The effects of probiotic additions to feed and manure on temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Hanwoo manure during summer (4 weeks) were evaluated. Fifteen Hanwoo (24-mo-old, 580 ± 20 kg) were housed in individual pens (5 × 8 m) and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments (n = 5 cattle per treatment). Hanwoo were fed experimental rations as follows: control (10 kg roughage + 2 kg concentrate); T1 (10 kg roughage + 2 kg concentrate, 2% probiotics on as-fed basis); and T2 (10 kg roughage + 2 kg concentrate, 2% probiotics on as-fed basis + 7 kg probiotics as top-dressing on the surface of Hanwoo manure). In comparison to the control, the addition of probiotics to feed or feed and manure had an effect (P < 0.05) on temperature and humidity over the 4 weeks, except for humidity at 0 weeks. The only significant difference (P < 0.05) observed in CO2 emission was among all treatments at 3 and 4 weeks (but not at 0 through 2 weeks). These results indicated that use of probiotics as feed and manure additives did not have a significant effect on environmental parameters.

Abstract
 1. Introduction
 2. Materials and Methods
 3. Results and Discussion
  3.1. Effects of probiotic additions on temperatureand humidity
  3.2. Effects of probiotic additions on carbondioxide (CO2) emission
 4. Conclusions
 References

• Dong-Hyeon Kim(Division of Applied Life Science (Insti. of Agric. & Life Sci.), Gyeongsang National University)
• Hyuk-Jun Lee(Division of Applied Life Science (Insti. of Agric. & Life Sci.), Gyeongsang National University)
• In-Hag Choi(Department of Companion Animal & Animal Resources Sciences, Joongbu University)
• Chan-Sik Min(Department of Income and Living Resources, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research & Extension Services)
• Sam-Churl Kim(Division of Applied Life Science (Insti. of Agric. & Life Sci.), Gyeongsang National University) Corresponding author