영천, 경주 지역의 도덕산, 구미산, 인내산 주위의 주요 수계 하천의 중 상류 11~12개 지점에서 저서성 대형 무척추동물을 조사하였다. 수심, 유속, pH, 탁도(NTU), 전기전도도와 DO 등의 이화학적 환경도 측정하였다. 수심은 3.3~18.6 cm, 전기전도도는 35.5~223.1μs, DO는 5.66~10.73 mgL-1의 분포를 보였다. 대상 조사지점에서 총 78종이 출현하였으며, 수서곤

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a disease-specific exercise (DSE) on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function and neck mobility in TMJ dysfunction associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Ten AS patients (seven males and three females) with TMJ dysfunction were recruited for this study. The DSE included exercises to correct head and neck posture and to improve the flexibility of the neck and TMJs. The patients attended treatment three times a week for 4 weeks, averaging 1 hour each session. Assessments were performed pretreatment, posttreatment, and 6 weeks after the completion of treatment. General physical status was assessed by four clinical measures (tragus-to-wall distance, modified Schober test, lumbar side flexion, and intermalleolar distance), the Bath ankylosing spondylitis function index (BASFI), and the Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index. The main outcome measures included TMJ function (craniomandibular index (CMI)), and neck mobility (flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral rotation). None of the measures of general physical status, with the exception of BASFI, were significant1y different between the pretreatment, posttreatment, and 6-week follow-up (p>.05). However, CMI and all neck movements, except for extension, significant1y improved after the treatment (p<.05). These improvements were maintained during the follow-up period. The DSE used in the present study seems to be a clinical1y useful method for managing patients with symptoms from the stomatognathic system in AS. Further studies with more subjects and longer treatment times, including the follow-up period, will be conducted to validate these findings.

본 조사에서는 경기도 경안천의 중류에 위치한 소형보를 철거한 이후에 변화된 저서성 대형무척추동물의 군집을 조사하였다. 조사는 보가 있었던 지점의 상류와 하류, 그리고 중류 (보의 자리)에서 보의 철거 후 4회 (2004년 11월, 2005년 5월, 2006년 1월, 그리고 2006년 5월)에 걸쳐 Surber sampler (50×50 cm, 망목 0.25 mm)로 정량채집을 하였다. 조사의 결과, 조사지역에서는 총 4문 5강 11목 27과

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of spine orthosis and sit-to-stand motor strategies on ground reaction force (GRF) and lower extremity muscle activity. Twenty healthy adult men participated, and subjects randomly performed sit-to-stand motions in three different conditions: Momentum-transfer strategy (MTS); MTS with spine orthosis; and zero-momentum strategy (ZMS) with spine orthosis. GRF data, onset time, and muscle activity were determined and compared using force plate and electromyography. Data were statistically analyzed by the SPSS version 13.0. One-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the statistical significance, and least significant difference was used as a post hoc test. The level of significance was .05. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Peak GRF and relative time to peak GRF were not significantly different in the three different conditions (p>.05). 2. Onset time of four muscles, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, biceps femoris and rectus femoris, in the three different conditions were significantly different (p<.05). 3. The tibialis anterior and rectus femoris muscle activity before hip-off and tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and rectus fermoris muscle activity after hip-off were significantly different in the three different conditions (p<.05).

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of the hip internal rotation on gluteal and erector spinae muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity during treadmill walking. Eleven healthy subjects were recruited. All subjects performed treadmill walking while maintaining the hip in neutral position (condition 1) and in internal rotation (condition 2). Surface EMG activity was recorded from four muscles (gluteus maximus (GM), gluteus medius (GMED), tensor fascia latae (TFL), and erector spinae (ES)) and the hip internal rotation angle was measured using a three dimensional motion analysis system. The gait cycle was determined with two foot switches, and stance phase was normalized as 100% stance phase (SP) for each condition using the MatLab 7.0 program. The normalized EMG activities according to the hip rotation (neutral or internal rotation) were compared using a paired t-test. During the entire SP of treadmill walking, the EMG activities of GM in condition 1 were significantly greater than in condition 2 (p<.05). The EMG activities of TFL and ES in condition 2 were significantly greater than in condition 1 (p<.05). The EMG activities of the GMED in condition 1 were significantly greater than in condition 1 (p>.05) except for 80~100% SP. Further studies need randomized control trials regarding the effect of hip internal rotation on the hip and lumbar spine muscle activity. Kinetic variables during gait or going up and down stairs are also needed.

본 조사는 경남 우포습지 일대의 우포(4개 지점), 목포(2개 지점). 사지포(1개 지점), 쪽지벌(1개 지점), 여벌(1개 지점), 그리고 토평천 본류(2개 지점)를 대상으로 2002년 10월부터 2003년 8월까지 사계절에 걸친 저서성 대형무척추동물(저서무척추동물)의 다양성과 계절적 군집 특성을 규명하고자 실시되었다. 조사의 결과 우포습지는 연안대가 잘 발달하여 저서무척추동물의 서식에 양호한 환경을 지니고 있었지만, 홍수시 범람으로 인한 잦은 연안대의 교란이 저서무척추동물의 생존과 분포에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 조사기간 동안 채집된 저서무척추동물은 총 3문 7강 15목 59과 105속 135종으로 밝혀져서 우포습지가 지금까지 우리나라에서 알려진 습지 가운데 가장 높은 저서무척추동물 다양성을 나타냈다. 그 중에서 절지동물인 수서곤충류가 103종(파리목 27종, 잠자리목 24종, 딱정벌레목 19종 노린재목 16종, 하루살이목 9종, 날도래목 7종, 톡토기목 1종)으로 가장 많았고, 갑각류가 2종, 연체동물이 19종(복족류 12종, 이매패류 7종), 그리고 환형동물이 11종(빈모류 1종, 거머리류 10종) 채집되었다. 조사지점별 저서무척추동물상은 사지포(St.G)와 쪽지벌(St.H)에서 각각 54종과 53종이 출현하여 가장 높은 다양성을 나타냈고, 그 외의 거의 모든 지점도 40종이 넘게 출현하여 비교적 높은 다양성을 나타냈다. 정량채집(0.5m×2m) 자료에 의한 저서무척추동물 분류군의 개체수 구성비는 연체동물(5.3%), 환형동물(3.5%), 갑각류(3.2%)를 제외한 거의 모두가 수서곤충류(88.0%)로서 특히 파리목(61.0%)에 속하는 깔따구과의 개체수 현존량이 높았다. 개체수에 따른 우점종의 경우 정수역에서는 깔따구류, 잠자리류, 노린재류, 딱정벌레류, 갑각류, 복족류 등 우점종의 종류가 다양하였고, 유수역의 경우 깔따구류와 꼬마하루살이류가 대체로 우점하였다. 그러나 생체량을 고려할 때 복족류(논우렁이류)가 대체로 우점하는 저서무척추동물이었다. 우점도지수는 가을 0.22～0.51(평균±표준편차 0.42±0.09), 겨울 0.31～0.96(0.62±0.23). 여름 0.30～0.89(0.57±0.18)였고, 다양도지수는 가을 3.50～4.26(3.80±0.24), 겨울 1.55～4.50(3 10±1.01), 여름 1.35～3.77(2.55±0.69)였다. 홍수 후의 조사에서 노린재류, 딱정벌레류, 복족류 등 이동성이 높거나 완전히 수중생활에 적응한 종류의 회복이 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 전체 조사지점 중에서 우포와 사지포의 평균 다양도지수가 가장 높게 나타나서 그 지역이 양호한 저서무척추동물의 서식처를 형성하고 있음을 시사하였다.

This research was performed to compare spinal segment motion angle between low back pain (LBP) group and painless group during trunk flexion-extension and to investigate the effect of transversus abdominis strengthening exercise on spinal segment motion angle in LBP group. Nine subjects with LBP and ten subjects without LBP participated. Transversus abdominis strengthening exercise was performed in LBP group for three weeks, and spinal segment motion angles were compared before and after the exercise performance. Spinal segment motion angles were measured both in sitting and standing position. Results were as followed: 1) Subjects' average age was 24.79 years, height was 167.84 cm, and weight was 59.95 kg. 2) Spinal segment motion angle of T10/l1 was significantly higher in LBP group compared with painless group (p<.05) in sitting position during trunk flexion-extension. 3) In sitting position, whereas entire lumbar segment motion angles were lower in LBP group compared with painless group (p<.05), angle of L4/5 was higher in LBP group compared with painless group (p<.05). 4) There was no significant difference in thoracic segment motion angle in standing position. 5) After three weeks of transversus abdominis strengthening exercise, thoracic segment motion angle increased both in sitting and standing position (p<.05). 6) In painless group, there was no significant difference in entire spinal segment motion angles in sitting and standing position (p>.05). When spinal segment motion angles were compared between sitting and standing position, there were slight differences. In sitting position, there was no difference in spinal segment motion angle between LBP group and painless group while hip joint motion angle and sacral inclination angle of LBP group was lower than those of painless group (p<.05). In standing position, lumbar segment motion angle was significantly lower in LBP group than that of painless group. Transversus abdominis strengthening exercise influenced thoracic segment motion angle more significantly than lumbar segment motion angle.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of thoracic flexibility exercise on chest function and mobility and to provide the information of physical therapy for patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Forty female subjects who were diagnosed with scoliosis participated in this study and were divided into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group consisted of 20 patients who were treated with thoracic flexibility exercise program during the admission (10 days) ad one month after discharge. The control group consisted of 20 patients who were not treated with thoracic flexibility exercise program. Vital capacity was measured using a respirometer. The chest expansion were calculated using differences of chest circumference between maximum inspiration and maximum expiration measured under armpits, at the junction between the sternum and xyphoid process, and at the waist. All subjects were measured two times: before the admission and at one month after discharge. Data were compared by groups using independent t-test, Vital capacity and chest expansion values (the armpit, chest and waist values) were significantly higher for the experimental group compared to those of the control group (p<.05). The findings of this study show that thoracic flexibility exercise program can lead to an increase in vital capacity and chest expansion and has a positive effects in relieving symptoms and restoring thoracic mobility.

본 연구는 1999년 9월부터 2000련 8월까지 1년간 강원도 평창군 소재 평창강 일대의 15개 조사지점을 대상으로 계절별로 저서성 대형무척추동물을 채집, 분류, 동정하고 현지 수질을 생태학적으로 평가한 것이다. 총 4문 4강 10목 31과 77속 109종이 채집되었으며, 조사지점 중 진부면 간평리에서 53종(48.0%)이 채집되어 가장 많은 종들이 출현하였고 마하리와 창동리에서도 각각 51종(46.7%), 50종(45.8%)이 채집되었다. 그러나 수

요통은 산업화된 현대사회에서 흔히 발생하는 질환이다. 요통의 다양한 원인 중에서도 척추의 정상 가동범위를 넘은 불안정성이 요통의 한 원인으로 보고되고 있다. 이 문헌고찰의 목적은 요추 부위의 안정성을 부여하는 운동 프로그램 후 근육 기능의 강화, 통증의 감소를 보고한 논문들을 비교, 분석하는 것이다. 그리하여 요통의 한 원인인 척추의 안정성을 증가시켜 요추 부위의 통증을 감소시키고 기능을 향상시키는 운동 프로그램의 효과를 입증하는 것이다.

이 연구의 목적은 노인들 중, 넘어지는 사람들(fallers)과 안 넘어지는 사람들(nonfallers)의 경부, 체간, 하지의 관절가동범위를 측정하여 비교하는 것이다. 본 연구대상은 남자 6명, 여자 22명, 나이 65세에서 88세의 노인으로 독립적으로 활동할 수 있는 사람들을 두 개의 집단으로 한 사람씩 면접을 통해 분류하였다. 대상자 선정 이전 일년 동안 한번 이상 넘어진 경험이 있는 사람들을 넘어진 사람들로 규정, 그리고 넘어진 경험이 없는 사람

난황형성(vitellogenesis)은 난생동물의 번식에서 매우 중요한 과정으로 간에서 난황전구물질(vitellogenin,Vg)의 생성과 단백질 수준에서 Vg의 변형과 난자내 축적 및 난황물질(vitellin)로의 전환을 포함한다. 난황은 경골어류의 배아의 영양물질 및 삼투압 조절을 통한 부유특성의 조절에 관여한다. 척추동물의 Vg유전자는 lipoprotein계열의 유전자로 복수의 Vg유전자가 존재하며 서로 다른 크기의 Vg단백질을 암호화한다. 에스트