최근 다중검출기 CT의 보편화 된 사용으로 환자의 피폭선량이 증가하고 있다. 따라서 광자극발광선량계를 이용해 촬영 목적 부위와 주변 결정장기에 대한 환자의 피폭선량을 측정하고 그에 따른 생물학적 효과를 예측하여 저감화 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. ICRP에서 권고한 표준안을 대상으로 만들어진 인체 모형 표준 팬텀에 교정상수를 부여받은 OSD 선량계를 측정하고자 하는 좌·우 수정체, 갑상선, 촬영의 중심점, 생식선에 부착하여 각 검사 부위별 노출 조건과동일한 상태에서 환자의 피폭 선량을 모사하였다. OSL 선량계의 평균 교정상수는 1.0058±0.0074이었으며 검사 부위별 주변 결정장기의 등가선량은 좌·우측 수정체의 경우 직접 피폭이 약 50mGy로 최대였으며 간접 피폭되는 경우 0.24mGy, 원거리에서는 0.005mGy미만의 기준 준위 이하로 측정되었다. 갑상선의 경우 두부 검사에서 10.89mGy로최대였으며 흉부에서 7.75mGy, 복부 및 요추부, 골반부에서는 기준 미만이었다. 생식선의 경우 골반검사에서 21.98mGy로 최대였으며 간접 피폭되는 검사에서 기준 준위 미만에서 6.92mGy까지 피폭되었다. CT 검사에서 DRL에대한 저감화 방법은 국제기구에서 권고하고 있는 방사선 방어 원칙에 대한 정당한 해석과 제도적 뒷받침이 필요하다.따라서 환자의 피폭을 최소화하기 위해서는 정당성을 충족하여야 하며 환자의 피폭선량에 미치는 영향들을 체계화하고 조직의 불필요한 피폭을 최소화 하여야 한다.

Article 215 of the Criminal Procedure Act does not limit explicitly the time limit that public prosecutor should request a warrant to seize, search or inspect evidence. But after the public prosecutor filed the charges, he cannot request a warrant by article 215 of the Criminal Procedure Act. After the indictment, the court may seize any articles which, it believes, may be used as evidence, or liable to confiscation, by article 106 of the Criminal Procedure Act. And the court may, if necessary, search the defendant, effects, or dwelling or any other place of the defendant, by article 109(1) of the Criminal Procedure Act. The court may search the person, effects, dwelling or any other place of a person other than the defendant, only when there are circumstances which warrant the belief that there are articles liable to seize therein. If the public prosecutor collected the evidence by a search warrant issued from a district court judge other than the court in charge of the case, those evidence are not admissible in principle, because those collection of evidence does not follow legal procedures, which are prepared for human rights. Supreme Court decided it April 28, 2011, on 2009Do10412 case.

The aim of this paper is threefold. First, this study introduces the context of objectivity in modernist poetry, especially Moore’s objectivity and Williams’s objectivity. Second, it differentiates T. S. Eliot’s objectivity from their objectivity. In doing so, this paper analyzes the poems in Prufrock and Other Observations according to the different type of observation and the different type of persona. The poetics of observation in Eliot’s Prufrock and Other Observations is dramatic, psychological, and complex. His manner of observation is more inward looking than Moore’s, and his poetics of exploring urban reality is more dramatic and psychological than Williams’s. Third, this paper intends to rescue Eliot from Williams’s harsh criticism against him. From Williams’s point of view, Eliot’s poetry represents the “old” world spirit. However, Eliot’s seemingly traditional way of dealing with the world is so resilient that we can appreciate his work even after the age of Eliot and across geographical borders.

현재까지 피부 미백에 대한 평가는 피부 반사광 전체에 대한 분석이 주를 이루어 왔다. 그 예로 SHV (Saturation, Hue, Value), L* a* b* (CIELAB color space system) 등 색차계를 사용하여 검출된 빛을 몇 가지 기준으로 나누어 분석하는 방법이 이용되어왔으며, 밝기나 채도 변화를 기준으로 피부 미백을 평가해왔다. 하지만 이러한 기존의 미백 평가법들은 빛의 전체 피부 반사량을 통한 측정이라는 한계를 가지고 있어 투명감, 화사함, 윤기 등 소비자들이 원하는 새로운 미백 효능의 평가에는 사용하기 힘든 단점이 있었다. 이번 연구에서는 이전까지 정량적으로 표현하기 힘들었던 투명감에 대한 새로운 측정법을 활용하여 8주 동안 자사의 2가지 미백 제형 효능 평가에 사용하였으며, 이를 위해 루미스캔(LumiscanTM)이라고 명명된 편광을 활용한 각도별 반사광 측정 장치를 제작하여 실험에 활용하였다. 또한, 투명감 측정 이외에도 15가지 측정치에 대한 실험을 병행하여 투명감에 주요한 영향을 미치는 요소를 분석하고자 하였으며 결과적으로 자사의 2가지 미백 제형은 각각 4, 8주에 5 ~ 9 %의 투명도 개선을 보여주었다. 그리고 피부결(-28 %), 멜라닌(-17 %), 홍반(-7 %), 수분량(15 %), 피부 밝기(6 %) 등이 피부 투명감에 주요한 영향을 주는 요소라는 사실을 보여주었다.

Miscanthus, a perennial rhizomatous C4 grass, is a potential biomass crop. Its propagation can be made by seed, rhizome and cultured tissue. Propagation by rhizomes or cultured tissues is expensive, while seed propagation is rather simple and cheaper. However, little effort has been made to investigate seed germination, particularly in relation with exogeneous chemicals including plant growth regulators to improve germination. This study was conducted to improve the seed germination of Miscanthus with GA3, NaClO, KNO3 and procloraz. iscanthus sacchariflorus and Miscanthus sinesis seeds were treated with the above chemicals at different concentrations. Decoated seeds were soaked in GA3, NaClO, KNO3, and procloraz solutions. Pretreated 20 Miscanthus seeds were then sown in each petri dish covered with a single layer of Watman filter paper and maintained in the incubation chamber at 33℃/25℃ (day/night). Seed germination were measured every 8 hours. As a result, the best germination was obtained at 250 mg/L GA3, 0.3% NaClO, 1 mM KNO3 and 1 mL/L procloraz solutions.

This article explores the coexistence and interaction with the Other in T. S. Eliot looking in particular at different cultures’ relationship. This study escapes the usual label that Eliot tends toward one-sided emphasis on a rapprochement with England, Europe, and their traditions. Eliot begins with the epistemological argument that we can’t find anything original or ultimate. He accepts “finite centres” or “points of view” instead of the “self” and defines the unified self as an “ideal construction.” “A point of view” is conscious of the fragmentary world and identfies it with whole universe. Eliot holds that “a point of view” depends upon and interacts with other points of view and interprets experiences. In the relation of cultural community to each other, Eliot asserts that each community is based on its own tradition. Tradition can exist only through its application to particular situations by its participants who appropriate and implement the tradition, according to their particular situational interests and needs. It embodies and maintains the common meaning and “identical reference” of various finite centres. Since tradition is the cooperative consensus of various viewpoints, it follows that each cultural community is conscious of a point of view, which negates the wholly cognized and calls for taking cognizance mutually. Each community never achieves a purely unprejudiced God's eye-view which is alleged the only true understanding. Eliot focuses on the condition where a community resists assimilation into other communities and embodies incommensurable difference in diverse communities. He believes that a greater uniformity of culture seems likely to result from the pressure of one civilization, which brings about a lower grade of culture altogether. Cultural communities, while remaining distinct, should be able to mix freely. Eliot advocates each community has its own distinguishable tradition, which should also harmonise with, and enrich, the cultures of the others. He shows the desire to escape the limitations of a point of view and extend the reference through interaction with the Other.

Mechanisms regulate the arrest and growth of the resting primordial follicles are very poorly understood. To elucidate genes involved in the early folliculogenesis, we conducted suppression subtractive hybridization using mRNA from day1 and day5 ovaries and selected weel for further analysis, since it was most frequent gene in the day1-subtracted cDNA library (1). Expression of weel and correlated components of the cell cycle machinery, such as cdc2, cyclin B1, cdc25C, and phosphorylated cdc2 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. In primordial follicles, expression of weel, cdcw, and cyclin B1 was cytoplasmic in oocytes, but phosphorylated cdc2 was weakly expressed in oocytes. While cdc25C expression was in ovarian somatic and in some theca cells. None of components was expressed in the pre-granulosa cells of the primordial follicles, while weel weakly, and cdc2 and cyclin B1 was strongly expressed in the granulosa cells of the growing follicles. Results from the present study suggest that 1) the mejotic arrest of the oocytes may not due to of cell cycle machinery, and 2) the weel may arrest meiosis by sequestering cdc2 and cyclin B1 in the cytoplasm by protein-protein interactions and/or by inhibitory phosphorylation.

In Pusan Harbour, new port development projects are implemented such as the Extended Terminal adjacent to the Gamman Terminal, Pusan New Port, the Navy ○○ piers, etc. which will require new marine traffic environments in the Passage I of Pusan Harbour. Specially, the turning basin of the Extended Terminal adjacent to the Gamman Terminal has been designed to overlay the Passage I of Pusan Harbour, which will interrupt the inbound traffic flow and the results will be worried to decrease the efficiency of port operation. Therefore, this paper will be aimed to evaluate the traffic congestion in the Pusan Passage I due to the opening of new ports within Pusan Harbour in 2006 and 2011 by using computer simulation based the queueing theory.

Nineteen japonica and Tongil-type rices were selected from seventy nine Korean and Japanese rice cultivars grown in 1989 based on the water uptake behavior of milled rice under the room temperature and boiling conditions. The selected rice cultivars were investigated for water absorbability and some physicochemical characteristics of milled rice, proper water amount for cooking and sensory evaluation of cooked rice. The relationships among the tested grain properties were also examined. The highest varietal variation of water uptake rate was observed at twenty minutes after soaking in water. The maximum water uptake of milled rices at room temperature occurred mostly at about eighty minutes after soaking in water. Newly harvested rices showed a significantly lower water uptake rate of milled rice at 20 minutes after soaking, a relatively higher maximum water absorption ratio under the room temperature, and the less water uptake and volume expansion of boiled rice compared with the one-year old rice samples. The water uptake rate and the maximum water absorption ratio showed significantly negative correlations with the K/Mg ratio and alkali digestion value(ADV) of milled rice. The rice materials showing the higher amount of hot water absorption exhibited the larger volume expansion of cooked rice. The harder rices with lower moisture content revealed the higher rate of water uptake at twenty minutes after soaking and the higher ratio of maximum water uptake under the room temperature condition. These water uptake characteristics were not associated with the protein and amylose contents of milled rice ansd the palatability of cooked rice. The water/rice ratio(in w/w basis) for optimum cooking was averaged to 1.52 in dry milled rices (12% wet basis) with varietal range from 1.45 to 1.61 and the expansion ratio of milled rice after proper boiling was averaged to 2.63(in v/v basis). The water amount needed for optimum cooking was the lowest in Cheongcheongbyeo (Tongil-type rice) and the highest in Jinbubyeo, and the amount could be estimated with about 70% fittness by the multiple regression formula based on some water uptake characteristics, ADV and amylose content of milled rice as the independent variables. Nineteen rice cultivars were classified into seven groups based on scatter diagram projected by principal component analysis using eight properties related to water uptake and gelatinization of milled rice.

저염분구와 고염분구 (각4월말 0.5%와 1%의 염분농도에서 각품종들의 수량과 수량요인들에 미치는 염분농도의 영향을 보며 또한 여분간척지의 염분농도 계절에 따라 또는 기상조건 등에 따라 변동되므로 수도의 숙기와 수량과의 사이에 깊은 관계가 있을 것을 심안하며 조생종 중생중 및 만생중을 각각 7품종씩 공시하여 무염분구와 비교한 포장실험을 하였던 바 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 고 및 저량염분구에서 생산된 정조중의 경향과 평균으로 보아 내염성이 강한 품종은 관옥, 호북, 농림006, 재건 및 매리 26005이였다. 2. 염분구에서의 정조생산과 숙답구에서의 생산과의 사이에는 상관이 없었다. 즉 열수구에서의 다산품종은 염분구에서의 다산품종이 아니며 다수품종은 열수구에서의 생산에 비한 염분구에서의 감수율이 낮은 품종 즉 내염성 품종 들이었다. 3. 조생종은 중 만생중에 비하여 일반적으로 내염성이 약하여 염분구에서 현저히 감수되었다. 조생종은 천립중, 수당립수, 수실율 및 정현비율이 중 및 만생중에 비하여 떨어졌으며 설미가 많았다. 4. 염분구에서는 수도의 출수가 숙답구에 비하여 저염분구에서는 대체로 5～8일 지연되였으며 고염분구에서는 대체로 7～13일 지연되었다. 조생종의 출수지연이 중 및 만생중에 비하여 더 컸다. 5. 각 품종의 염분구들에서의 출수지연일수와 숙답구에 비한 염분구들에서의 정조감수율과의 사이에는 고도의 유의성이 있는 상관을 나타냈다. 즉 숙답출수에 비한 어떤 품종의 출수지연일수로서 염분지에서의 감수율을 추정할수 있을 것으로 생각되었다. 6. 간장은 숙답구에 비하여 저염분구는 80%, 고염분구는 70%정도 자랐다. 그리고 염분구들에서는 일반적으로 간장과 정조생산과의 사이에는 유의성있는 상관을 나타냈다. 따라서 숙답의 간장에 대한 염분지 들에서의 간장의 길이로 그 품종의 염분지에서의 정조생산이 추측될 것으로 생각되었다. 7. 염분구들에서의 수수는 숙답구에 비하여 21～24% 정도 감소되었다. 숙답구 저 및 고염분구에서 다같이 수수와 정조량과의 사이에는 유의성 있는 상관을 나냈다. 8. 염분구들에서는 수중과 정조생산과의 사이에 각 품종에서 유의성있는 상관을 나타냈으나 숙답구에서는 상관이 없었다. 수중과 수수와는 숙답구 및 염분구에서 다같이 부의 상관을 나타냈다. 9. 저염분구와 고염분구는 숙답구에 비하여 수당입수가 평균에서 각각 16% 및 21%씩 립수가 줄었다. 숙답구에 대한 염분구들에서의 수당립수 감소율과 정조생산의 감수율과는 고도의 유의성있는 상관을 나타냈다. 10. 임실율은 대체로 저염분구에서 현저히 높았다. 그리고 조생중이 낮으며 중생중에서 높은 경향이었다. 11. 정현비율은 숙답구와 염분구들에서 거의 같았으며 설미는 숙답구에 비하여 염분구들에서 현저히 적었으며 또한 중 및 만생중들에 비하여 조생종들이 많았다. 12. 고중은 염분구에서 적었으며 숙답구 및 여분구에서 다같이 조생조이 적었고 중, 만생중의 순으로 많았다. 정조/고중은 염분구들에서는 숙답구에 비하여 적은 경향이었으며 숙답구와 염분구들에서 다같은 경향으로 조생종이 크고 중생중 만생중 순으로 적었다.