Luxun, whose works are well-received in Japan, is regarded as a ‘national author’. In 1909, Japanese print media for the first time reported such a ‘thought warrior’ and ‘literature master’. Since then, scholars studying Luxun has made their effort to advertise Luxun. Even up to now, it is fair enough to say as an ‘advocate’ of Chinese national culture, Luxun is still boasting of his radiance, because his works are as mellow as wine, leading readers to meaningful afterthoughts. It is found both in China and Japan that language textbooks of primary and secondary school are seen as a medium to learn about Luxun. Interpreting and teaching Luxun’s works can not only render people more capable of using language, but spread literature knowledge and enrich spiritual wold. Separated by the East China Sea, Japan published the first translated work written by Luxun in 1920s and his articles in Japanese language textbooks were also translated by famous indigenous writers or translators. There are two benefits when we take a look at how many articles written by Luxun are collected into Japanese language textbooks, explore the collecting background, interpret textbooks and analyze exercises about his articles. One is that we can have a clear understanding of the popularity and acceptance of ‘Luxun Spirit’ in Japanese basic education. The other is that we can draw some important lessons for our teaching about Luxun in middle school, and the teaching and study of ‘ China-Japan comparative literature’ for Japanese major students.

In the middle of the 20th century, globalization developed rapidly, especially industrial modernization has leaded to the heavy crisis of earth’s natural ecology and spiritual ecology. People began to wake up and rethink human civilization development model, and were deeply conscious of the fact that humanity is in urgent need of reconstruction of ecological civilization. In this context, ecological literature emerges as the times required. This paper first introduced ecological criticism flourish under the background of the cultural changes, then collected and sort out the theory historical transition of the Chinese ecological criticism and ecological aesthetics, exploring the problem domain about the development of the theory of ecological literature in the new century. And finally, summarized the new century’s tasks of ecological literary theory in the construction of Chinese literary theory.

소설이 탄생된 18세기 이후 여러 영국소설에는 성직자 인물들이 등장한다. 제인 오스틴(Jane Austen, 1775-1817)의 대표작『오만과 편견』(Pride and Prejudice, 1813)과『맨스필드 파크』 (Mansfield Park, 1814)에서 깊이 있게 다루어진 성직자 인물들은 19세기 초 영국 국교의 분위기 를 유추해볼 수 있게 한다. 또 샬롯 브론테 (Charlotte Brontё, 1816-1855)는 인도 선교사로 헌신 하게 되는 한 목사의 스토리를 『제인에어』(Jane Eyre, 1847)에 생생하게 담아냄으로써 빅토리아 중기의 종교적 분위기를 잘 전달해준다. 20세기 작품이지만 19세기를 시간적 배경으로 하는 『인간의 굴레』(Of Human Bondage, 1915)에서 서머셋 모옴(William Somerset Maugham, 1874-1965) 역시 영국 시골 교구목사의 생활을 구체적으로 그려내었다. 위대한 소설가들의 이와 같은 작업은 19세기 영국의 종교적 분위기를 이해하는 데 귀한 자료로 평가된다. 본 발표에서는 이상 언급된 작품들에서 여러 유형의 성직자 인물이 어떻게 형상화되었는지 분석해봄으로써 19세기 영국 성직자들의 목회와 삶의 성격을 이해해 보고자 한다.