Our research focused on the development of a conceptual model of the turnover intention of part-time sales associates working in apparel retailing to enhance understanding of the issue and thus, provide information to apparel retailers to curtail the loss of human resources. The model consists of input variables and outcomes. Input variables were personal characteristics, work engagement, and work effort. Outcome variables were job performance, job satisfaction, burnout, and employee turnover. A convenience sample of 294 part-time workers completed an online questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to test hypotheses regarding antecedents to turnover intention. This study revealed that self-efficacy and work competencies indirectly influenced intention to turnover because they influenced work engagement, which in turn positively affected work effort. Work effort and work engagement directly influenced job performance, which in turn impacted job satisfaction. The data also indicated a negative relationship between job satisfaction and burnout. Burnout had a direct influence on turnover intention. As a research limitation, our data came from a purposive sample. A random sample of part-time associates is needed to generalize findings. This study provides numerous implications for future research with regard to additional variables impacting work effort, work engagement, job satisfaction, and turnover intention.

The volume transport and turnover time of the Deukryang Bay, located at the southern area of Korea, were calculated based on the current meter(RCM-7,ACM 16M) data observed at the three gateways of the Bay in May and October of 1996. Dominant tidal current component was calculated through harmonic analysis from raw data to estimate influence tidal current and also residual current was measured by integrating observed data and then averaging on time. Maximum speed of current was about 100㎝/sec during the spring tide at the waterway between Kumdangdo and Kogumdo. The total water volume transports through three entrances of the bay in May and October were 3.9×10^-2 Sv, 3.4×10^-2 Sv(1Sv=10^6㎥s^-1) and turnover time were 0.97day, 1.12day, respectively. Semidiurnal tides were predominant (70∼85%). The water volume transports by residual currents were 2∼4% of total water volume transports. The average fraction of fresh water calculated by tidal prism method using salinity difference between inflow current and outflow current through three entrances in Deukryang Bay was about 0.06% of total volume and the flushing time of fresh water was estimated as 0.97day.