To investigate the optimum harvesting time of rice from June to December 2015 at Yezin in Middle plain area of Myanmar. The rice cultivars tested were Dasan2, Yeongpungbyeo(Korean cultivars) and Shwe Thwe Yin(Myanmar cultivar). The ripened grain rate were high when the harvesting date after heading were between 35 and 40 days for Dasan2, Yeongpungbyeo and between 30 and 35days for Shwe Thwe Yin, respectively. The highest yield of rice was obtained when harvested 35 to 40days after heading for all cultivars. However, the shattering loss was the highest in 40days after heading, the yield losses in 40DAF(days after flowering) are 2 to 2.7 times more than other treatments in 30DAF. Therefore, the estimated optimum harvesting times are 40DAF, 31DAF and 25DAF for Dasan2, Yeongpungbyeo and Shwe Thwe Yin, respectively.

To improve rice productivity in Myanmar, we evaluated two Korean rice cultivars and one Myanmar rice cultivar comprised of planting density and fertilization amount in three experiments from rainy season 2014 to dry and rainy season 2015. In the planting density experiment during wet season 2014, the rice yield in ‘Yeongpoong’ and ‘Shwethweyin’ cultivars increased considerably under high planting density but there was no significant differences in rice yield of ‘Dasan 2’ cultivar between planting density treatment. In dry season cultivation 2015, rice yield increased considerably under high planting density at all experimental cultivars. In wet season cultivation 2015, the rice yield of ‘Dasan 2’ and ‘Yeongpoong’ cultivars was significantly increased except ‘Shwethweyin’ cultivar. The yield of ‘Dasan 2’ cultivar was high in rainy season but there was much variation in yield among the planting density treatment and cultivation years. The yield of ‘Yeongpoong’ cultivar was higher in wet season cultivation than dry season cultivation and significantly increased with planting density. In the fertilization amount experiment, the yield of ‘Dasan 2’ cultivar cultivated in wet season 2014 was increased considerably with increasing fertilization amount but there was no difference between ‘Yeongpoong’ and ‘Shwethweyin’ cultivar. The yield of ‘Yeongpoong’ cultivar cultivated in dry and wet season 2015 was increased significantly with increasing fertilization amount. The Myanmar rice cultivar ‘Shwethweyin’ was no difference in yield with increasing fertilization amount. The yield of Korea cultivars ‘Dasan 2’ and ‘Yeongpoong’ was increased significantly with increasing fertilization amount but there was some yearly and seasonal variation. From the above results, if cultivation techniques would be applied in Myanmar, it is possible to raise productivity by using Korean rice cultivars.

To select appropriate Korean varieties in Myanmar, a serial experiments using rice varieties developed in Korea were conducted for 2 years, 2014 and 2015. Among the yield components, panicle number per hill of Shwe Thwe Yin, Myanmar variety, was 14, 19, 17 for 2014 dry season, 2014 wet season and 2015 dry season, respectively, which are 6, 1.3 and 5 panicles more than that of Korean varieties. The grain number per panicle, the ripened grain rate, 1,000 grain weight and yield of Korean rice varieties higher than that of Shwe Thwe Yin, Myanmar variety, at 2014 dry season and wet season. However, grain numbers per panicle, ripened grain rate of Shwe Thwe Yin were similar to that of Korean varieties, the yield of Myanmar variety was higher than yield of Korean varieties, at 2015 dry season. And to study the wide area adoptability, korean rice varieties and Shwe Thwe Yin were tested for 2 years, 2014, 2015 and 3 regions, the yield of Hanareum, Hangangchal 1 and Dasan 2 were higher than the yield of Shwe Thwe Yin and the regional variation of these korean varieties lower than that of Shwe Thwe Yin at 2014 wet season. Dasan 2 and Hangangchal 1 were selected as promising rice varieties in Myanmar.

We investigated outer appearance of brown rice(BR) and its anthocyanin content of Josangheugchal a colored rice variety as affected by different transplanting date(from May 15 to June 24, 10 day interval, 5 times). Thickness of BR was mainly 1.6～2.0mm which occupied 96.7% ~ 99.5% under different transplanting date. As transplanting time was late, mode of thickness of BR was clearly decreased : 2.0mm on May 15 and May 25, 1.9mm on June 4 and June 14, and 1.8mm on June 24. There was statistically significant difference in length, width and 1000 grain weight of BR according to both transplanting date and thickness of BR. There was highly significant positive corelation between thickness and length of BR and between thickness and 1000 grain weight of BR. Anthocyanin content linearly increased from 119.7mg/100g on May 15 to 384.4mg/100g on June 24 as transplanting time was late, and was highest in 1.8~1.9mm thickness of BR. Coefficient of variation for anthocyanin content by thickness of BR was lowest on June 24. According to the facts stated above it is recommendable to transplant Josangheugchal in late June to produce highly marketable colored rice.

Three rice cultivars of Goami2 (G2), Ilpumbyeo (IP), and Baegjinju (BJJ) of which physicochemical properties are significantly different, were blended by a simplex-lattice mixture design. The effect of blending those rice cultivars on pasting and texture properties were observed. Rapid Visco Analysis (RVA) indicated that the onset gelatinization temperature of pure blend of G2 rice (83.80~pm0.07~circC) was higher than that of IP (68.08~pm0.01~circC) and BJJ (68.08~pm0.04~circC) . Increasing G2 rice resulted in lower peak and breakdown viscosity, and adhesiveness and cohesiveness, whereas higher setback viscosity and hardness. Pasting and texture properties of IP and BJJ indicated that G2 rice has quite different physical characteristics compared to IP and BJJ. Thus, it is expected that blending those three rice cultivars can be used to formulate a desirable rice blend on purpose, furthermore to promote the consumption of G2 rice, which has higher indigestible carbohydrate contents.

Soyasaponins A1 , DDMP-conjugated group B soyasaponins αg~;and~;βg , non-DDMP counterpart soyasaponin I, II+III, and DDMP moiety were quantified in the large-, midium-, and small-seed soybean varieties. Protein contents were ranged from 38.1% to 41.8%, and oil contents were ranged from 15.5% to 18.9%, respectively. Oil contents in the large-seed varieties were significantly higher than those of medium- and small-seed varieties. Among detected soyasaponin peaks, βg was a major soyasaponin in DDMP-conjugated group B soyasaponins followed by soyasaponin I, DDMP moiety and A1 . Soyasaponin concentration among different seed size soybean varieties. The soyasaponin concentration of mediumseed (4014.5~mug/g ) was slightly higher than those of largeseed (3755.0~mug/g ) and small-seed varieties (3620.3~mug/g ), however, the differences was statistically not significant. The composition rates of soyasaponins in the large-size seeds were 9.4% of soyasaponin A1 , 26.5% of DDMP-conjugated soyasaponins, 49.9% of non-DDMP counterpart soyasaponins, and 14.2% of DDMP moiety, respectively. Similar results were observed in the composition ratios of middle- and small-size seeds. Oil content and C:N ratio showed the significant positive correlations with total soyasaponin concentration, while the 100-seed weight, fiber, and ash contents showed the negative correlations with total soyasaponin but statistically not significant. It was noted that protein contents didn't have any relationship with group A, group B, DDMP moiety, and total soyasaponin. This fact suggested that protein contents are not affects the variation of soyasaponin concentration.

The 117 soybean cultivars were collected from nine provinces in Korea, and various seed quality traits along with isoflavone contents were evaluated to elucidate their relationship. The 100-seed weight of the black soybean (31.2 g) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than yellow soybeans (28.6 g). The composition of genistein, daidzein, and glycitein accounted for 75.8, 22.8, and 1.4 % of total isoflavone in yellow soybean cultivars, while their compositions in black soybeans were 58.5, 39.7, and 1.8%, respectively. The mean contents of total isoflavone in yellow and black soybean were l,561.6~mug~;g-1~;and~;l,018.3~mug~;g-1 . The isofalvone content showed significant variation among cultivars when classified by the seed size. In the yellow soybeans, total isoflavone content was higher in small size soybean cultivars (1,776.0~mug~;g-1) and medium size soybean cultivars (1,714.3~mug~;g-1) compared to large size ones (1,518.5~mug~;g-1) . Genistein content was proved as the major factor determining the relationship between isoflavone content and 100-seed weights (r =-0.206*). Daidzein and glycitein, however, showed no significant relationship with the 100-seed weights. Isoflavone content was not significantly correlated with color parameters L (lightness) and a (redness) values, but color parameter b (yellowness) was positively correlated with glycitein (r=0.264*) in the yellow soybeans, while its negative correlation between daidzein (r=-0.245*) and total isoflavone (r=-0.256*) were observed in black soybeans. However, these findings suggested that the seed color value may not serve as an effective parameter for estimating the isoflavone intensity of the soybeans. Variation of protein and lipid contents between yellow soybeans (n=58) and black soybeans (n=59) was relatively stable, however, protein and lipid contents have no significant relationship with isoflavone content.