To analyze the pesticide residues in commercial bee pollen products in South Korea, 61 samples were collected and screened for 339 pesticides. Results revealed that approximately 34% (>LOQ) of samples were contaminated with at least one pesticide. The pesticide residue detection rates of domestic and imported samples were 31% and 44%, respectively. Furthermore, the pesticide residue detection rate of online distribution (60%) was higher than that of offline distribution (27%). Fifteen pesticides were discovered in bee pollen, and pendimethalin, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, and fluazinam were detected in 7, 6, 3, and 2 order of frequency, respectively. Even though its concentration was low, chlorfenvinphos which is banned in food crops in the United States, European Union, and Korea, was detected in bee pollen samples commonly. Therefore, continuous investigation of pesticide residues in bee pollen products and their acceptance criteria is required for safety.

ABSTRACT
Materials and Methods
    대상시료
    표준물질 및 시약
    분석법
    분석법 검증
Results and Discussion
    유효성 검증 결과
    잔류농약 성분별 분석 결과
    화분 검체 잔류농약 분석 결과
국문요약
Conflict of interests
ORCID
References

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• 김재관(경기도보건환경연구원 안산농수산물검사부) | Jae-Gwan Kim (Ansan Agricultural and Fishey Products Inspection Center, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, Ansan, Korea)
• 손미희(경기도보건환경연구원 안산농수산물검사부) | Mi-Hui Son (Ansan Agricultural and Fishey Products Inspection Center, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, Ansan, Korea)
• 조영선(경기도보건환경연구원 안산농수산물검사부) | Young-Sun Cho (Ansan Agricultural and Fishey Products Inspection Center, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, Ansan, Korea)
• 한나은(경기도보건환경연구원 안산농수산물검사부) | Na-Eun Han (Ansan Agricultural and Fishey Products Inspection Center, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, Ansan, Korea)
• 최종철(경기도보건환경연구원 안산농수산물검사부) | Jong-Cheol Choi (Ansan Agricultural and Fishey Products Inspection Center, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, Ansan, Korea)
• 이성남(경기도보건환경연구원 안산농수산물검사부) | Seong-Nam Lee (Ansan Agricultural and Fishey Products Inspection Center, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, Ansan, Korea)
• 박명기(경기도보건환경연구원 안산농수산물검사부) | Myoung-Ki Park (Ansan Agricultural and Fishey Products Inspection Center, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, Ansan, Korea)
• 박용배(경기도보건환경연구원 안산농수산물검사부) | Yong-Bae Park (Ansan Agricultural and Fishey Products Inspection Center, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, Ansan, Korea)