MMOPRG는 게임의 장르적 특성상 플레이어가 게임월드(Game World)의 환경에 매우 큰 영향을 받는다. 따라서 게임월드에 구현되어진 물리적환경은 게이머에게 사실감과 몰입감을 주는 중요한 요소이다. 또한 구현된 물리적 환경이 게임 플레이에 영향을 주는 게임 시스템은 게임 플레이어에게 더 많은 사실감과 몰입감을 줄 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 현재 서비스되고 있는 MMORPG를 중심으로 어떠한 지구환경요소가 구현 되었고, 구현된 지구환경요소가 게임 플레이에 어떠한 영향을 주는 게임시스템이 구현되고 있는지 현황을 조사하였다. 지구환경을 시뮬레이션한 게임 시스템 즉, EESS(Simulative System of Earth Environment)를 디자인하기 위해서는 어떠한 문제점이 있는지 알아보았고, EESS를 좀더 쉬운 방법으로 접근하기 위해서 게임 월드에 구현된 환경의 대기상태, 풍향, 풍속, 일기현상 등의 상태정보를 처리하는 시스템인 '환경정보시스템(Environment Information System)' 개발을 보완기술로 모색하였다.

The purpose of this study is to present the model of ecological restoration through analysis on the condition of hydrach succession process in brackish water lake. To this study, we investigate and research the present condition of brackish water lake in South Korea. Most brackish water lake in South Korea have characteristics that is come into being malignant hydrach succession. Many lakes were reclaimed to increase foodstuff production. And river conservation work seperate lakes from the ocean. In a embryological view, most lakes based on the brackish water lakes. But present lakes show many different types such as a fresh water lake, a salt lake, a brackish water lake, a swamp, and a marshland. As a result, brackish water lakes have greatly damaged by diverse artificial interventions to promote people's activities. Therefore, in order to manage brackish water lakes systematically, criteria of lake preservation must be coincide with the present conditions of hydrach succession in each lake.

Die Postmodeme wird als wichtiger Begriff venvendet, um die heutige Zeit zu beschreiben, besonders in der Philosophie und in der Kunst. Sie hat in vielen Bereichen unseres Lebens, wie z.B. der Architektur, Kultur, Film, Ballett, Religion, Politik und Mode ihre Wirkungskreise gezogen. Auch in der Musik des 20. Jh. wurde Postmodeme als ein wichtiges Pha¨nomen akzeptiert. Besonders zeichnet sich die musikalische Postmodeme aus durch ihre U¨benvindung der Kluft zwischen artifizieller Musik und Trivialmusik. In diesem Zusammenhant wird "Crossover" ein wichtiges Merkmal der Musik in unserer Zeit. In dieser Studie wurde versucht, aus dem Aspekt der musikalischen Postmodeme Crossover zu untersuchen. In der Moderne wurde die Tradition kritisch bea¨ugelt, was mit einem verlangen nach Neuem ausgedru¨ckt wurde. Hier war Kunst weniger ein Genussobjekt denn ein Erkenntnisobjekt, das ho¨here Werte wie <Wahrheit> und <Gesellschaftskritik> zu erkennen und zu erfu¨llen hatte. Diese Sichtweise teilten Komponisten wie auch das Publikum. Der Komponist schuf also ein Werk, dem er einen ho¨heren Sinn verlieh, wa¨hrend dem Publikwn abverlangt wurde, dass es diese Bedeuhmg erkennt und nachvollzieht. Dies fu¨hrte aber zu einer Zweiteilung der Kunst in eine hohe Kunst und eine niedere Kunst oder' auch Trivialkunst. Adomos Teilung der Musikkultur des 20. Jahrhunderts in Avantgarde und Kitsch bringt diese Situation auf den Punkt. Demnach na¨herte sich die Position der Kunst fu¨r die Kunst einem immer elita¨reren und akademischeren Denken, wa¨drend die Massenkultur dank der Vermarktung immer weiter verbreitet wurde, was einen tiefen Abgrund zwischen den beiden verursachte. Doch in der Postmodeme wurde dieses dichotomische Denken verurteilt. L. Fiedler Wckt dies so aus : "Die Vorstellung von einer Kunst fu¨r die 'Gebildeten' und einer Subkunst fu¨r die 'Ungebildeten' bezeugt den letzten U¨berrest einer a¨rgerlichen Unterscheidung innerhalb der industrialisierten Massengesellschaft, wie sie nur einer Klassengesellschafi zustiinde." Kunst in der Postmodeme ist kein Gegenstand des Erkennens, sondem ein a¨sthetisches Erlebnis an dem man teilhaben kann. Dies fihrte zur U¨berwindung des Abgrundes zwischen hoher und niederer Kunst. Ausdruck und Subjektivitat wurden die neuen Schlagworter fu¨r die Komponisten und gerade in letzter Zeit treten immer haufiger Crossover-Formen in Erscheinung, wie z.B. bei dem Pianisten Friedrich Gulda, der klassische Werke auf jazzige Weise improvisiert oder aber auch bei zahlreichen Konzerten, wo klassische Musk und Unterhaltungsmusik unter einem Dach und Fach gebracht werden. Diese Beispiele zeugen Air den Wandel im musikalischen Denken beztkglich einer A¨sthetisierung des Alltagsleben, was als Versuch gesehen wird, Kunst und Produkte der Kunstvermarktung zu erga¨nzen. In diesem Wandlung der musikalischen Anschauung wurde "Crossover" ein wichtiges Chamkterikum unser Zeit. Aber nach der Untersuchung von "Crossover" in artizifieller Musik wurde festgestellt, daß "Corssover" nur ein kleiner Teil der heutigen Musikkulur ist. Die sog. postmodeme Komponisten wie K. Penderecki, W. Rihm, G. Rochberg haben auf einer anderen Weise musikalische Postmodeme in seiner Komposition ausgedrcu¨ckt, und fast keine "Crossover"-Musik komponiert. Nir in dem Bereich der Unterhaltungsmusik la¨ßt sich mehrere Versuche zur U¨berwindung des Grabens zwischen artifizieller Musik und Unterhaltungsmusik finden. So ist es no¨tig, daß wir die Bedeutung von "Crossover" genau erkennen und nicht Ubertreiben.

It is claimed in the literature (e.g., Suh 1990, Sohn 1995, etc.) that an NPI freezes the scope relation between a quantifier (QP) and negation: a QP to the left of an NPI scopes over negation and a QP to the right of an NPI scopes under negation. (A QP scopes over or under negation when no NPI is around.) The scope freezing effect induced by NPIs has been accounted for by (often tacitly made) assumptions that (i) NPIs are in the scope of negation; (ii) the negation scope is NegP; and (iii) NPIs are licensed at the SPEC of NegP. This paper first provides sets of data showing that the so-called scope freezing effect is not a well established generalization. Once the scope freezing effect turns out to be an illusion, theories based on the generalization should be reconsidered. Thus, this paper discusses some related issues and leads to the following conclusions: (i) NegP does not necessarily indicate the negation scope: (ii) NPIs may be located outside of negation scope at least in some environments, where they have a Free Choice reading; and (iii) contra Sells (2001), the NPI distribution in Korean cannot be captured in terms of the `command` relation but in terms of the `government` relation based on Chung`s (1995) typology of negation licensing.

본 연구에서는 사류 및 부압이 발생하는 자유수면을 가진 댐 상류 및 여수로에서 물의 흐름의 동수역학적인 거동을 파악하기 위하여 수치모형을 적용하였다. 댐 건설시, 댐 상류에서의 유동을 알아보기 위하여 2차원 수치모형인 RMA2를 이용하였고, 접근부에서의 3차원적 흐름과 여수로, 방류관 등에서의 흐름분포를 평가하기 위하여 3차원 CFD 프로그램인 FLUENT를 사용하였다. 수치모의에서는 지형 및 구조물에 관한 세부인자들이 수치모형을 구성하는 데 사용되었다

Jong-Bok Kim. 2003. Focus Projections in English, Korean, and Greek and Their Topological Implications. Studies in Modern Grammar 32, 1-23. One of the important issues in information packaging theory is how to capture the projection of focus at sentence level. This paper shows that in three typological different languages (English: SVO, Korean: SOV, Greek: VSO), the order in argument structure (rather than linear order) plays an important role in determining various possibilities of inheritance of focus. This paper proposes that what is relevant for determining the possibility of VP focus in such cases is the argument structure ordered not in terms of theta-roles but in terms of grammatical relations. The need for such a level of argument structure gets strong motivations from phenomena such as binding, control, relativization, and so forth. Following this line, we assume that the argument structure with grammatical functions is ordered as SUBJ-OBJ-OBJ2-OBLIQUE in which if A precedes B in the argument-structure, A has a higher rank than (i. e. outranks) B. This comparative study among three typologically different languages reveals that the variations in the ordering of grammatical functions induce the differences in focus projections. In addition, the focus projections in the three languages support the view that the argument structure hierarchy is the locus of focus projection.

The meteorological elements were measured to investigate cause of summertime ice formation at Unchiri, Gangwon Province. The cause of freezing at valley was conformed as adiabatic expansion theory, latent heat of evaporation, natural convective theory, cold air remain theory, and convective freezing theory according to former study. However nither theory produced a satisfactory explanation. This studying area is not valley but ridge, and underground water surface exists at below than freezing height. wintertime temperature drop and summertime cold air spouting were explain as natural convective theory, generation of water drop on the rock was explained as cooling theory by air expansion, and ice formation on the rock was explained as adiabatic expansion theory. In conclusion, formation of ice valley at Unchiri was formed by natural convective theory, adiabatic expansion theory, and latent heat of evaporation successively.

방해석 표면에 의한 Cd2+의 흡착연구를 하였다. 흡착실험에서 사용한 Cd의 농도는 10-8 로서 CdCO3(s)의 침전농도 보다 낮은 농도를 유지하도록 조절하였다. NaClO4를 전해질로 사용하여 이온농도를 달리 한 실험 결과 Cd2+의 흡착은 용액의 이온세기와는 무관한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 Cd2+의 방해석 표면 흡착이 특징적인 성질을 갖고 inner sphere surface complex를 형성한다는 것을 암시한다. 흡착반응은 초기의 매우 빠른 흡착시기와 후기의 지속적인 느린 흡착시기의 2단계로 구분되었다. 특히, 후기의 느린 흡착시기에는 약 145시간 경과 후 최대정상상태 (steady state maximum)에 도달하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 Cd2+의 농도가 낮아 방해석 표면에 CdCO3(s)의 침전 형성에 의한 반응은 고려되지 않았다. 방해석 표면으로부터 Cd2+의 탈착반응은 일정시간의 흡착 반응이 경과된 후 초기 흡착 실험 시와 같은 농도의 과포화 용액을 사용하여 Cd2+을 흡착한 방해석이 새로운 용액에 재 평형을 이루도록 반응을 유도하였다. 일반적으로 탈착실험에서는 새로운 과포화용액에 방해석을 넣자마자 매우 빠른 탈착반응을 보여준다. 그 이후는 2가지의 다른 경향성을 보여주며 새로운 평형에 도달하는 것으로 나타난다. 초기의 빠른 탈착반응 시기 뒤 느린 흡착반응이 지속적으로 일어나 일정 시간 경과 후 다시 평형을 이루거나, 느린 탈착반응이 계속적으로 지속되어 일정 시간 경과 후 새로운 평형을 이루는 2가지로 나타났다. 이러한 부분적으로 비가역적인 흡착 반응과 탈착반응은 실제 자연계에서 Cd2+의 유동성을 결정짓는 매우 중요한 인자로 작용할 것으로 생각된다. 흡착 반응 및 탈착반응의 평형상수 값은 이들 반응이 서로 동일한 기작에 의하여 조절됨을 보여주었다.

We would like to investigate the strong wind phenomenon effecting to the onset of a sea breeze. It is general the fact that the onset time of a sea breeze is mainly affected according to the distance from the coastline but we find the reversal fact. The onset time at Suyoung is faster than that at Haeundae in spite of the observation site of Suyoung is 5 m and that of Haeundae is 1 km away from the coastline. This is the reason that the nighttime air is converged the lower area by surface cooling and then it is strongly drained onto the lowest area, Suyoung river until the sunrise. it is proved by observation data at Suyoung and Haeundae.