Kōyōshō and Yakushushō, written by a Buddhist monk of the Shingon school in the late Heian period, Jian Yi, which are used for sacrificial ceremony in Esoteric Buddhism. They are extracted from Chong Guang Bu Zhu Ben Cao, Reading―book for Emperor in XiuWenDian and various buddhist sutras, and copied by Guan You and other monks, truly reflecting stylistic features at that time and having significant research value in literature, language and character. In the process of copying books, sometimes, the content will mutate. These mutations are’t isolated cases, and tend to be systemic. This article discusses the inter-character relationship about 12 groups of regular characters of Kōyōshō and Yakushushō in the Heian period in Japan, and clears out the hidden laws of writing and use of Chinese characters.

Liushu Jingwei is a dictionary of Chinese characters written by Hong Yang-ho at the end of the Joseon Dynasty. Ji Yun of the Qing Dynasty compared this book with Wang Anshi’s Zishuo in the Northern Song Dynasty in his postscript, and gave a high evaluation. Zishuo had long been lost, and people today have a collection of lost works. After a comparative reading, it can be seen that the two books have similarities and differences. A comparative study of Zishuo and Liushu Jingwei will help to further understand the similarities and differences in the interpretation of Chinese and Korean regular characters, and it is also meaningful for the study of the spread of Chinese characters in Korea.

There are many allographs in Sui Tang and 5-Dynasty periods Carved stone Regular script character.This paper is a corpus-based study which chooses and analyzes 9874 allographs extracted from the corpus of Sui Tang and 5-Dynasty periods Carved stone Regular script character for the exploration of its general features.It indicates that, the primary reason of character variation is the variation of the component; the second reason is the variation of the stroke; a distinguishing feature of the allograph is generalizability.