인도네시아어의 호칭어를 한국어로 번역하는 과정에서 나타나는 패턴 을 분석하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 호칭어와 번역 사이의 상관관계 는 언어와 문화의 차이를 반영하는 중요한 측면이다. 번역 과정에서 원 어의 뉘앙스와 감정을 효과적으로 전달하기 위해서는 적절한 대상 언어 의 등가어를 선택하는 것이 필수적이다. 본 연구는 수한드라(Suhandra 2014)의 호칭어 분류를 사용하여 인도네시아어 호칭어와 한국어 번역을 분석했다. 이를 통해 인도네시아어에서 한국어로 호칭어를 번역할 때 나 타나는 독특한 패턴과 문제를 파악하고, 이러한 발견을 바탕으로 효과적 인 번역 전략을 제안하였다. 또한 본 연구는 언어학, 번역학, 그리고 문 화 간 커뮤니케이션 분야의 향후 연구에 기여할 수 있는 실질적인 데이 터와 통찰력을 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the usage of address terms for professors by undergraduate and graduate students by the sociolinguistic methodology. To this end, this paper applied an integrated approach that combines quantitative analysis based on the response results of multiple-choice questions in the survey and qualitative interpretation based on the response results of subjective questions in both the survey and the in-depth interview. First, through quantitative analysis of the variation in the use of address terms, it was confirmed that “professor” occupies an overwhelming proportion and that the academic field of the speaker is the most important factor. The higher the intimacy with professors, the more “teacher” was used. Next, through the qualitative interpretation of the reason and meaning of using their choice of address terms, the most basic and superficial reason was to follow the experiences and customs in the affiliated community. The use of “professor” had some reasons or meanings such as meeting courtesy and expectations, highlighting privileged status, and equal respect for all the faculty members, whereas “teacher” was used as an expression of intimacy.

팬(fan)은 특정한 저작물이나 아이돌과 같은 스타 등을 열광적으로 좋아하면서 팬덤(fandom) 을 형성한다. 팬덤은 자율적이고 자치적인 불문율을 가지고 있으며, 성숙한 팬덤 문화가 점차 강조 되는 추세이다. 팬아트는 크게 두 가지 유형으로 창작된다. 첫째, 특정한 저작물을 원작으로 창작되는 경우로 팬아트는 원저작물의 2차적 저작물인 동시에 그 자체로 독립된 저작물에 해당한다. 이때 원작의 저작권 침해 문제는 팬아트의 목적과 비상업적 성격에 비추어, 공정이용 항변에 의해 방어될 수 있다. 한편 팬아트 작가가 다른 팬아트의 저작권을 침해하는 경우, 원작의 저작권자가 팬아트의 저작권을 침해하는 경우, 기타 팬아트의 저작권 침해가 문제 되는 경우에는 법적 책임뿐만 아니라 윤리적 비난가능성 또한 고려하여 판단해야 할 것이다. 둘째, 팬아트가 실존 인물을 대상으로 창작되는 경우로 그 대상 인물의 명예를 훼손하거나 인격권을 침해할 수 있다. 예를 들어 최근 논란이 된 알페스(Real Person Slash, RPS)에 의한 성적 대상화 문제나 딥페이크나 딥보이스 등의 인공지능 기술을 이용하여 특정 인물의 얼굴을 포르노 등 배우에게 덧입혀 만드는 음란물 이 바로 그것이다. 국내외적으로 심각한 문제로 지적되면서, 국내에서도 기존의 형사적 처벌과 민사적 손해배상책임뿐만 아니라 특별법을 제정함으로써 처벌을 강화해야 한다는 주장이 제기된다. 팬아트에 의한 권리가 침해되었다고 하여 법적으로 조치하는 것이 과연 실효성이 있을지 미지수이다. 형사적 처벌은 절차적으로나 실체적으로 한계가 있다. 오히려 콘텐츠/엔터테인먼트 기업이 팬덤 시장을 겨냥하여 사전에 성적 대상화를 기획하는 경우도 있다. 무엇보다 팬덤은 기본적으로 원작이나 대상 인물을 좋아하는 집단이므로 권리 침해가 발생하더라도 적극적으로 법적 조치를 할만한 실익이 없다는 지적도 분명 일리가 있다. 본고에서는 팬덤 문화 내에서 불문율처럼 존재 하는 팬아트 관련 자치규범을 파악하고, 이를 약관으로 성문화하여 플랫폼에 가입하는 팬들에게 적용할 수 있는 활용 방안을 모색한다. 이때, 팬아트의 저작권 침해, 명예훼손 내지 인격권 등 기타 권리침해 문제를 유형화하여 등급표시를 하는 방안으로 ‘팬아트 커먼즈 라이선스(Fan Art Commons License, FACL)’를 제안한다. 팬아트 창작 관련 약관을 마련하면 팬으로서는 무엇이 원작이나 대상 인물의 권리를 침해하는 것인지에 대해 예상 가능한 지침을 얻을 수 있다. 팬아트 약관이 저작권법상 온라인서비스제공자나 정보통신망법상 정보통신서비스 제공자에 의한 통지 및 게시중단 절차와 결합하는 것 또한 적절한 대응 방안이 된다. 팬아트 작가는 권리침 해의 가능성이 있는 창작활동에 대해 예상할 수 있고, 궁극적으로 원작 또는 실존 인물의 권리, 팬아트 작가의 권리 등을 아울러 판단함으로써 팬아트 문화의 법적 성숙도가 마련될 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the term ‘agassi’ by analyzing the pattern of actual language use of it in the aspect of sociolinguistic perspective. Through this work, it will be possible to figure out the change of meaning of the ‘agassi’, and the causes of conflict situations of using it in modern society. In chapter 2, the difference between ‘agassi’ as an address term and as a reference term is represented. Chapter 3 shows the chronicle change in the use of ‘agassi’ being originated from its etymology, ‘agissi’. It turns out that the use of ‘agassi’ has evolved for in the order of Honorific form, kinship and Non-Honorific form. Chapter 4 investigates the tendency and its cause of the negative interpretation of ‘agassi’ in modern society. The reason why the address term ‘agassi’ causes social displeasure is because it is regarded as ‘sexual objectification’. It can be subdivided into three categories: ‘agassi’ is (1) the expression that emphasis sex in social life, (2) associated with specific occupational groups which is socially unacceptable, and (3) used often in the situation of sexual harassment.

Terms of address and honorifics have been dealt with importantly in the sociolinguistic studies in Korea. The purpose of this paper is to examine the results of sociolinguistic research focusing on the Korean address forms. We look at the main flows and characteristics of the studies, and then review the representative research dividing them into several subtypes. Based on these discussions, we present the direction for the sociolinguistic study of address forms. The sociolinguistic study of address forms in Korea has been in full swing since the 1990s. Recently, there have been increasing attempts to study the use of address form independently from honorifics, and the social awareness of the importance of address forms in Korean use has increased. While early sociolinguistic studies of address forms focused on family titles, there have been many studies on status titles, address forms in internet space, and comparisons between Korean and other languages’ address forms. By studying the address forms from a sociolinguistic point of view and method, we could achieve the qualitative development more clearly than the previous studies that were carried out by identifying and structuring the list of titles. This article reveals the various usages of titles in the social context, and grasp the speaker's intentions, strategies, and conflicts related to the use of them. However, there have been some issues that need to be paid attention to or resolved in future research.

The purpose of this paper is to compare how the South and North Korean press used the terms of address and honorifics for the leaders of the two Koreas. We analyze the press reports related to the three inter-Korean summits in 2018 and the Panmunjeom meeting among the leaders of two Koreas and USA in 2019. We focused on the data of address terms and honorifics for President Moon Jae-in and Kim Jong-un used by the South Korean and North Korean newspapers. Specifically, we looked at the difference in usages between the South Korean newspapers and North Korea's newspaper Rodong Sinmun, the difference in usages between the Hankyoreh and Chosun Ilbo in South Korea, and the difference in usages between the 2000 and 2018 inter-Korean summits. Through this analysis and discussion, we can clearly see that many factors affect the use of language in the media, such as the political system of the two Koreas, the political attitude of the two South Korean media toward North Korea, and the age of the top leaders of North Korea.

This research critically analyzes terms of address and reference used between boyfriends and girlfriends to reveal hidden ideologies embedded in the everyday language. The analysis is base d on the Discourse-Historical Approach, focusing on the lexical choice of language users. The terms of address and reference used in romantic relationships is collected through web cartoon data and categorized according to the social distance and social status they signal. The analysis reveals that couples use asymmetric type of terms of address and reference to each other and all of the asymmetric sets put men in a more dominant position; While ”o-ppa” is a common choice to refer to a boyfriend, “nu-na” is never used to a girlfriend. In addition, men tend to use “o-ppa” to show powerful and tough personalities while women tend to use their own name to infantilize themselves. Through the critical analysis of this everyday language this study reveals that the gender inequality can be established at the stage of romantic relationships.

This paper aims to examine the usage of terms of address which are used among navy officers' wives. Military society is a typical 'rank-based' society. Therefare the members abide by the order based entirely on the rank structure. We can find this phenomenon in the usage of terms of address among officers' wives. They consider seniority of their husbands more significant than solidarity and age relationship with one another. Thus, the wives distinguish the term of address 'samonim' for the wives whose husbands are senior to own husbands by more than 3 years and 'seonbaenim' for the wives whose husbands are senior to their husbands by 1 or 2 years. The important thing here is that they have to use these kinds of terms of address even though the other party is of the same age or younger than them. If wives failed to do so, they will be in a big trouble. This phenomenon seems to take place because of military society's rank-based culture and its distinctive residence culture. An adequate plan for the usage of terms of address among navy officers' wives is needed. This study can be used as useful data for such an effort.