도심지 빌딩에 의한 그림자가 대기경계층에 미치는 영향을 파악하기위하여 위성자료 분석과 수치실험을 실시하였다. 연구에 사용된 위성은 한국다목적위성(KOMSAT-2)의 가시자료이며, 수치모형은 다중반사도 계산을 위한 반사도 계산모형과 지표면 열수지를 계산하기 위한 오레건주립대학교 경계층 모형의 2가지이다. 위성자료 분석에서 고층빌딩이 밀집한 지역은 그렇지 못한 지역에 비하여 반사도가 최대 17% 낮게 산정되었다. 이는 건물의 그림자가 원인으로 작용한다. 그리고 반사도의 일변화는 태양고도에 따라 다르며, 정오에 가장 작은 값을 나타낸다. 건물 밀도가 높은 경우 지표면 온도가 43.5˚C까지 상승하는데 비하여 건물 밀도가 낮은 지역의 경우 지표면 온도는 37.4˚C까지 상승한다. 그러나 높은 빌딩에 따른 기계적 난류에 의하여 반사도에 의한 온도상승이 직접적으로 대기온도상승과 연결되지는 않는다.

The heat budget is investigated in the Gumi Reservoir of the Nakdong river. In warm climate season, solar radiation effects play a important role in the change of water temperature. The features of the surface heat balance are almost derived by the latent heat flux and the solar radiation flux. On the other hand, in cold climate season, change of heat stored in the water is mainly dominated by latent and sensible heat transfer between water and air, since flux of solar radiation and loss of outgoing long wave radiation balance approximately. For the annual averages, net flux of radiation, evaporation(latent heat) loss are dominant in the Gumi reservoir. The evaporation losses are dominant from spring to early winter. This means that the Gumi reservoir rolls like a lake of thermal medium or deep depth.

An one dimensional atmosphere-canopy-soil interaction model is developed to estimate of the heat budget parameter in the atmospheric boundary layer. The canopy model is composed of the three balance equations of energy, temperature, moisture at ground surface and canopy layer with three independent variables of T_f(foliage temperature), T_g(ground temperature), and q_g(ground specific humidity). The model was verified by comparative study with OSUID(Oregon State University One Dimensional Model) proved in HAPEX-MOBILHY experiment. Also we applied this model in two dimensional land-sea breeze circulation. According to the results of this study, surface characteristics considering canopy acted importantly upon the simulation of meso-scale circulation. The factors which used in the numerical experiment are as follows ; the change for a sort of soll(sand and peat), the change for shielding factor, and the change for a kind of vegetation.

Surface heat balance of the northern sea of Cheju Island for summer in 1993 and 1994 is analyzed using the observation data obtained by Marine Research Institute, Cheju National University. Each flux elements at the sea surface is derived from the marine meteorological reports with application of an aerodynamical bulk method for the turbulent heat fluxes, and empirical formulae for the long-wave radiation heat fluxes. The flux divergence of oceanic heat transport and the rate of heat storage in the ocean are estimated as residual. The features of the surface heat balance are mainly decided by the solar radiation flux and the latent heat flux for 1994. But the Bowen Ratios were large for 1993. This means that the sensible heat fluxes were nearly equal to the latent heat fluxes for 1993. In this period, mean flux divergence of oceanic heat transport is about 130 W/㎡.

It is very important to assess accurately the terms which are included in the heat budget equation of soil surface because they are used in the GCM and meso-scale circulation modeling as well as in the micrometeorological studies. Each terms in the heat budget equation change according to the soil moisture content. So, it is necessary to specify clearly the relations between soil moisture content and these terms. Special experiment with ricrometeorological measurements was executed to study these relations at Environmental Research Center of Tsukuba University, Japan. The results are as follow: 1. The soil moisture contents of 1 ㎝ and 4 ㎝ depth are oscillated with one day period in drying process and the amplitude of variation of l cm depth is greater than that of 4 ㎝. 2. Increase in soil moisture contents due to precipitation result in decrease of albedo with step function. 3. Sensible heat is in reverse proportion to the soil moisture content and latent heat is in direct proportion to it. Latent heat is more sensitive than sensible heat according to the soil moisture variation. Net long wave radiation have high correlation with soil moisture. 4. Comparing with the radiative term with the flux term in wetting process due to precipitation, the energy transfer of the aero and thermodynamic flux is greater than that of the radiative heat flux.