Using Agrobacterium-me야ated transformation method the auxin-regulated cotton GST (Gh-5) constructs were used to transform Rehmannia glutinosa L. The PCR analysis was conducted to verify transgenicity. Based on the PCR analysis, there was verified that the 988 bp DNA band had showed in transgenic plant genomes in PCR anaJysis using Gh5-1 and Gh5-2 primers. The effects of cocultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, regeneration and selection conditions on the transformation efficiency of Chinese foxglove (Rehmannia glutinosa L.) were investigated. Factors such as cocultivation period, use of acetosyringone, postcultivation in darkness, and different kanamycin concentrations for selection were assessed. In vitro regeneration, the number of leaves, shoot lengths and numbers on MS medium were superior to on B5 and WPM medium, and the shoot formation rate was highest level of 95% in cultured base part containing leaf stalk. Addition of acetosyringone at concentration of 200μM to cocultivation medium and 3-day of cocultivation improved transformation frequencies. Exposure of explants to darkness for 4 weeks on selection medium resulted in further increased the regeneration frequency of transgenic shoots. In PCR analysis, the amplified fragments of Gh5 gene were detected (988 bp), and GST-expressing transgenic R. glutinosa L. plants had approximately three-fold higher activity in leaf extracts compared with control plant.

본 연구는 무대공연 전 상태불안을 측정하기 위한 척도를 개발하기 위하여 실시되었다. Smith 등(1990)이 개발한 스포츠 경쟁불안 설문지를 토대로 본 연구자가 무대공연 전 상태불안에 맞도록 문항을 수정 보완하여 제작된 20개 문항에 대한 요인탐색과 구조적 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하기 위하여 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석, 그리고 Cronbach`s α계수수를 구하였다. 연구대상자는 무용인 238명으로 하였으며, 공연 30분전에 측정을 하였다. 본 연구에서 탐색적 요인분석 결과 수정 개발된 질문지는 총 20문항에서 1차 14개 문항에 3개요인, 2차 12개 문항에 3개 요인이 탐색되었으나 구성된 문항 내용상 개념에 문제가 있어 3차 요인 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 8개 문항에 인지불안과 신체불안 등 2개의 요인구조로 구성되었다. 이에 대한 구성 타당도 검증을 위해 14개, 12개, 8개 문항에 대해 확인적 요인분석을 실시한 결과 2개요인 8개 문항의 구조가 가장 적합한 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 본 연구 결과로 볼 때 스포츠를 대상으로 제작된 검사도구를 참고로 수정 제작하였기 때문에 충분한 문항이 수렴되지 않았으며, 스포츠에서 느끼는 불안의 정도와는 차이가 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 추후의 연구에서는 보다 개방된 문항을 수집하여 문항을 제작하고 이에 대한 요인을 탐색하여 척도를 개발하는 것이 필요하다고 본다.

최근 스포츠 심리학에서 건강심리(health psychology)영역이 매우 높은 관심을 보이고 있다. 특히 운동요법(movement therapy)을 통하여 정신건강에 큰 도움을 주는 연구가 많다. 본 연구에서는 운동요법 중에서도 한국 고유의 전통적인 방법을 선정하여 총 5개의 임상실험을 하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 비만 여고생을 대상으로 수영요법을 적용한 결과 신체적 자기 효능감이 높아졌고, 둘째, 정신적 장애아를 위한 태권도요법을 사용한 결과 pre-motor Reaction Time과 Reaction Time이 감소되었으며, 셋째, 신체적 장애자를 위한 무용요법을 적용한 결과 신체화, 강박증, 우울, 불안 등의 정신건강 증상이 감소되었다. 넷째, 정상인 대학생을 대상으로 단전호흡 수련을 시킨 결과 상태불안, 특성불안, 심박수, 수축기 혈압 등이 감소하였고, 다섯째, 중학생 양궁 선수 경기력 향상을 위하여 단전호흡을 시킨 결과 양궁기록과 심폐지구력이 향상되었다.

Effects of shaking, medium consistency and anther density on polyhaploid production in two wheat cultivars, Pavon and Chris, were studied using a modified 85D12 medium. Pavon produced more calli in shaking and more albino plants tban Chris. However, Chris produced threefold more green plants than Pavon in non-shaking treatment. More calli and green plants were derived from non-shaking treatment than those from shaking treatment. Anthers were cultured on both liquid and semi-solid 85D12 media, using two anther densities, 48 and 96 anthers per plate. Although Pavon generally produced more calli and albino plants than Chris, Chris produced more green plants than Pavon. More green plants were derived from semi-solid medium than those from liquid medium. A factor that may affect plant regeneration from anthers is the length of time on initiation medium. Most of the calli for both genotypes were transferred during the first two time periods. Fertility, as measured by seed set, was determined for all surviving regenerated plants. About 24% of Chris and Pavon anther-derived green plants in the experiment of medium consistency and anther density produced seed.

Germination efficiency, such as days to germination and conditions for the hybrid seeds, was tested after hybrid seeds were sown on the medium. Seeds were germinated from 67 to 126 days after seeding in all cross combinations, and germination condition was different among hybrid combinations. There was big difference on days to germination based on the different media, that is, days to germination in the hyponex medium was shorter than that in the Knudson C medium. Mutants such as MMS and NaN3 were used to cause mutation. Germination occurred with 0.1 % NaN3 and MMS. However, even though germination occurred in other treatments (0.01 % and 0.2% of NaN3 and MMS), brownish phenomenon was intense, or did not proceed and got worse after 4-5 months of seeding. In addition, it was performed to choose appropriate medium for the growth of Cymbidium rhizome whose media adaptability is more different than other orchids. Different concentration of NAA and Kinetin was used. As a result, C. goeringii hybrid showed difference for the concentration of NAA and Kinetin combination.

Higenamine [1-(4-hydroxy-6, 7-dihydroxy-l, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline) is a cardiotonic constituent of Aconiti tuber, one of the most widely prescribed oriental medicines. S-(-)higenamine was reported to have a stronger cardiotonic activity than R-(+)-higenamine and known as a central intermediate in the biosynthesis of various benzyl isoquionoline alkaloids in plants. The separation of higenamine enantiomers has been accomplished with capillary electrophoresis using cyclodextrins (CDs) as chiral selectors. Good resolution of this enantiomers was obtained using a 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer containing hydroxypropyl β-CDs using 27 cm fused silica capillary (50μm i.d., 20 cm to detector) at 25 ℃. With the electric field of 340 V/cm, the separation time of higenamine enantiomers was less than 6 min. Under this optimum conditions, the relative standard deviations of migration time and peak area were less than 1.6% and 3.2%. A 512-channel diode array detector was confirmed for the higenamine. The detection limits (S/N = 3) of these enantiomers are 1.5mutextrmm/mL. We confirmed the chiral form of higenamine in medicinal plants.

In this study, as preliminary research for the development of natural estrogen supplement the chemical properties of Iranian black pomegranate juice concentrate and seeds were evaluated. Proximate compositions of pomegranate juice concentrate and seeds were as follows; crude lipid 0.4% and 8.2%, moisture 39.9% and 6.6%, crude protein 0.9% and 12.2%, ash 1.4% and 1.7%, and carbohydrate 42.0% and 84.5% respectively. Major amino acids are glutamic acid (1310.0ppm) and aspartic acid (896.2ppm) in juice concentrate, and glycine (611.1ppm) and arginin (401.6ppm) in seeds. Ascorbic acid has the highest concentration of 20.0mg/l00g in juice concentrate and 0.23mg/l00 in seeds. The compositions of unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and linolenic acid were higher than those of saturated fatty acids such as stearic palmitic acid. Major minerals were potassium, calcium and sodium, potassium was highest in both juice concentrate and seeds. Vitamins were composed of ascorbic acid (20.0mg/l00g), vitamin B1(0.12mg/100g) and niacin (0.80mg/l00g) in juice concentrate, and only ascorbic acid(0.23mg/l00g) in seeds. Organic acids such as citric and L-malic acid were detected only in pomegranate juice concentrate. The contents of total polyphenols were 4.55g/L in juice concentrate and 3.5mg/l00g in seeds, respectively. Phytoestrogens detected in pomegranate juice concentrate and seeds were daidzein, quercetin, genistein and 17 β-estradiol.

Ginseng(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) is important medicinal plant but requires 4-year cultivation for root harvest because of slow growth. In contrast, ginseng hairy roots induced by introducing Ri-plasmid of Agrobacterium rhizogenes into genomic DNA of plant cells show vigorous growth, and the hairy roots produce the same or more saponins than natural ginseng roots. Therefore, hairy roots can be used for commercial purposes. The present study was carried out to induce hairy roots with both active growth and high saponin contents. Numerous hairy roots of Panax ginseng were obtained after root disks of three-year old roots were infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes R1000 A4T in dark condition after one month of culture. About 3 hundred lines of hairy roots were selected according as morphological characters on medium with carbenicillin. After pre-selection of fifteen lines of hairy roots with active growth, KGHR-l and KGHR-8 lines were finally selected which had characters of high content of ginsenoside-Rd and ginsenoside-Re, respectively. The optimum growth of hairy roots was achieved in the culture of 1/2 MS liquid medium in dark (22 ℃) under 60 rpm gyratory shaking. Hairy roots grew well in 5L Erlenmeyer flasks, lL roller drums, 10L jar-fermenters, and especially in 20L air-lift culture vessels.

Seeds and seedlings of Acacia bivenosa D.C. Prod, A. salicina Lindl., A. saligna (Labill.) H. Wendl. and A. tumida F. Muell. ex Benth were germinated and grown in NaCl solutions to investigate the relative salt tolerance among the different species, and t