that ARC anti-PID technology can make more profit for both a solar cell maker and a PV power plant investor.

Two sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench cv. Hwanggeumchal-susu and Miryang 3) samples were milled using different milling methods, and their physicochemical properties were tested. Particle size was classified into five groups such as pin mill and low temperature-microparticulation(LTM; 10, 000, 20, 000, 30, 000, and 40, 000 rpm). The water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index(WSI), and a rapid Visco analyzer(RVA) were used to examine particle size distribution and color differences. Particle size of sorghum flour prepared using LTM was lower than that prepared using a pin mill. Particle size was further reduced by successive dry milling of the LTM flour. Lightness of colored pigments increased when particle size decreased. The WAI of Miryang 3 pin milling(M1) flour was the lowest after LTM, and WSI was higher in the order of M2, M3, M4, and M5. LTM sorghum flour had significantly higher pasting viscosity, as determined using a rapid Visco analyzer. LTM Miryang 3 sorghum flour(M2～M5) flour showed lower breakdown viscosity and higher final viscosity compared to those of M1 flour, resulting in an increased setback value.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the appearance, sensory and physicochemical characteristics of muffin added glutinous(GSP) and non-glutinous sorghum powder(NGSP). As increasing the amounts of sorghum powder, proximate (moisture, ash and protein) and minerals composition(K, Ca, Mg and Na) of muffin were significant difference. The weight, volume, height, lightness(L-value) and yellowness(b-value) were decreased as increasing the amounts of sorghum powder. In the results of sensory evaluation, appearance, color, flavor, taste, texture and overall quality of untreated muffin were 1.4, 1.6, 1.4, 1.0, 1.1 and 0.9, and muffin added 10% GSP and NGSP were scored relatively high. Antioxidant compounds contents of muffin added sorghum powder were increased as increasing the amounts of sorghum powder. DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities on methanolic extracts of untreated muffin were 0.74 and 1.31 ㎎ TE/g ER, respectively. DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities of 100% GSP muffin were 9.40 and 19.14 ㎎ TE/g ER, and 100% NGSP muffin were 10.59 and 18.78 ㎎ TE/g ER, respectively. The results of this study show that notable antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity on muffin added sorghum powder are considered to have significant health benefits.

1. 얼룩찰1호의 재식밀도별 이삭 특성은 4,700주/10a의 재식밀도에서 이삭길이와 개당이삭중이 양호하였으며 착립장률, 10a당 상품이삭수와 이삭중이 높아 수량성과 상품화율이 높았다. 2. 흑진주찰은 4,700주/10a의 재식밀도에서 이삭길이, 착립장률이 양호하였고, 가장 높은 상품지수를 나타내었다. 3. 얼룩찰1호는 출사 후 26일에 이삭특성과 상품형질이 좋게 나타났으며 식미검정에서도 외관, 질감, 맛 등에서 높은 기호도를 보였다. 4. 흑진주찰은 수확시기에 따라 이삭특성과 상품성이 크게 차이가 없었으나 식미검정에서 출사 후 23일에 수확한 옥수수에서 맛과 질감이 우수하였고, 외관과 색에 대한 선호도는 출사 후 27일에 높은 선호도를 보였다. 전체적인 기호도는 출사후 27일에 수확한 옥수수가 가장 높았다.

‘Daname’ is a foxtail millet(Setaria italica Beauv.) variety developed and registered by Department of Southern Area Crop Science, NICS, RDA in 2014. This variety which collected from IT252182 was developed through pure line selection. ‘Daname’ is a early-maturing variety having 100 days of growth period from seeding to harvesting in Milyang of Korea. The culm length is about 97 cm which is 20cm shorter culm length than standard variety ‘Hwanggeumjo’, and it showed tolerant to lodging in field. The panicle shape is a cylindrical and the length is about 19cm. According to the grain, seed color and dehusked grain colors are orange and yellow and endosperm characteristic is non-glutinous. The yield performance of this variety was about 3.81 t ha-1 in local adaptability test from 2013 to 2014 and it showed similar with standard variety ‘Hwanggeumjo’. As the addition amount of ‘Daname’ in rice increased from 0% to 30% and 100%, the antioxidant ability of ‘Daname’ added rice and hardness/stickiness balances were increased. But we could not find out the difference of hardness/stickiness balances between 0%and 10% addition. So, 10% addition amount was concluded to increase antioxidant ability regardless eating quality of cooked rice. (Variety registration No. 6243)

The sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) variety ‘Sodamchal’ was developed and registered by Department of Sothern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2013. This variety was developed from the cross between ‘Hwanggeumchal’ with brown grain and ’Jungmo4001’ with semi-dwarf trait. ‘Sodamchal’ is the first semi-dwarf stature with waxy endosperm ever developed in Korea. The yield performance of ‘Sodamchal’ was 2.95 MT/ha in local adaptability test for 2 years. It had 91 cm culm length, which was 58 cm shorter than that of ‘Hwanggeumchal’, 26.3 cm panicle length, 22.0 mm thickness of culm, 21.1 g in 1,000 grain weight. It could be reduce the lodging problem and also adapted to mechanized cultivation. ‘Sodamchal’ produces high quantities of polyphenol and radical scavenging activitiy with diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) in pigmented testa. Above all ‘Sodamchal’ is suitable for use as a parental source for the development of improved pollinator parent lines for developing semi-dwarf sorghum with waxy endosperm and antioxidant activity. (Variety registration No. 6244)

‘Nampungchal’ is a Sorghum bicolor L. developed and registered by Department of Sothern area crop science, NICS, RDA in 2012. This variety was developed through pure line breeding method from ‘Namhae’ landrace. ‘Nampungchal’ is a medium maturing variety having 68 days from planting to heading of sorghum in Miryang, Korea. The plant is pigmented (purple), the glumes and grains are red-brown with waxy endosperm. The panicle has less compact shape and the length is 23 cm. The grain yield of ‘Nampungchal’ is about 2.28MT/ha that is higher 9%, when compared with standard variety ‘Hwanggeumchal’. Culm length and width are about 142 cm and 20.2 cm, respectively. It could be reduce the lodging problem by thicker stems and also adapted to mechanized cultivation. ‘Nampungchal’ does produce high quantities of polyphenol and tannin contents with DPPH radical scavenging activity in pigmented testa. The object of this breeding program is improvement for mechanized production with high yield potential, lodging resistant, and responsive to favorable environmental conditions.