A total of 225, 3 weeks old weaned pigs of the Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc breeds with initial average body weight (BW) of 6.25±0.6 kg were randomly assigned to 3 different treatments based on their BW, with each having 5 replicates. Each replicate contained 15 pigs, resulting in 75 pigs per treatment group. The treatment included a basal diet (CON), CON + allicin and cinnamaldehyde mixture 500 ppm (ALI), CON + Bacillus-based probiotics 500 ppm (PRO) tested for 42 days in a 3-phase feeding program (0–14 as phase 1, days 15–28 as phase 2, and days 29–42 as phase 3). Result shows final BW (6.3%) and average daily gain (9.0%) in the overall phase were higher (p<0.05) in PRO compared with CON. At d 14, the level of Escherichia coli was lower (p<0.05) in ALI (12.0%) and PRO (13.2%) over CON. At days 28 (14.6%) and 42 (12.8%), the level of Escherichia coli was lower (p<0.05) in PRO compared with CON. The level of tumor necrosis factor-α was lower (p<0.05) in PRO over CON (15.0%). Superoxide dismutase (9.2%) and immunoglobulin A (19.4%) were higher (p<0.05) in PRO over CON. We concluded that dietary PRO at 500 ppm showed better performance in piglets by enhancing their growth performance and health.

Probiotics have been evaluated as therapeutic agents for cancer treatment in an increasing number of studies. This study investigated the inhibitory and cytotoxic effects of specific Lactobacillus strains on a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29). The strains assessed were Limosilactobacillus (L.) reuteri VA 102, Ligilactobacillus (L.) animalis VA 105, and Limosilactobacillus (L.) reuteri KCTC 3594 (ATCC 23272). The viability of HT-29 cells was evaluated using the MTT assay. The findings revealed that cell-free supernatants (CFS) exhibited significant anticancer effects. Heat-inactivated L. reuteri VA 105 and L. reuteri KCTC 3594 induced a pronounced reduction in cell viability. Furthermore, live cultures of L. reuteri VA 105 and L. reuteri VA 102 also showed reduced cell viability compared to the control group. These results suggest that CFS and heat-inactivated cells may be more suitable for therapeutic applications than live bacteria owing to their improved safety profiles and reduced potential for adverse effects. Our findings also emphasize the potential anticancer benefits of these LAB strains.

본 연구는 한국전통식품인 김치에서 분리한 W. cibaria SPM402, L. paracasei SPM412의 포괄적인 항 치주염 효 과를 확인하였다. WC402 10 mg/mL농도에서 P. gingivalis 의 생물막 형성이 37.30±8.23%, LP412 10 mg/mL에서 51.36±5.95% 억제되었고, F. nucleatum의 생물막 형성의 경우 WC402 10 mg/mL에서 76.77±2.77%, LP412 10 mg/ mL에서 95.99± 0.73% 억제되었다. LP412 10 mg/mL에서 P. gingivalis 부착소인 fimA의 RQ값이 0.08±0.05로 약 12 배 감소함을 확인하였고, F. nucleatum의 부착소인 radD 의 RQ값은 0.08±0.008으로 radD는 거의 90배 이상 억제 되었다. 사람 잇몸 상피세포주인 YD-38에 Pg OMV에 의한 염증반응을 유도 후 WC402 15 mg/mL 처리 결과 IL-1β유 전자 발현이 약 150배 가량 억제되었고, LP412 0.1 mg/mL 처리 결과 IL-1β유전자 발현이 약 3.6배 가량 억제됨을 확 인하였다. YD-38세포주에 F. nucleatum에 의한 염증반응 을 유도 후 1 mg/mL의 WC402를 처리한 결과 IL-8유전자 발현이 약 3배 정도, 1 mg/mL의 LP412를 처리한 결과 IL- 8유전자 발현이 약 5.6배 정도 억제되었다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때 W. cibaria SPM402, L. paracasei SPM412는 구강 병원성 세균의 생물막 형성 관련 병인인자 발현 억제, 직 접적인 생물막 형성 억제 및 병원성 세균에 의해 유도된 염증반응을 효과적으로 억제하는 기능을 보유한 균주로 구강질환에 대한 치료제나 구강 건강에 도움이 되는 구 강 건강기능성 식품으로 사용될 가능성이 있음을 확인하 였다.

The pet industry, especially pet food, is experiencing rapid growth. This growth is accompanied by increasing concerns about pets' gut health, as an imbalanced microbiota can lead to various diseases. This study analyzes global patent trends in microbiome-based technologies for treating pet digestive issues using the WIPS database across major markets. Of 1,194 patents identified, 394 key references were examined, highlighting the increasing number of probiotic and microbiome-related patents since 2016. China dominates this sector, followed by Korea, Japan, and the United States. The findings provide a foundation for advancing microbiome-driven solutions for pet digestive ailments.

본 연구는 Lactobacillus acidophilus KCTC 3164 균주에 의해 발효된 깻잎 발효 추출물 (5%, 10%, 15%, 및 20% w/v)을 기능성 첨가제로 사용하여 깻잎 발효물이 첨가된 아이스크림을 제조 함이 목적이다. 깻잎 발효물이 첨가된 아이스크림의 물리·화학적 특성(색상, 점도, pH, 총 산도, 녹는 속 도, 오버런) 및 항산화 활성을 평가하였다. 깻잎 발효물 첨가량이 증가할수록 아이스크림의 색상에 영향 을 주었으며, 아이스크림의 녹는 속도도 증가하였다. 이에 반해 점도는 점차적으로 감소하는 경향을 나 타내었다. 깻잎 발효물 첨가량이 높을수록 오버런은 점진적으로 증가하였고, pH는 유의하게 감소하였으 며, 총 산도는 증가하였다. 깻잎 발효물이 첨가된 아이스크림의 DPPH 라디컬 소거능과 총 폴리페놀 함 량은 깻잎 발효물 첨가량이 많아질수록 유의적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과 10% 깻잎 발효추출물을 함유한 아이스크림 실험군이 높은 오버런, 낮은 녹는 속도, 원하는 점도, 높은 DPPH 라디 컬 소거능과 총 폴리페놀 함량을 보여 기능성 아이스크림으로의 잠재력이 있는 것을 알 수 있었다.

Biofilms are complexly structured communities of microorganisms composed of surface-attached microorganisms, where their effects on the host have been controversial. In this study, we investigated the potential biofilm-forming capacity of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LRH020 (DSM25568) by detecting genes known to promote biofilm formation. It was shown that the aggregation substance gene (asa 1) was presented in the LRH020 strain. Therefore, we investigated the phenotypic activities of the gene asa1 via two methods: biofilm formation and autoaggregation activity. It was shown that the strain LRH020 had significantly less ability to form biofilm compared to the positive control strain Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433. Furthermore, LRH020 exhibited biofilm-forming activity comparable to Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), widely used probiotics. The auto-aggregation activity of LRH020 was also within the safe range similar to that of LGG. In conclusion, this study shows that both biofilmforming and auto-aggregation activities of the LRH020 are comparable to one of the most studied probiotics strains, LGG.

Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits onto the host when administered at adequate doses. Most widely used probiotics, such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, are known to be elements of healthy gut microflora and hence are not considered a threat to the host. However, probiotics may pose a risk in certain populations with compromised immune systems or defects in gut barrier functions. Herein, we evaluated the safety of Bifidobacterium breve BB077, according to the safety evaluation guidelines for probiotics produced by the National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation (NIFDS). The results show that B. breve BB077 is both non-hemolytic and non-cytolytic. In contrast, B. breve BB077 exhibited higher streptomycin and tetracycline resistance than the suggested NIFDS standard cut-off values. Hence, a genetic analysis of the streptomycin and tetracycline resistance genes was performed to determine the origin of antimicrobial resistance. Streptomycin and tetracycline resistance was shown have arisen from chromosomal mutations and considered intrinsic to the taxonomic group. In conclusion, the B. breve BB077 strain might be safe for human consumption.

이상의 결과를 종합하면, 혼합유산균 2종(Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. Lactis Bf141와 Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lb102)의 섭취는 고지방식이 유도 비만 마우스에서 체중, 체지방, 제지방, 골밀도 등 주요 체성분에 영향을 주지 않았다. 혼합유산균은 식욕 조절 효과를 위해 측정한 사료 섭취량에도 영향을 주지 않았으며, 간 조직 무게에도 영향을 미치지 않았다. 인슐린저항성과 포도당신생합성의 주요 지표인 공복혈당량 또한 혼합유산균 급여에 의해 변화 하지 않았다. 또한 혼합유산균은 심혈관질환의 지표로 사용되는 혈중 중성지방 및 총 콜레스테롤에 영향을 주지 않았으며, 체내 지방의 소화 및 흡수율에서도 영향을 미치지 않았다. 결론적으로, 고지방식이유도 비만 마우스를 이용하여 혼합유산균(Bf141 + Lb102)의 항비만 생리활성 을 검증한 결과, 유의미한 물리적, 대사적 표현형 개선은 검증되지 않았다. 따라서, 추후 개별 보다 다양한 혼합 조건 및 농도로 연구를 설계하여 혼합유산균의 항비만 효과를 검증할 필요성이 있다.