시멘트제조공정에서 중요공정인 슬래그 미분말 공정 중에서 분슬래그 이송공정 정 지시간을 조사해 보니 84.6% 차지하여 생산성의 매우 낮은 실정이라 시급히 개선이 요구 되어 QC 문제해결 과정을 통해 개선전 3.45 (h/일)에서 개선후 1.09 (h/일)으로 낮 추어 연간 5400만원을 절감하였다.

Lumbopelvic stabilization exercise has become the most popular treatment method in lumbar rehabilitation since its effectiveness was shown in some aspects of pain and disability. The abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) has been extensively implemented to promote lumbopelvic stability. However, performing ADIM correctly is difficult even for healthy subjects, and it is time consuming to train people in ADIM. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare abdominal muscle [rectus abdominalis (RA), external oblique (EO), and transverse abdominis/internal oblique (TrA/IO)] activity during lumbopelvic stabilization exercises (ADIM only, ADIM with a ball, maximum exhalation only, and maximum exhalation with a ball) performed in a supine position with feet against a wall. Fifteen healthy subjects were recruited for this study. Surface electromyography was used to measure abdominal muscle activity during lumbopelvic stabilization exercises. A one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to determine the statistical significance of RA, EO, and TrA/IO muscle activity during four lumbopelvic stabilization exercises. Both-side TrA/IO muscle activity was significantly greater with maximum exhalation with a ball than with ADIM only or ADIM with a ball (p<.008). The results of this study suggest that maximum exhalation with a ball can be used as an effective lumbopelvic stabilization exercise to increase TrA/IO muscle activity in healthy subjects.

Abdominal muscle plays a crucial role in postural control and respiration control. However, thickness of abdominal muscle in the paretic side of a hemiplegic patient has not been reported in previous studies. The purpose of this research was to compare lateral abdominal muscle thickness between the nonparetic and paretic side in patients with chronic stroke using rehabilitative ultrasound imaging. Twenty two patients with chronic stroke participated in this study. Absolute thickness of transversus abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO) and external oblique (EO) was measured at the end of inspiration and expiration during quiet breathing, and relative thickness was calculated (thickness of each muscle as a percentage of total muscle thickness). Ultrasound imaging was recorded three times and the average value was determined for statistical analysis. Differences in absolute and relative lateral abdominal muscle thickness between the nonparetic and paretic side were assessed with paired t-tests. Absolute muscle thickness of the paretic side TrA was thinner than that of the nonparetic side at the end of inspiration and expiration during quiet breathing. Relative muscle thickness of the paretic side TrA was thinner than the paretic side only at the end of expiration during quiet breathing (p>.05). Therefore, it is necessary to strength TrA in patients with chronic stroke during physical therapy intervention. Further study is needed whether physical therapy intervension will induce TrA thickness in patients with chronic stroke in prospective study design.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of submerged relaxation therapy for the spasticity on the affected side in three subjects with post-stroke hemiparesis. A single-subject alternating design with multiple baselines across individuals was employed in this study. Each subject alternately participated in a range of motion exercises on the mat and in the pool, and relaxation exercises in the pool. The muscle tone of the affected side was measured using the tone assessment scale (TAS). Measurements were made immediately and one hour following the intervention. The findings showed a therapeutic effect of submerged relaxation exercise on reducing spasticity for all subjects. The effect of submerged relaxation exercise on decreasing muscle tone was maintained for one hour measurements after the submerged relaxation exercise, although the mean TAS score assessed one hour after intervention was higher than that assessed immediately. The results of this study suggest that submerged relaxation exercise has a positive effect on decreasing spasticity on the affected side in persons suffering from post-stroke hemiparesis. Future research on submerged relaxation exercise should focus on objective evaluation and functional the aspects relevant to activities of daily living.

Although conservative management of congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) has been well documented, relatively little is known about the response to the treatment. The purposes of this case report were to describe the use of a therapeutic approach based on motor development in physical therapy intervention for an infant with CMT and to report the result of the treatment. The patient was a 20-day-old baby boy with left CMT presenting muscular mass in the left sternocleidomastoid muscle. The angle of the lateral head tilt was 20 degrees. The size of muscular mass was 5.3 mm in ultrasonography. Intervention included ultrasonic therapy, soft tissue massage, passive and active range of motion exercises, motor developmental therapy, and parent instruction. The procedures of motor developmental therapy and changes in the amount of lateral head tilt were documented using photography. The size of the mass was decreased to .3 mm before the 5-month follow-up. The patient also maintained a midline head position in the supine position and a midline head alignment during all functional activities. A therapeutic approach based on motor development is a beneficial method for reducing an asymmetrical head and neck position, and facilitating normal development as a component of physical therapy intervention.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of thoracic flexibility exercise on chest function and mobility and to provide the information of physical therapy for patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Forty female subjects who were diagnosed with scoliosis participated in this study and were divided into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group consisted of 20 patients who were treated with thoracic flexibility exercise program during the admission (10 days) ad one month after discharge. The control group consisted of 20 patients who were not treated with thoracic flexibility exercise program. Vital capacity was measured using a respirometer. The chest expansion were calculated using differences of chest circumference between maximum inspiration and maximum expiration measured under armpits, at the junction between the sternum and xyphoid process, and at the waist. All subjects were measured two times: before the admission and at one month after discharge. Data were compared by groups using independent t-test, Vital capacity and chest expansion values (the armpit, chest and waist values) were significantly higher for the experimental group compared to those of the control group (p<.05). The findings of this study show that thoracic flexibility exercise program can lead to an increase in vital capacity and chest expansion and has a positive effects in relieving symptoms and restoring thoracic mobility.

도시공원의 자연성을 높일 수 있는 방안을 제시하기 위한 기초자료로 광주시의 대표적인 근린공원 4개소를 대상으로 식생구조 및 야생조류군집의 특성을 조사하고 그 연관성을 검토하였다. 군집의 특성 중 일부 공원에서 군집간에 서로 밀접하게 관련되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 조류의 종 및 개체밀도는 식생의 발달이 왕성한 천이과정의 식생구조를 보이는 송정공원과 상무공원에서 상대적으로 높게 나타났으나. 비교적 단순한 인공식생을 이루고 있는 안청공원에서는 낮게 나타났다. 상층수관이 발달한 사직공원에서는 교목의 수관 및 고사목을 채이 및 번식장소로 이용하는 종류가, 중층이 가장 발달한 상무공원의 경우는 관목층에서 채이 및 번식하는 종류가, 하층이 발달한 송정공원에서는 땅바닥에서 채이하는 종류가 각각 가장 높은 비율을 차지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 수종의 종다양도와 조류의 종다양도 사이에는 유의한 상관관계가 나타나지 않았으나, 비교적 상층과 중층에서 활엽수가 우세한 사직공원과 상무공원에서 조류의 종다양도가 비교적 높은 것으로 나타났다.

The purposes of this study were to investigate the therapeutic effects of an early exercise program after mastectomy and to provide the early exercise program protocol for patients who had undergone mastectomy. The subjects were seventy women who were diagnosed with breast cancer. They were randomly as signed either to a experimental group (n=35) that received early postoperative exercise program or to a control group (n=35) that received only education by nurses. Data were obtained for each patient from goniometric measurements of shoulder flexion, abduction, external rotation, 10 elements of functional performance, and subjective pain evaluation using visual analogue scale (VAS). All variables were measured preoperatively, three days postoperatively, and one month postoperatively. Data were compared by groups using independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test for parametric or non-parametric data, respectively. There were no significant differences between the groups for all variables preoperatively and at three days postoperatively. But there were significant differences at one month postoperatively. The experimental group showed a statistically significant increases in shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation and in the pain VAS at one month postoperatively (p<.05). Also, at one month postoperatively, the experimental group had less difficulty with three elements of functional performance-doing up a 'back' zippered article of clothing, reaching the ipsilateral scapula, and contralateral scapula with the fingers on the operated side-than the control group (p<.05). The results of this study suggest that, after mastectomy, the early exercise program conducted by a well-trained physical therapist can make a significant contribution to the return of more normal shoulder function and activities of daily living and to an increased quality of life.

This paper offers an approach to physical therapy and rehabilitation procedure for the temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD). Forms of physical therapy are used in the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions that include TMD joint disorders. However, there still remains a void in the study as to the various rehabilitative protocols used on those patients with TMD. Recent evidence in clinical trials show that physical therapy is helpful for patients with TMD. Exercise programs designed to improve physical fitness had beneficial effects on TMD pain and dysfunction. This study establishes treatment procedures of physical therapy and provides a method of evaluation for patients with TMD disorders.

The purposes of this study were to assess the effect of therapeutic exercise and to offer an approach to the physical therapy and rehabilitation procedure of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) following surgery. In this research, 42 patients with TMJ surgery were assigned one of two groups. The experimental group included 21 patients who performed therapeutic exercise, and the control group included 21 patients who did not perform therapeutic exercise. Conservative therapy such as an ice pack, a hot pack, and pulsed ultrasound was applied to both groups. Treatment was applied twice a day during the admission period and, after discharge, everyday for six weeks. Visual analogue scale (VAS), incisal biting force, and joint ROM were measured before surgery and at 30 days after surgery. The results were as follows: VAS (p<0.05), mouth opening (p<0.01), lateral excursion to unaffected side (p<0.05), and protrusion (p<0.05) between experimental group and control group showed statistically significant differences. Incisal biting force and lateral excursion to affected side between experimental group and control group showed no statistically significant difference.

The purpose of this study was to identify the differences in pulmonary functioning after respiratory exercise with IPPB (Intermittent Positive Pressure Breather) in patients with progressive muscular dystrophy (PMD). The subjects were 46 patients with PMD who were admitted to the Rehabilitation Medicine Department of Youngdong Severance Hospital. The subjects were assigned into one of 2 groups. The control group received comprehensive treatments such as ROM exercise, deep breathing exercise, moist hot packs, and ultrasound twice a day while admitted at the Rehabilitation Medicine Department. Unlike the control group, the subjects at the experimental group received respiratory exercise treatment with IPPB. The subjects were admitted for 10~19 days, and the average length of hospital stay was 12.2 days. Pulmonary functioning was evaluated at admission and discharge by SENSOR MEDICS. The data were analyzed by a paired t-test and a independent t-test. The results were as follows: 1) The change of each parameter of pulmonary function tests were significantly improved in all groups after respiratory exercise treatment during admission (p<0.05). 2) By comparing the change of each parameter of pulmonary function tests between the experimental group and control group, the parameters of vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity, forced vital capacity predicted (FVCP) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) were significantly improved in the experimental group which had received the pulmonary exercise treatment with IPPB (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study suggests that the pulmonary exercise treatments with IPPB facilitated improvement in the pulmonary functioning for the PMD patients during their hospital stay.

경관은 생태적인 공간구조와 인간에 의산 시각상의 두 개의 다른 측면을 가진다. 따라서 경관평가는 그 양면에서 평가가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 무등산도립공원에 대하여 생태 및 시각 특성의 양면에서 경관평가를 시도하고, 이것과 현재의 용도지구를 검토하였다. 그 결과 보존가치가 매우 높게 평가된 지역이 자연환경 지구로 지정되어 있으며 보존가치가 낮게 평가된 지역이 자연보존지구내에 존재하는 등 불합리하게 지정되어 있음이 지적되었다. 또 자연공원의 관리계획상, 생태평가와 시각평가에 기초한 경관평가를 실시하여 그 결과를 반영한 보존위주의 보다 합리적인 용도지구안을 제시하였다.

본 연구는 도시공원의 식생경관을 보전하여 도시의 개성과 아름다움을 창조, 유지, 관리할 수 있도록 하기 위한 기초적인 연구로써, 도시공원의 식생경관이 주변의 건축물 등과 조화를 이룰 수 있도록 개발을 유도할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 광주공원의 식생경관을 대상으로 CAD에 의한 시각 시뮬레이션 응용방법에 의한 분석은 앞으로 시각 시뮬레이션 방법이 식생경관을 보전 할 수 있는 객관적인 판단 근거를 제시할 수 있는 가능성을 보여주었다. 그러나, 본 연구와 같이 근거리의 식생경관을 분석할 경우는 수목의 위치, 수목의 성상, 식생구조 등이 매우 중요한 요소로써 인식되고 있다. 따라서 분석작업의 효육을 높이고 컴퓨터의 활용효과를 높이기 위해서는 대상지에 대한 면밀한 조사방법과 수목의 표현방법, 그리고 상세한 자료입력방법에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

지리산 국립공원지역에서 주연부식생구조 및 출현수종을 밝히기 위하여 1991년 8~10월 사이에 현지조사를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 고지대 북동사면의 주연부로부터 삼림내부로의 거리 증가에 따라 하층수종의 상대우점치가 변화하였다. 주연부로부터 30m까지 식생구조의 변화가 있었으며, 주연부의 깊이는 15~20m 이었다. 고도, 지형적위치 및 방위요인이 주연부 수종과 출현빈도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 주연부식생은 능선과 산록부간의 지형적 위치와 중복부 이상에서의 남향과 북향의 방위간에 심한 차이를 나타냈다. 남.북사면간의 하층식생구조를 비교해 볼 때, 개체수와 피도는 북사면에서, 반대로 수종 수, 종다양도 및 조릿대 피도는 남사면에서 더 많거나 높게 나타났다.

속리산 지역내에 생육하고 있는 목본식물을 대상으로 현지조사를 하였으며, 총 44과 89속 140종 10변종 및 2품종이 조사되었다. 한편 국내의 몇 지역과 비교하여 속리산 식물상의 식물지리학적인 분포특성을 파악하고자, 백두산, 설악산, 지리산 및 속리산 등 내륙지역 4개지역, 어유정도, 덕적군도, 고군산군도 및 제주도 등 도서지역 4개 지역등 총 8개 지역의 식물상과 상호 비교하였다. 속리산의 식물상은 설악산 및 지리산의 식물상과 가장 유사하였으며, 단풍나무과, 두릅나무과, 참나무과, 피나무과 및 느릅나무과와 같은 북방계 식물 및 노박덩굴과, 메꽃과, 대극과, 갈매나무과, 가지과, 돌나물과, 쐐기풀과 등과 같은 남방계 식물이 유입되어 있는 것으로 해석되었다.

치악산 국립공원의 이용자특성은 남자가 64.7%, 20대 (20~29세) 72.5%. 고졸이상의 학력소지자가 95%이었다. 탐방의 특성을 보면 치악산이 갖고 있는 좋은점을 계곡의 물, 자연경관, 나무 및 숲 등으로 나타내고 있는 자연공원적인 성격과 체류기간에 있이 일일 방문객이 75.5%로 근린공원적인 성격을 갖고 있으며, 또한 탐방목적에 있어서는 피크닉행태와 유원지적 위락행태가 동시에 나타나고 있다. 활동장소의 특성은 계곡의 물가를 찾거나 등산을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 이용객이 가장 많은 구룡사 계곡의 경우 오전 10시에 입장객이, 오후 5시에 하산객이 최고에 달하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 치악산 국립공원은 자연공원적 성격의 등산행태와 근린공원성격의 행락행태, 도시근교의 유원지적 행태를 고려하여, 주변 자연경관과의 기능적인 상충성을 충분히 고려한 관리방안이 필요하다.

Recently, design and construction of street tunnels tend to focus on cost reduction and preservation of nature. Accordingly, research is actively being carried out to quickly detect fires when they occur in tunnels. In this study, a fire monitoring system that can accurately detect the location of fires in real time using shape memory alloy and optical cables was developed.

최근 도로터널은 비용절감 및 자연보호를 위하여 설계 및 시공이 증가되고 있는 추세이며, 이 때문에 반밀폐 구조인 터널내의 화재에 대비하여 화재 발생 시 신속히 감지할 수 있는 연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. 그 중에서도 광섬유 센서를 이용한 화재 감지법은 대역폭이 넓기 때문에 전송속도가 빠르고, 빛을 매개체로 하여 전기적인 간섭을 받지 않아 전송 도중에 정보 손실이 거의 없을 뿐만 아니라 노이즈 또한 적은 장점을 가지고 있어 이에 따른 연구와 현장 적용이 이루어지고 있다. 이와 관련하여 본 논문에서는 형상기억합금과 광케이블을 이용하여 실시간으로 화재 발생위치를 정확하게 감지할 수 있는 화재 감지 시스템을 개발하였다. 개발된 방법의 검증을 위하여 실내에서 온도변화에 따른 광 손실량 측정 실험을 수행하였으며, 거리 및 온도 등의 외부환경이 다른 지하공동구에 test bed를 설치하여 화재 모의실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 본 연구에서 개발한 화재감지시스템은 실시간으로 장거리 구간의 화재를 감지할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

본 논문에서는 비부착식 진동측정기법에 의한 공용중 교량의 진동사용성을 평가하고자 레이저 진동측정장치를 이용하여 진동사용성 평가 실험을 하였으며, 그 결과를 가속도계 및 처짐계를 사용하여 얻은 결과와 비교 분석 하였다. 레이저 진동측정장치의 측정에 대한 정확도는 실교량의 고유진동수를 측정하고, 이를 가속도계로 구한 값과 비교함으로서 검증하였다. 진동사용성 평가 실험 및 비교 분석 결과에 의하면, 측정속도의 수치미분을 통하여 가속도를 추정하고, 가속도 진폭에 대한 Reiher-Meister 진동사용성 평가기준을 이용함으로써 공용중 교량의 진동사용성을 평가할 수 있으며, 추정된 변위 진폭에 대한 경우 측정속도의 시간영역 수치적분 과정에서 발생된 오차로 인해 실제 측정된 변위 진폭에 대한 진동사용성 등급과는 다른 결과를 얻을 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.