The aims of this study were to measure the ultrasonographic biometry of genitalia of the indigenous rams and observe the relationship of biometry on semen parameters. The epididymal volume was significantly reduced (p < 0.01) after semen collection compared with before collection for both left and right part in all rams. The cumulative results showed that although there was no significant difference in length, width and volume of epididymis between before and after semen collection, however the values were lower after collection. The epididymal length was significantly correlated with epididymal volume (p < 0.01), semen motility (p < 0.05) and semen morphology (p < 0.01). Epididymal width was only significantly correlated with epididymal volume (p < 0.01) not with the semen parameters. Epididymal volume had a significant correlation only with semen morphology (p < 0.01).The scrotal circumference had the significant correlation with semen density, mass activity, concentration and motility (p < 0.01). The epididymis had the similar or slightly increased echogenicity as compared to the normal testis. During whole study, some white spots were found on testis which did not affect the semen quantity and quality. Significant variation was observed only for semen concentration and motility among the rams (p < 0.05). The overall normal morphology was 90.5 ± 4.6% with highest percentage of coiled tail abnormalities.

We study galaxies undergoing ram pressure stripping in the Virgo cluster to examine whether we can identify any discernible trend in their star formation activity. We first use 48 galaxies undergoing different stages of stripping based on Hi morphology, Hi deficiency, and relative extent to the stellar disk, from the VIVA survey. We then employ a new scheme for galaxy classification which combines Hi mass fractions and locations in projected phase space, resulting in a new sample of 365 galaxies. We utilize a variety of star formation tracers, which include g - r, WISE [3.4]-[12] colors, and starburstiness that are defined by stellar mass and star formation rates to compare the star formation activity of galaxies at different stripping stages. We find no clear evidence for enhancement in the integrated star formation activity of galaxies undergoing early to active stripping. We are instead able to capture the overall quenching of star formation activity with increasing degree of ram pressure stripping, in agreement with previous studies. Our results suggest that if there is any ram pressure stripping induced enhancement, it is at best locally modest, and galaxies undergoing enhancement make up a small fraction of the total sample. Our results also indicate that it is possible to trace galaxies at different stages of stripping with the combination of Hi gas content and location in projected phase space, which can be extended to other galaxy clusters that lack high-resolution Hi imaging.

The effects of the number of frozen-thawed ram sperm per single and double intra-cervical artificial insemination (AI) on fertility in ewes were studied. A total of 89 non-pregnant ewes were synchronized for oestrus with two doses of 100 μg PGF2α (Cloprostenol) 9 days apart. The ewes were randomly assigned to one of four groups; D200 (n = 23; double AI with 200 × 106 sperm), S200 (n = 24; single AI with 200 × 106 sperm), D100 (n = 24; double AI with 100 × 106 sperm) and S100 (n = 18; single AI with 100 × 106 sperm). Ewes were inseminated within 12 to 18 h for single AI and, within 10 to 12 h and 16 to 18 h for double AI after the onset of oestrus. The onset of oestrus ranged from 28 to 76 h (54.33 ± 1.28 h). The high percentage (29.2%) of ewes showed oestrus between 51 to 60 h. The non-return rates were highest in group D200 (56.5%) and differed significantly (p < 0.05) from group S100 (11.1%). No ewes were pregnant in group S100, and the pregnancy rates among the remaining groups did not differ. The mean gestation period was 152.8 ± 0.5 days and no difference was observed among the groups. The lambing and multiple birth rates were 100% in group D200. The single and twin lambing was highest in group D100 (33.3%) and group D200 (83.3%), respectively. Only one triplet lambing and the highest lambing size (2.2 ± 0.2) was recorded in group D200. In conclusion, double AI with 200 × 106 sperm showed comparatively most practical for achieving high pregnancy rates and lambing performances in Bangladeshi ewes under field conditions.

It is difficult to apply the ram target value setting methods of the conventional weapon system to a large combined weapon system such as a submarine. The current study presents the case of weapon system development and suggests a new way to improve the setting and verification methods of ram target value of the submarine through critical review of the case. The submarine, unlike other weapon system, has an operating environment, which reaches all over the world, and its operating and maintenance conditions are different from others. Therefore, the ram target value of the submarine should be set and verified on the basis of mission essential equipment and mission critical equipment, not of all the constituent components.

In order to consider application and evaluation of value and class of domestic wetland, we investigated 146 wetlands located Gyeongsangnam-do using Rapid Assessment Method (RAM). We utilized Self-Organizing-Map (SOM) to analysis relationship between evaluation index and land coverage ratio surrounding wetland. Among total 8 evaluation index, ‘Fish and herptile habitat’ and ‘Aesthetic value’ were higher, most of the wetlands evaluated as 2, 3 grade. Result of SOM analysis, ‘vegetation diversity and wild animals habitat’ is negatively related to the ‘Fish and herptile habitat’, because fishs were not prefer habitat excessively occupied by plant. However, high vegetation diversity can be support high score of ‘Aesthetic’ in wetland. Also, ‘Erosion control’ and ‘Flood storage and control’ were closely related, wetlands with high score of ‘Erosion control’ have high score of ‘Flood storage and control’. When applied RAM in domestic wetland, six out of 6 evaluation index induced biased results, the index of RAM need a little change as some new or modify evaluation index. Therefore, we consider to need adjustable, subdivide, and actualization of some evaluation index for application of RAM in domestic wetlands. Consequently, wetland assessment and class using RAM can be utilized as important indicate for conservation and management of wetland, and contributed greatly to maintain biodiversity include to endangered species by preserving remaining wetland.

우리나라 저작권법상 ‘복제’의 범위와 관련하 여 ‘일시적 복제’의 인정여부에 관한 견해의 대립 은 한⋅미 FTA의 체결로 인하여 저작권법이 개 정되면서 ‘일시적 복제’를 ‘복제’로 명문으로 인정 함에 따라 입법적으로 해결되었다. 또한 ‘일시적 복제’를 저작권법에서 명문으로 ‘복제’로서 인정 함과 동시에 컴퓨터에서 저작물을 이용하는 경우 에 발생하는 일시적 복제에 대하여는 저작재산권 이 제한되는 것으로 규정하여 저작권자와 이용자 의 이해관계를 조화시키고자 하였다. 이와 관련하여 최근 컴퓨터프로그램저작물의 복제권 침해를 주장한 사건에서는 컴퓨터프로그 램의 설치 이후 그 ‘실행’ 과정에서 컴퓨터의 램 (RAM)에서 일시적 복제의 발생여부 및 이와 관련된 저작재산권 제한사유의 적용여부가 쟁점이 되었다. 제1심과 항소심의 결론이 일치하지 않는 데, 이는 컴퓨터에서 저작물을 이용하기 위하여 등장한 디지털 저작물의 실행원리와 밀접하게 연 관되어 있다. 한편, 미국에서는 일찍이 미국 저작권법상 저 작물의 성립요건 중의 하나인 ‘고정’ 요건과 관련 하여 ‘수록 요건’ 및 ‘시간 요건’을 논함에 있어 서, 컴퓨터의 램(RAM)에서 발생하는 일시적 복 제에 관한 논의가 발달되었다. 구체적으로 MAI Systems Corp. v. Peak Computer, Inc. 사건 이후 형성되어 상당히 오랜 기간 동안 램(RAM) 에서 일어나는 일시적 복제와 관련하여 복제권 침 해를 인정하는 강력한 논거가 된 RAM Copy Doctrine 및 이를 비판하는 견해가 대립하고 있다. 이와 같은 미국의 논의는, 디지털 저작물의 보 급이 확산됨에 따라 컴퓨터에서 저작물을 이용하 는 빈도수도 비례하여 증가하는 현재 대한민국 사회에서 저작권자와 이용자의 상호 대립하는 이 해관계의 조화를 목적으로 하는 우리나라 저작권 법을 해석 및 적용함에 있어서도 살펴볼 가치가 있다.