이 논문은 예이츠의 문화적 상상력에서 북아일랜드가 어떤 지위를 담보 하는가를 논의한다. 아일랜드와 시인 자신의 매개체로서 문화적 민족주의를 끊임없이 재구성하는 데 천착했던 예이츠의 방대한 저술 속에서 놀랍게도 북아일랜드에 관한 체계적이고 지속적인 논의를 찾기 어렵다. 이 논문은 일기, 일화, 소수의 “전쟁시”와 상원 연설문 등 부분적이고 파편적으로 산재한 자료들을 발굴 및 수집하고 이들을 연계해서 예이츠와 북아일랜드의 관계에 관한 응집된 서사를 구축하는 데 그 목적을 둔다. 논문은 특히 유년시절 슬라이고에서 겫었던 얼스터 통합주의의 경험, 얼스터문예 극장에 관련된 일화, 「1916 부활절」, 「내전기의 명상」 및 「1919년」과 같은 정치시, 그 리고 그의 상원 연설문들을 중점적으로 분석하고 논의한다. 궁극적으로 얼스터/북아일 랜드가 예이츠의 문화적 상상력에서 생략된 원인을 추적하고 또 상징이자 실체로서 얼스터/북아일랜드의 부재가 예이츠의 문화민족주의에 미치는 영향을 가늠해본다.

This study investigated the effect of automated writing evaluation (AWE) feedback on Korean university students’ revision behavior. Specifically, it explored the extent to which the quality of essays differed between first drafts and second drafts. Furthermore, the way individual students dealt with incorrect feedback in revising essays was examined. In this study, ETS’ Criterion program, one of the most popular AWE programs, was employed. In cases where incorrect feedback was detected, the first and second drafts were closely compared to find out how students altered the text in response to the incorrect feedback, and this was classified into one of three categories: successful changes, unsuccessful changes, and text deletion. The results showed that students’ second drafts were rated significantly higher than first drafts by two NS raters, which indicates that many students followed the revision suggestions made by the Criterion program. As students’ Criterion scores increased, their ability to identify and make successful changes in response to incorrect feedback improved. The findings of the study can advance our understanding of AWE use in an EFL context and should contribute to broader examination of how Korean university students engage in revision of their essays.

Not only does this paper examine the etymology of yuan元, yuan原, yuan源 and ben本 through Sinoxenic vocabulary but conducts comparative analyses of similarities and differences in them as well. yuan元 means ‘beginning, first’ and ‘root, origin’ in Sinoxenic words. However, its role was replaced with yuan原 at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. yuan原was originally used to mean ‘first, beginning’ and ‘origin, source’, the former of which has strengthened and the latter of which has become transferred to yuan源to which more meanings of ‘root, by nature’ have been added since then. ben本 means ‘nature, essence, basis’ referring to the essence or nature itself, thereby differentiated both from yuan源, whose meaning indicates the origin of such essence or nature, and from yuan原, which means ‘first’ and ‘beginning (initial appearance or status)’.

Investors aim to maximize the return rate for their own investment, utilizing various information as possible as they can access. However those investors, especially individual investors, have limitations of interpretation of the domain-specific information or even the acquisition of the information itself. Thus, individual investors tend to make decision affectively and frequently, which may cause a loss in returns. This study aims to analyze analysts’ target price and to suggest the strategy that could maximize individual’s return rate. Most previous literature revealed that the optimistic bias exists in the analysts’ target price and it is also confirmed in this study. In this context, this study suggests the upper limit of target rate of returns and the optimal value named ‘alpha(α)’ which performs the adjustment of proposed target rate to maximize excess earning returns eventually. To achieve this goal, this study developed an optimization problem using linear programming. Specifically, when the analysts’ proposed target rate exceeds 30%, it could be adjusted to the extent of 59% of its own target rate. As apply this strategy, the investors could achieve 1.2% of excess earning rate on average. The result of this study has significance in that the individual investors could utilize analysts’ target price practically.

The ROK Army must detect the enemy’s location and the type of artillery weapon to respond effectively at wartime. This paper proposes a radar positioning model by applying a scenario-based robust optimization method i.e., binary integer programming. The model consists of the different types of radar, its available quantity and specification. Input data is a combination of target, weapon types and enemy position in enemy’s attack scenarios. In this scenario, as the components increase by one unit, the total number increases exponentially, making it difficult to use all scenarios. Therefore, we use partial scenarios to see if they produce results similar to those of the total scenario, and then apply them to case studies. The goal of this model is to deploy an artillery locating radar that maximizes the detection probability at a given candidate site, based on the probability of all possible attack scenarios at an expected enemy artillery position. The results of various experiments including real case study show the appropriateness and practicality of our proposed model. In addition, the validity of the model is reviewed by comparing the case study results with the detection rate of the currently available radar deployment positions of Corps. We are looking forward to enhance Korea Artillery force combat capability through our research.

With the spread of smart manufacturing, one of the key topics of the 4th industrial revolution, manufacturing systems are moving beyond automation to smartization using artificial intelligence. In particular, in the existing automatic machining, a number of machining defects and non-processing occur due to tool damage or severe wear, resulting in a decrease in productivity and an increase in quality defect rates. Therefore, it is important to measure and predict tool life. In this paper, v-ASVR (v-Asymmetric Support Vector Regression), which considers the asymmetry of є-tube and the asymmetry of penalties for data out of є-tube, was proposed and applied to the tool wear prediction problem. In the case of tool wear, if the predicted value of the tool wear amount is smaller than the actual value (under-estimation), product failure may occur due to tool damage or wear. Therefore, it can be said that v-ASVR is suitable because it is necessary to overestimate. It is shown that even when adjusting the asymmetry of є-tube and the asymmetry of penalties for data out of є-tube, the ratio of the number of data belonging to є-tube can be adjusted with v. Experiments are performed to compare the accuracy of various kernel functions such as linear, polynomial. RBF (radialbasis function), sigmoid, The best result isthe use of the RBF kernel in all cases

In this paper, we introduce a pilot's scheduling model which is able to maintain and balance their capabilities for each relevant skill level in military helicopter squadron. Flight scheduler has to consider many factors related pilot's flight information and spends a lot of times and efforts for flight planning without scientific process depending on his/her own capability and experience. This model reflected overall characteristics that include pilot's progression by basis monthly and cumulative flight hours, operational recent flight data and quickly find out a pinpoint areas of concern with respect to their mission subjects etc. There also include essential several constraints, such as personnel qualifications, and Army helicopter training policy’s constraints such as regulations and guidelines. We presented binary Integer Programming (IP) mathematical formulation for optimization and demonstrated its effectiveness by comparisons of real schedule versus model's solution to several cases experimental scenarios and greedy random simulation model. The model made the schedule in less than 30 minutes, including the data preprocessing process, and the results of the allocation were more equal than the actual one. This makes it possible to reduce the workload of the scheduler and effectively manages the pilot's skills. We expect to set up and improve better flight planning and combat readiness in Korea Army aviation.

English translators have many difficulties in choosing appropriate expressions to render ‘junzi 君子’ closely related to the East Asian Confucian cultural traditions into their language. James Legge’s renderings of junzi in Mencius, which vary depending on the context, are different from the contemporary tendencies to consistently translate junzi into the word ‘gentleman’ or the transliterated word ‘junzi.’ The paper argues that Legge’s various translations of junzi help us identify different nuances of meaning and reconsider some of our present conventional uses. It examines on the etymology of junzi and its historical and social development in the Warring States Period to examine Legge’s translation aspects. It also argues that Legge’s translation to specify junzi to a ruler, a prince and a sovereign sage in some controversial passages has a great influence on the English readers’ interpretation of the text. Legge’s specific translation directs readers to suppose that the Chinese word ‘junzi 君子’ is better understood as a benevolent ruler because he has the power to play a crucial role in achieving the true Kingly government and not simply a moral scholar.

YAG (Yttrium Aluminum Garnet, Y3Al5O12) has excellent plasma resistance and recently has been used as an alternative to Y2O3 as a chamber coating material in the semiconductor process. However, due to the presence of an impurity phase and difficulties in synthesis and densification, many studies on YAG are being conducted. In this study, YAG powder is synthesized by an organic-inorganic complex solution synthesis method using PVA polymer. The PVA solution is added to the sol in which the metal nitrate salts are dissolved, and the precursor is calcined into a porous and soft YAG powder. By controlling the molecular weight and the amount of PVA polymer, the effect on the particle size and particle shape of the synthesized YAG powder is evaluated. The sintering behavior of the YAG powder compact according to PVA type and grinding time is studied through an examination of its microstructure. Single phase YAG is synthesized at relatively low temperature of 1,000 ℃ and can be pulverized to sub-micron size by ball milling. In addition, sintered YAG with a relative density of about 98 % is obtained by sintering at 1,650 ℃.

Recognition that R&D (Research and Development) project is important for national competitiveness and sustainable economic growth has been extended all over the world, and the government financial support for R&D projects has increased. Therefore, government needs to make a decision about whether it invests in any project or not, and this decision-making complies with evaluation of the relevant experts. In this study, we improve project selection methods and procedures based on outranking methods which have mainly focused on general project environmental analysis in order to apply to the government support R&D project selection, and suggest R&D project selection methods and procedures that meet the purpose of government support. Therefore, it demonstrates that improved methods organize more profitable project groups to the purpose of the selecting government support R&D project than existing methods. Also, it illustrates that it is possible for decision makers to analyze variously by changing composition of selecting project group with variation of α.

In this work, α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals are synthesized by co-precipitation method and used as adsorbent to remove Cr6+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ from wastewater at room temperature. The prepared sample is evaluated by XRD, BET surface area, and FESEM for structural and morphological characteristics. XRD patterns confirm the formation of a pure hematite structure of average particle size of ~ 40 nm, which is further supported by the FESEM images of the nanocrystals. The nanocrystals are found to have BET specific surface area of ~ 39.18 m2 g−1. Adsorption experiments are carried out for the different values of pH of the solutions, contact time, and initial concentration of metal ions. High efficiency Cr6+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ removal occur at pH 3, 7, and 5.5, respectively. Equilibrium study reveals that the heavy metal ion adsorption of the α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals followed Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The Cr6+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ adsorption equilibrium data are best fitted to the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities of α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals related to Cr6+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ are found to be 15.15, 11.63, and 20 mg g−1, respectively. These results clearly suggest that the synthesized α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals can be considered as potential nano-adsorbents for future environmental and health related applications.

This study aims to present the differentiating factors of B2B salesperson competency through comparing the suppliers and buyers in Korean steel industry in their perception on the importance and priority of B2B salesperson competency. Based on previous studies, analysis on B2B salesperson competency has been analyzed using the B2B salesperson performance competency measure factors and appropriately reorganizing them for better application to the steel industry. The required performance competencies of B2B salesperson can be categorized into 3 different types, namely social exchange competency, advisory sales competency, and skill & knowledge competency. AHP analysis was performed for analyzing the relative importance of B2B salesperson competency based on the factors of previous studies, in which categorization of the aforementioned types had been done. As the result, first, it has been confirmed that there is a difference in 1st layer main factors between the supplier group and buyer group. The supplier group valued the advisory sales competency, while the buyer group valued skill & knowledge competency. Second, it has been proved that there is same result of relative importance in 2nd detailed factors between the supplier group and buyer group. Both group confirmed that customer member, identify customer needs and communication skill are very important factors. Third, as the result of analysis on the gap between B2B salesperson competency of the suppliers and buyers, the gap in the product knowledge and sales team member need improvement for buyer’s satisfaction according to overall results of relative importance and priority. The steel supplier was able to develop B2B salesperson competency according to the buyers’ needs based on the result of this study, and furthermore it is expected that this study will be able to contribute to increase in buyer competitiveness through differentiation in B2B salesperson competency.