Nitrate-selective ion exchange resin which have bulky tertiary amine as functional group have been synthesized by the reaction of chloromethylated polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer and the corresponding tertiary amine [NR3=NEt3 1, N(C2H4OH)3 2] in ethanol, while commercial resin has NMe3 as functional group. The fundamental properties such as bulk density, water content, appearance index, exchange capacity, effective size, uniformity coefficient of synthesized anion exchange resin (1) have been measured. The ion exchange resin (1) and (2) exhibited the better selectivity for nitrate than sulfate in both batch and continuous column experiments.

The concept of sustainable development in rural area, which is focused on both preservation of nature and human's amenity, has been common paradigm. The purpose of this study is to suggest the development directions for the environmentally friendly rural house. The planning items for developing sustainable rural house were selected through literature survey, case study, and their adaptation evaluation. The establishment of principles and the evaluation of planning items were analyzed by a survey to experts. The results are as follows : 1) It is showed that sustainability evaluation of rural village is rated as above the moderate degree, but rural house is rated as 3.4(average score). Especially, there were lowly evaluated the utility, material, structure and inner environment in rural house. 2) It is revealed that 76.7% of planning items are located in both the upper left and upper right hand quadrant of the action grid, which is drawn by the importance-performance analysis(IPA). And any item is not found in the lower right hand quadrant(Possible Overkill). 3) Two basic principles and eight optional principles we identified by analysis of factor and regression. The rural zone is identified as major effective element for applying planning items into the rural house development. So it is desirable to apply the items differently by the rural zone type. 4) In view of sustainable development, it is desirable for rural village to have about 50 houses, and for rural house to have 155~180 pyung(坪) as lot size, 30% as ratio of building, and 60% as building volume.

A kinetic study for nitrate removal by anion exchange resin was performed using continuous column reactors. Kinetic approach from the packed bed showed the reaction rate constant k1 was 0.07∼0.17 ℓ/㎎·hr and maximum exchange quantity q0 was 27.75∼31.81 ㎎/g. The results from the continuous column well agreed with that from the batch reactor. An economic analysis of the water treatment plant by anion exchange resin with a regenerating system was performed to design plant and process. Based on the treatment of 20 ㎎/ℓ nitrate-contained wastewater of 10,000 gallons per day to 2 ㎎/ℓ , total capital cost and total annual cost are estimated to be 836 million wons and 211 million wons, respectively.

From a ship's safe operation point of view, it is very important to estimate the navigational safety in a seaway. The seakeeping performance can be defined as the ability of a ship to go to sea, and to accomplish its missions successfully and safely even in adverse environmental conditions. There are several factors presently adopted for evaluating seakeeping performance. But a hardware of the system considering all these factors has not been developed since some of them can not be measured by sensors. In this paper, a synthetic method of evaluating navigational safety is developed by measuring the vertical and lateral acceleration. An experiment by using real measuring carried out on board the T/S 'HANNARA' The equipment was measured every 4 hours for more than 30 minutes the acceleration by accelerometer, analyzed its acceleration values and calculated navigational dangerousness. As the results of this on board experiment, the system is carried conviction to be useful as evaluating seakeeping performance.

A kinetic study for anion exchange was performed for commercially available Cl- type anion exchange resin in use to remove nitrate in water. The obtained results from the batch reactor were applied to the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The constants for Langmuir model were qmax=29.82 and b=0.202, and for Freundlich model were K=5.509 and n=1.772. Langmuir model showed better fit than Frendlich model for the experimental results. Ion exchange reaction rate was also calculated and the approximate first-order reaction, rate constant k1 was 0.16 L/㎎·hr. Effective diffusion coefficient was obtained in the range from 9.67×10 exp (-8) to 1.67×10 exp (-6) ㎠/sec for initial concentration change, and from 6.09×10 exp (-7) to 3.98×10 exp (-6) ㎠/sec for reaction temperature change. Activation energy during the diffusion was calculated as 36 ㎉/㏖.