Objectives of this study were to propose an optimal fertilization method of Chlorella and to evaluate its effects on growth of green pepper. Chlorella fusca strain was propagated and used in the experiment. As for treatment, drenching method (DM), foliar fertilization (FF), drench and foliar fertilization combination (DM + FF), and untreated control (CO) were used. Plant height of green pepper was higher in the CO treatment than in chlorella fertilized treatments. Chlorella fertilization inhibited stem growth of green pepper. Chlorophyll contents of green pepper leaves were higher in the DM + FF treatment. Yields were the higher in DM and DM + FF treatments than in other treatments. Vitamin C content was the highest in the DM + FF treatment. These results showed that Chlorella fertilization could increase the growth, yield, and bioactive substance content of green pepper. The Chlorella fertilization method could be applied to other crops. By applying this technology to the farmer, it is possible to increase income and supply healthy and safe high-quality agricultural products to consumers.

In recent years, ESG activities (Environment, Social and Governance) have been paid more and more attention by enterprises and their stakeholders in various countries. China is the largest developing country in the world. The ESG performance of Chinese listed enterprises helps to understand the shortcomings of their sustainable development ability and further enhance the firm value. Moreover, the interaction effect between green innovation investment and ESG activities is of great significance for enterprises to balance the resource allocation between the two factors in the future. Taking listed Chinese manufacturing companies from 2011 to 2020 as an example, this study investigates the influence of ESG activities on financial performance and non-financial performance, and tests the moderating role of green innovation. Our results show that: (1) ESG performance has a negative impact on financial performance; (2) ESG performance has a positive impact on non-financial performance; (3) Green innovation can positively adjust the negative impact of environmental activities on financial performance. However, it will enhance the negative impact of governance activities on financial performance. The interaction effect between green innovation and social activities on corporate financial performance is a substitution effect; (4) With the improvement of green innovation level, the positive impact of ESG overall performance and environmental performance on corporate reputation will also be suppressed.

Ethyl formate (EF) is a potent fumigant replacing methyl bromide. The use of EF is limited to a quarantine process. Appling EF to agricultural field as a safe insecticide in greenhouse give us valuable benefits including less residual concern. In this regard, residual pattern after EF fumigation in greenhouse should be undertaken. In the previous study, we have established agricultural control concentration of EF to control pests in a greenhouse. EF was fumigated at 5 g m-3 level for 2 h. The concentration of EF inside a greenhouse was analyzed to be 4.1-4.3 g m-3 at 30 min after fumigation. To prepare an analytical method for residues in cucumber crops and soil in the greenhouse, the limit of detection (LOD) of the method was 100 ng g-1 and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of this method was 300 ng g-1. R2 values of calibration curves for crops and soil were 0.991-0.997. In samples collected immediately after ventilation, EF concentration was determined to be below LOQ level. In addition, EF level was below LOQ in samples collected at 3 h after ventilation except that leaf samples of melon during the flowering period showed a level of 1,068.9 ng g-1. Taken together, these results indicate that EF used in quarantine can be applied to agricultural fields without residual issue as an effective fumigant for insect pest control.

With the aim to fabricate flexible, mobile, and low-energy powered electronics, laser treatment of paper-based materials from carbon, cellulose, and natural products may be viable as one of the strategies to achieve this objective as it potentially provides a sustainable and precise patterning of a graphene-based circuit for various emerging electronic applications, such as sensor, robot, energy, and memory devices. Irradiation of high-energy beam for induction of porous-rich graphene or reduction of graphene oxide is easily accomplished from a commercially available laser machine with various laser sources, power, and pulse number setting. Moreover, the process itself can easily be adapted in the various manufacturing sectors due to the technology’s maturity status and its ability to be computer programmed. In comparison to environmental-benign polymer, the selection of paper as a substrate for electronics may introduce a new idea into the design possibility of electronic devices since the paper is not only thin, lightweight, biodegradable, and mechanically stable, but is also able to be assembled into another form and shape simply by traditional origami and kirigami technique for many applications. Here, in this work, recent laser processing strategies for the preparation of graphene either from graphitization of cellulose or deoxygenation of graphene oxide for green electronics are reviewed with brief coverage of the deposition technique of graphene oxide paper prior to laser annealing and discussion on the emerging relevant electronics field that benefitted greatly from the laser-assisted fabrication. To conclude the literature study, a remaining challenge, and prospective outlooks of laser writing of graphene on paper are also highlighted.

The green body of WC-Co cemented carbides containing polymeric binders such as paraffin, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polyvinyl acetate (PVA) are prepared. The green density of the WC-Co cemented carbides increases with the addition of binders, with the exception of PVA, which is known to be a polar polymeric substance. The green strength of the WC-Co cemented carbides improves with the addition of paraffin and a mixture of PEG400 and PEG4000. In contrast, the green strength of the WC-Co does not increase when PEG400 and PEG4000 is added individually. The compressive strength of the green body increases to 14 MPa, and the machinability of the green body improves when more than 4–6 wt% paraffin and a mixture of PEG400 and PEG4000 is used. Simultaneously, the sintered density of WC-Co is as high as 99% relative density, similar to a low binder addition of 1–2 wt%.

The presence of dyes in water is the most popular problem recently, so the current study was directed towards the synthesis of an effective material consisting of NiO and MWCNTs. The NiO/F-MWCNTs nanocomposite was synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method after functionalization of MWCNTs using sulfuric acid and nitric acid and utilized as an efficient surface to adsorption of malachite green dye from polluted water. The nanocomposite sample was characterized using several techniques are X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), High- resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) analysis and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The analytical results showed that the prepared nanocomposite is of good crystalline nature with a particle size of 25.43 nm. A significant specific surface area was 412.08 m2/ g which indicates the effective impact of the nanocomposite in the adsorption of malachite green (MG) dye. On the other hand, the effect of adsorbent dose, temperature, acidic function and contact time on the adsorption efficiency of dye was studied. The kinetics of dye adsorption were also investigated employing two kinetic models, pseudo-first-order model and pseudo-second-order model. Finally, the thermodynamic functions were determined to identify the type of the reaction and the spontaneity of the process.

환경개선에 대한 국제법적인 의무가 우리 정부에도 부과되어 있는데, 환경개선에 대한 한계의 원인과 진상을 규명하면서 이에 대한 효과적인 수단으로서 인공지능기술 등 4차산업혁명기술을 활용하는 것의 가능성과 효과성에 대하여 그동안 미진하였던 새로운 기초연구를 진행하였다. 그동 안 입법정책에 대한 기초적인 연구를 하는 것은 환경법분야에서도 쉽지 않았고 미진한 점들이 많았다. 입법정책에 대한 기초적인 연구를 통하여 앞으로 전개될 세부적이고 구체적인 환경법정책에 분석적이며 조화로운 나침반을 제공해 줄 실익이 있을 것으로 기대한다. 인공지능 등 4차산업혁명기술이 사회를 변화시켜가고 있다. 이는 인류가 그동안 환경개선을 위한 노력이 효과를 크게 보지 못한 한계를 극복하는 데 새로운 희망을 줄 수 있을 것이라는 새로운 학문과 정책상의 관점이 최근에 전 세계적으로 제기되고 있다. 인류는 기후변화에 대응하기 위하여 유엔기후변화협약(United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), 교토의정서(Kyoto Protocol) 등은 물론이고 최근의 파리협정 (Paris Agreement) 등 국제적인 노력을 많이 기울여 왔다. 그러나 환경 정책을 강화하는 것은 화석연료를 사용한 경제개발에 역행하는 것이라는 모순된 전제를 극복할 수 없었기에 우리 정부는 선뜻 국제법적인 환경정 책을 본격적으로 실시하지 못하였다. 또한 부족한 인간의 힘으로 일일이 기후변화의 원인들을 24시간 모니터링하고 장소에 구애받지 않는 분석과 조치를 취하기에는 한계가 많았다. 본 연구에서는 환경개선의 새로운 패러 다임으로서 인공지능 등 4차산업혁명기술과 환경을 연결하는 학제간의 융 합법적인 기초작업을 그린뉴딜정책을 위하여 진행하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 첫 번째, 그린뉴딜이 4차산업혁명기술과 환경정책을 연결 하고 접목할 수 있는 가능성과 허용성이 있음을 확인하였다. 두 번째, 그린뉴딜이 기존의 환경정책들의 단순한 집합이나 나열에 지나지 않고, 새로운 내용과 성질의 진테제로서의 환경법 정책으로 평가할 수 있음을 유럽과 미국 등의 그린딜을 비교하면서 확인하였다. 세 번째, 그린뉴딜이 4차산업혁명기술과 기존의 환경법정책을 결합하여 새로운 진테제로서의 법정책적 내용으로서 그린뉴딜이라는 목표가 분명하게 드러날 수 있도록 법령의 목적을 조정하고 수정하는 작업이 필요함을 개별법을 통해 고찰하 였다. 네 번째, 특히 한국의 그린뉴딜이 실패하지 않고 기존의 환경정책 과 달리 의도한 성과를 확보하고 공정하고 정의로운 사회로 이행할 수 있 기 위해서는 다양한 기존의 법령에 그린뉴딜의 정책을 반영한 입법정책적 인 제언을 함으로써 법정책적인 함의를 밝혔다. 이는 한국형 그린뉴딜에 대한 입법적 과제와 입법 현황 평가를 다양한 분야들에 걸쳐서 실시해 본 결론이다. 구체적으로는 탄소감축에 대한 직접적인 감축을 위한 대응성 과제, 탄소감축을 위해 생산과 소비 및 에너지의 구조변화를 위한 적응성 과제, 4차산업혁명을 통한 기후변화정책에의 직업과 참여 확대, 한국형 그린뉴딜에서 장애조항들의 제거 및 규제완화, 4차산업혁명기술을 통한 기후변화정책이 가능하도록 교육의 확대 강화, 4차산업혁명을 통한 기후 변화정책에의 성과의 배분과 포용 등의 분야들이다. 결론적으로 한국형 그린뉴딜에 대한 제언으로서 한국형 그린뉴딜의 목 적 규정 수정과 교육목표ㆍ원칙 추가, 한국형 그린뉴딜을 촉진할 대응성 규정의 마련과 보완, 한국형 그린뉴딜을 촉진할 적응성 규정의 마련과 보 완, 한국형 그린뉴딜에서 정의로운 대전환을 위한 구체적 입법의 마련 등 이 요구된다.

Decontamination of spent nuclear fuel from decommissioned nuclear reactors is crucial to reduce the volume of intermediate-level waste. Fuel cladding hulls are one of the important parts due to high radioactivity. Their decontamination could possibly enable reclassification as low-level waste. Fuel cladding hulls used in research reactors and being developed for conventional light water reactors are Al-Mg and Fe-Cr-Al alloys, respectively. Therefore, the recovery of these component metals after decontamination is necessary to reduce the volume of highly radioactive waste. Electrochemical approach is often chosen due to its simplicity and effectiveness. Non-aqueous solvents, such as molten salts (MSs) and ionic liquids (ILs), are preferred to aqueous solvents due to the absence of hydrogen evolution. However, MSs and ILs are limited by high temperature and high synthesis cost, along with toxicity issues. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are synthesized from a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and donor (HBD) and exhibit outstanding metal salt solubility, wide electrochemical window, good biocompatibility, and economic production process. These characteristics make DES an attractive candidate solvent for economic, green, and efficient electrodeposition compared with aqueous solvents such acids or nonaqueous solvents such as MSs or ILs. In this research, the feasibility of electrodeposition of Al-Mg and Fe-Cr-Al alloys in ChCl:EG, the most common DES synthesized from choline chloride (ChCl) and ethylene glycol (EG), will be tested. A standard three-electrode electrochemical cell with an Au plated working electrode and Al wires for counter and reference electrodes is utilized. Two electrolyte solutions (Al-Mg and Fe-Cr-Al) are prepared by dissolving 100 mM of each anhydrous metal chloride salts (AlCl3, MgCl2, CrCl3, and FeCl2) in ChCl:EG. Cyclic voltammogram (CV) is measured at 5, 10, 15, and 20 mV·s−1 to observe the redox reactions occurring in the solutions. Electrodeposition of each alloy is performed via chronoamperometry at observed reduction potentials from CV measurements. The deposited surfaces and cross-sections are examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to analyze the surface morphology, cross-section composition, and thickness. Authors anticipate that the presence of different metals will greatly affect the possibility of electrodeposition. It is expected that although all metals are distributed throughout the surface, the morphology, in terms of particle size and shape, would differ depending on metals. Different metals will be deposited by layers of an approximate thickness of a few μm each. This research will illustrate a potential for recovery and electrodeposition of other precious radioactive metals from DES.

Fashion companies and brands’ marketing activities focus on resolving environmental problems; however, these companies’ efforts, there are some examples of so-called “greenwashing”. This paper aims to analyze different perceptions of brand authenticity, green marketing, and purchase intention toward the brand before and after exposure to case information about greenwashing. A total of 211 data were gathered and analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Respondents were asked to respond to same questionnaires related to green marketing and the brand authenticity before and after their exposure to greenwashing information. The study participants’ perceptions of green marketing from the brand were statistically significantly negatively changed after exposure compared to before exposure. Similar patterns in results were found in the context of consumers’ perception of brand authenticity (genuineness, originality, and consistency), and purchase intention. The originality of this study is in evaluating consumers’ perception of greenwashing focused on brand authenticity. The findings of the study suggest that if a fashion brand’s green marketing activity is perceived as greenwashing by consumers, the perceptions of green marketing, brand authenticity, and purchase intention can all decline. It is suggested that fashion brands need to develop a sincere and truthful green marketing campaigns to keep and enhance their brand authenticity.

콩 [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]은 단백질, 지방, 탄수화물의 3대 영양소와 다양한 기능성 성분의 주요 공급원이다. 녹색종피와 자엽을 가진 콩 품종은 눈건강에 유익한 루테인 성분을 많이 함유하고 있지만, 항영양성분으로 알려진 쿠니츠트립신인히비터 단백질, 렉틴 단백질 및 P34 단백질을 가지고 있어 품질과 기능성을 저하시킨다. 이러한 성분이 유전적으로 제거된 품종의 육성이 필요하다. 녹색종피와 자엽을 가지고 있지만, 쿠니츠트립 신인히비터, 렉틴, P34의 3가지 단백질이 모두 없는 triple null 유전자형을 가진 콩 계통을 육성하기 위하여 본 연구가 진행되었다. 4개의 유전자원 (Gaechuck#2, PI548392, PI567476, Seonyack)을 이용하여 창성된 두 모본의 교배로 육종집단이 창성되었다. Western blot 기술을 이용하여 쿠니츠트립신인히비터, 렉틴 및 P34 단백질의 존재여부를 확인하였다. 녹색종피 및 자엽과 쿠니츠트립신인히비터, 렉틴, P34의 3가지 단백질이 모두 없는 triple null 유전자형 (titilelep34p34)을 가진 6개의 F2 종자가 선발되었다. F2 식물체 세대와 농업형질 평가를 통하여 한 개의 계통이 선발되었으며 F4 종자에서 3가지 단백질에 대한 유전적 고정을 확인하였다. 선발 계통의 경장은 73 cm 정도였으며 백립중은 19.5 g으로 중립에 속하였고 종피색은 녹색이고 제색은 검정색이며 성숙 자엽색은 녹색이었다. 본 연구를 통하여 선발된 계통은 성숙 콩 종실에서 품질과 기능성을 저하시키는 쿠니츠트립신인히비터, 렉틴, P34의 3가지 단백질이 모두 없으며 녹색종피와 자엽을 가진 유색콩 품종 육성을 위한 재료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.