This study utilized the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2) to examine usage intentions associated with virtual fitting services. Six independent variables were examined: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, and habit. The study collected responses from 445 participants who had utilized virtual fitting services. Regarding factors related to usage intentions associated with these services, performance expectancy and social influence were found to significantly influence the usage intentions associated with photo-based virtual fitting services. Furthermore, performance expectancy, social influence, and habit significantly influenced the usage intention of avatar-based virtual fitting services. This suggests that higher levels of performance expectancy and social influence positively impact the usage intentions associated with both types of virtual fitting services, while habit influences only avatar-based virtual fitting services. Moreover, the findings confirm that effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and hedonic motivation from UTAUT2 do not significantly influence usage intentions associated with virtual fitting services. By analyzing factors influencing potential customers’ virtual fitting service usage intentions, this study can suggest effective strategies to increase usage intentions for companies providing virtual fitting services. Additionally, these findings can be utilized in the formulation of virtual fitting service marketing strategies.

Purpose: The research that uses hybrid model by Schwartz-Barcott & Kim recently gained attention in nursing academies due to its usefulness in practice. The number of research about the concept analysis and concept development using this method has been increased. The purpose of this study was to re-evaluate the Hybrid Model by Schwartz-Barcott & Kim. Methods: This study provided the concept, research design, research trends of Hybrid model through the comprehensive literature review and researcher’s analytical thinking. Results: Hybrid model was generally accepted in the literature as a new and comprehensive methodology. The design of Hybrid model, major components, strategies for sampling and data analysis, and usefulness of Hybrid model were examined. Also the research methodology in published articles in Korea were analysed. Conclusion: Hybrid model is very unique in terms as a method for concept analysis and development in the strength of combining theoretical analysis and empirical observation. Nursing researchers may take advantages of the Hybrid model in exploring nursing phenomena and concept in their research.

본 연구의 목적은 과학적 모델의 사회적 구성 수업을 적용한 야외지질학습에서 학생들이 만드는 조별 모델 구 성 과정에 대해 제약조건을 중심으로 이해하는 것이다. S 영재원 지구과학분과 3조, 12명의 학생들을 대상으로 진행하 였다. ‘관악산은 어떻게 형성되었을까?’를 주제로 야외지질답사 2차시, 과학적 모델의 사회적 구성 수업 3차시로 진행하 였다. 조별 모델 구성과정에 관해서는 Nersessian (2008)이 제시한 제약조건을 이론적 근거로 하여 반-구조화된 인터뷰, 야외지질답사, ‘과학적 모델의 사회적 구성 수업’의 모든 담화, 활동지를 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째 야외지질학습에 적용한 과학적 모델의 사회적 구성 수업에 나타난 제약조건의 출처는 과학 이론, 야외지질답사에서 관 찰한 내용, 과학적 모델의 사회적 구성 수업에서 추가로 제공된 것이 있었다. 두 번째 조별 모델링에 영향을 미치는 3 가지 종류의 제약조건이 있다. 조별 모델에는 조별 구성원 모두가 동일하게 가지고 있던 것으로 ‘공통적인 제약조건’,조별 구성원 일부가 가지고 있던 것 중 조별 모델에 반영된 ‘채택된 제약조건’, 마지막으로 초기 모델에는 없었으나 조 별 모델 구성과정에서 새롭게 나타난 ‘생성된 제약조건’이 있었다. 이번 연구는 학교 과학에서 제약조건을 기반으로 조 별 모델이 만들어지는 과정을 이해할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 야외지질학습이라는 수업 사례를 보여줌으로서 실제 적용하 는데 이바지 하고자 하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

본 연구의 목적은 공동생성적 대화가 인식론적 측면에서 학습자의 과학 모델에 관한 이해와, 실행 과정의 측면에서 모델 구성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보는 것이다. 서울 소재 여자중학교 1학년 49명의 학생들에게 총 5차시 모델 구성 수업을 실시한 후 공동생성적 대화에 참여한 2개 조(8명)의 학생들과 참여하지 않은 2개 조(9명)의 학생들의 모델에 관한 이해와 모델 구성을 비교하였다. 모델에 관한 이해는 Upmeier zu Belzen and Krüger (2010)의 분석틀을 사용하였고, 모델 구성 과정은 Baek et al. (2011)의 분석틀을 수정 및 보완하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 전반적으로 공동생성적 대화에 참여한 학생들은 그렇지 않은 학생보다 과학적 모델에 관한 이해와 모델 구성 수준이 높게 나타났다. 공동생성적 대화에 참여한 조의 학생들은 모델을 새로운 현상을 설명할 수 있는 가설로 인식하였지만, 참여하지 않은 조의 학생들 은 모델을 현상을 이해하는 수단으로 인식하였다. 본 연구는 학생들의 모델 구성 과정을 측정하는 분석틀을 마련하여 학교 현장에 유용하게 사용할 수 있게 하였다. 또한 새로운 학습 방법으로써 공동생성적 대화를 모델 구성 수업에 적용했다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

This study used the methods of decision tree analysis, association rule analysis, and Kano’s model to explore the behavior patterns of mainland China tourists staying at the international tourist hotels in Taiwan. To this end, the data of their demographics, travel variables, overall satisfaction with the lodging experience, different service quality perceptions, and loyalty intentions were included. The decision tree analysis showed that a tourist’s overall satisfaction with the lodging experience, satisfaction with the quality of core intangible services, and certain demographic characteristics are three important determinants of tourist loyalty towards the hotels. In terms of the effect of demographics, the customers’ monthly income and length of stay at the hotel are two main determinants in this study. In addition, if the customer perceptions of different parts of hotel service quality are taken into account, among the five hotel service quality domains, core intangible services from the receptionist, housekeeping personnel, and food & beverage personnel are found to be important influences on hotel customer loyalty intention. In other words, high quality intangible services are important for luxury hotels to demonstrate their unique ability to help customers experience the service quality that creates loyalty intentions. With regard to the association rule analysis, the results showed that core intangible service aspects from the receptionist, housekeeping personnel, and food & beverage personnel are strongly associated with customer loyalty intentions, as are the tangible aspects of the reception and hotel room facilities. The former indicated that reception in the hotel lobby could be considered one of the most important servicescapes because of its impact in forming many of the first impressions of hotel guests, while the latter is treated as core offerings in hotels that would be encountered by most hotel customers. If the tourists are mainly from package tours, the intangible services and tangible facilities of these areas are the important areas to create customer satisfaction. However, if the tourists are mainly independent tourists because they have more time and free choice to stay at the hotel longer than the package tour tourists, the intangible services and tangible facilities of the entertainment or business centers would be even more important to these tourists than to the package tour tourists. With regard to Kano’s model analysis, the results showed that, based on mainland China tourists’ perceptions, most of the service elements fit into the category of one-dimensional quality attributes. This means that these service elements are positively and linearly related to customer satisfaction, and the greater fulfillment of the attribute results in a greater degree of satisfaction. This also means that hotels should make more effort to innovate their intangible services and tangible facilities to create business advantages in the market.

Environmental risk assessment aims to estimate the impacts of various stressors on populations and communities in the environment. However, most of the exposure tests conducted under the laboratory level. This gap between the controlled condition of the experiments and the complexity of the field situation can lead to irrelevant estimation of stress effects. For this reason, dynamic model approach in ecology that including integrated mechanistic understanding has become important. The dynamic models at the individual level can be used to interpret the individual’s response to stress, extrapolate which response to untested conditions, and predict the impacts on the higher ecological level. The overall objective of this case study was to simulate the chronic toxicity of copper on Daphnia magna using dynamic energy budget theory with the improved toxicity module component. The model system was constructed and evaluated, using the PowersimⓇ software. The toxicity model system was integrated with toxic effects on allocation of reserve, structure, and maturity energy of D. magna into improved toxicity module. The model was calibrated and verified by actual data sets where obtained from a laboratory experiment including growth, maturity and survival measurement of D. magna during copper exposure. The simulation results showed that the response of D. magna under copper exposure was well estimated by model system.