일반가정과 음식점 등 영업시설에 적용할 수 있는 합리적인 식기세척 방법을 도출하기 위하여 점착성 식품인 쌀밥, 고추장, 치즈 및 립스틱을 대상으로 식기 재질, 세척 전 방치시간, 세척도구, 식기류세척제 종류 및 농도, 침지 온도 및 시간 등 세척변수가 세척효율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 쌀밥, 고추장, 치즈 등 식품오물은 식기 재질에 따라 세척효율에 차이가 있었으나, 립스틱의 경우는 식기 재질에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 고추장오물은 스테인리스스틸수세미가, 치즈와 립스틱 오물은 아크릴사수세미의 세척력이 우수하였으나 쌀밥오물의 경우는 세척도구별 차이가 없었다. 치즈오물의 경우에는 다목적수세미의 세척력이 다른 세척도구에 비해 유의하게 열악하였다. 쌀밥과 치즈 오물 세척 시에는 식기류세척제 종류에 따른 세척력 차이가 없었으나 고추장과 립스틱 오물 제거에는 제 2종 식기류세척제가 제 1종 식기류세척제보다 효과적이었다. 오물 제거를 위한 최적 세척제 농도는 쌀밥과 고추장은 0.1%, 치즈는 1%, 립스틱은 0.5%로 확인되었다. 립스틱오물을 제외하고 세척 전 수침은 세척효율을 크게 향상시켰으며, 특히 온수를 사용할 경우 효과가 상승되었다.

Ethanol washing with distillation as a cleanup process of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)-contaminated soil was investigated in this study. A multistage ethanol washing with distillation process was applied to three different types of soil, i.e., sandy soil, alluvial soil, and clay with the initial concentration of benzo(a)pyrene 10 mg/kg, benz(a)anthracene 250 mg/kg, and pyrene 100 mg/kg soil. Ethanol was selected as washing solvent because of its high PAH removal efficiency, low cost, and non-toxicity comparing to the other solvent such as isopropyl alcohol and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The satisfactory results (i.e. lower than benzo(a)pyrene 1 mg/kg, pyrene 10 mg/kg, benz(a)anthracene 25 mg/kg, which are the Canada or the Netherlands soil standard) for three types of soils were obtained by at most five-six times washing. It was suggested that organic content in soil decreased the removal efficiency by ethanol washing.

A lot of sludges occur during an activated sludge treatment process of the washing wastewater and by-product waste in the cuttlefish processing manufacture. The sludges give also out a bad smell, and their amicable reclamation is very difficult because of the limited area of the filling-up. To reduce the heavy weight and large volume of the sludges, they was burning up. After the burning up at 350℃ for 2hrs the weight(volume) of the sludges were reduced to 5% level of the initial value. In contents of the bad heavy metals for human after the burning up, cadmium and lead metal were slightly detected, while mercury and the bad others not detected.