This paper is intended to explore the otherness of ‘non-mainstream’ graduate students specializing in applied linguistics at various departments of English language and literature in Korea. Drawing on Honneth’s theory of recognition and its ideology, it attempted to understand the way their ‘professional identities’ are constructed both within and without the related academic communities. Through interviews and reflection journals, the lived stories of research participants illustrated that their trajectories of growth were not a transmission of knowledge and skills in applied linguistics, and that Honneth’s threefold conceptualization of intersubjective recognition (love, rights, solidarity) was usefully applied to the sociopolitical inquiry of ‘becoming professional.’ They did not feel a sense of affection, were not respected as rights-holders, and did not have mutual esteem and solidarity. The non-mainstream students strived for recognition in the graduate program by voicing their emotions in their qualitative research papers and improving their limited proficiency of English which, however, led to ‘uncritical’ conformity. They lost the emancipatory struggle for their independent and scholarly selves. The model of mutual recognition is expected to show good potential as an analytic tool for understanding the motivational and justificatory basis for social struggles. Further research is suggested to examine how Honneth’s theory can help in understanding people in different disciplines.

The current study examined the potential contribution of advanced Korean EFL learners’ writing abilities to their reading comprehension abilities. A total of 191 college students participated in this study and were tested on writing and reading comprehension abilities as well as other literacy-related measures including listening comprehension, textreading fluency, and knowledge of vocabulary to control for their effects. In order to account for different aspects of writing and reading comprehension abilities, multiple measures of reading and writing abilities were adopted. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analyses demonstrated that the advanced Korean EFL learners’ English writing abilities had a significant effect on their reading comprehension abilities when other relevant literacy skills were controlled for. Furthermore, their writing abilities mediated the relationship between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension abilities. These results highlight the important pedagogical implications on the critical role of writing abilities in enhancing the reading comprehension abilities of L2 learners.

The purpose of this research is to find out how EFL college learners utilized machine translation while writing their presentation scripts. Specifically, it attempted to examine the characteristics of the English translation outputs by MT and students’ self-edited drafts, and their perceptions toward the use of MT in English writing classes. Six college students were asked to submit one Korean draft, two machine translation drafts, and one self-edited draft, and two in-depth interviews were conducted with each of the participants during the course of the semester. Grammarly (2022), a free online grammar and spelling checker, was used to examine the characteristics of the collected writings, and Miles and Huberman’s (1994) three-step analytic method was employed to analyze the data from the in-depth interviews. The results of data analysis revealed that 1) there were more lexical errors than grammatical errors, and the number of the errors did not show a big difference between the different drafts; 2) Also, students viewed the use of MT in the English writing classes positively but found it difficult to properly use. Based on the research findings, pedagogical implications for the effective use of MT in English writing classes were suggested.

This study was conducted to analyze geminate consonant errors(안에 [an.ɛ] → *안네[an.nɛ]) produced by Chinese learners during their acquisition of Korean linking sounds within the framework of Optimality Theory. The study was further intended to find possible constraints and causes applicable to the error. This paper argues that this error results from the interplay of the Align-R constraint, where the boundaries of a morpheme and syllable are aligned in the learner’s mother tongue, and the onset constraint, which is required for CV, a universal linguistic syllable. This study identifies the cause of the geminate consonant errors among Chinese leaners as the consequence of the simultaneous influences of interference from the learners’ native language and of linking sounds, which occur universally in linguistics.

The present study analyzed small group interaction in the videoconferencing-mediated English class at a university in South Korea. Adopting the ‘affordance’ construct (van Lier, 2004) as a conceptual framework for interpreting small group work, the goals of the research are to 1) identify the types of linguistic affordances emerging in videoconferencing-mediated small group work and 2) examine learners’ perceptions and responses to the linguistic affordances. Data were collected from two major sources: 40 video recording files of small group observation and post-class interviews with four students. The paper analyzed 13 extracts selected from the transcription of the video recordings. The overall results of the research suggest that a range of linguistic affordances emerged through interaction and participants responded to the affordances they perceived in various ways. Three types of linguistic affordances were observed in the data: technology-generated affordances, learner-generated affordances, and learner-to-learner-generated affordances. The study findings have important implications for providing new insights into the operationalization of the affordance construct as well as advancing the understanding of the affordance perspective of L2 learning.

The purpose of this study is to analyze interactions between learners and the instructor (ILI) and interactions among the learners (IAL) themselves in a single university reading class with a focus on scaffolding. Thirty-three learners majoring in computer engineering and public administration participated in the class. Twenty-six out of 33 learners took a non-face-to-face online class (NFTFOC) for a 15-week semester, and the remaining seven learners chose to take a face-to-face class (FTFC) for the five weeks after the mid-term exam. Data from both the NFTFOC and FTFC were collected for 15 weeks from September to December 2021 including an automatic video recording system, quizzes, assignments, etc. through chatting boxes, bulletin boards, and emails. The obtained data were analyzed into both qualitative descriptions and quantitative statistical measures. The results showed that interactions in the low and mid-level of higher-order thinking from both the linguistic and cognitive perspectives occurred similarly, and both amplifying and simplifying of scaffolding functions in NFTFOC were more frequently observed than those in FTFC. In addition, both NFTFOC and FTFC got better scores on the post-test. As development occurs in language learning, a longitudinal and in-depth analysis of the language learning processes is required in future studies.

The present study examined the receptive and productive knowledge of collocations of second language (L2) and heritage speakers of Korean and also investigated the influence of phrasal frequency, exposure to Korean, and phonological short-term memory (PSTM). Seventeen L2 learners and 14 heritage speakers of Korean were tested on 30 Korean noun-verb collocations, which varied in phrasal frequency, using an acceptability judgment task and a collocation completion test. The results showed that both L2 and heritage speakers demonstrated considerable receptive knowledge of Korean collocations while productive knowledge was more limited for both groups. The mixed-effects modelling results of four independent variables of interest (i.e., phrasal frequency, exposure via media, academic use, and PSTM) showed that phrasal frequency was the only significant predictor of receptive knowledge of collocations for both L2 and heritage speakers; none of the four factors had a significant impact on productive knowledge of collocations for either group. These data are discussed in relation to previous studies on collocation development of L2 learners and heritage speakers.

This paper explores a college EFL course designed to practice reading for pleasure during the pandemic. Sixty EFL college learners in a required English course read Mark Haddon’s (2004) [The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time] within the structure of a regular reading and writing focused academic English course. Reading for pleasure is often considered unfit for inclusion in regular curriculum. Nevertheless, for digital natives, the act of pleasurable reading especially in L2, should be actively implemented into classroom activities. This study follows a case study which practices reading for pleasure by utilizing weekly quizzes, discussion questions and response paper. Students’ feedback was collected and analyzed in order to share students’ experiences in completing the tasks. The feedback shows how weekly quizzes and class discussions have encouraged them to continue reading the text, influenced their attitude on reading English books and how they were able to empathize with the characters. This paper invokes the need to include reading young adult literature into general English courses for college learners to make them lifelong readers of L2.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the use of artificial intelligence (AI) improves English listening and reading proficiency. It focuses on whether its impacts differ by gender and major. The study was conducted in 2020 with 340 freshmen students in Korea. There were 182 male and 208 female students. The participants majored in different areas: 139 students majoring in aeronautics, 130 students studying policing and safety, 121 students studying in the arts department. The TOEIC test was adopted as pre- and post-tests to explore the impacts of using AI on English learning. To analyze the data, two-way ANOVAs were administered. The study found no interaction effects of gender or major on either listening and reading proficiency. However, gender and major, respectively, had significant impacts on listening. Regarding reading proficiency, major alone affected the students’ performance. Based on these findings, pedagogical implications are considered.

In order to implement a dialogue system for Korean language tutoring, this paper aimed to describe a method of constructing a large amount of Korean task-oriented dialogue data using the Wizard-of-OZ method and a pedagogical feedback and evaluation method for Korean language errors made by foreign learners. The procedure for constructing a large amount of Korean task-oriented dialogue data consisted of three steps. The first step was the preparation step for the learner’s prior learning. The second step was related to a large Korean dialogue map constructed by Korean native speakers using the Wizard-of-OZ method. The third step was implementation of a Korean dialogue system based on the dialogue map. In educational feedback and evaluation, functions such as paraphrases, recommendation expressions, educational success rate, and error content evaluation by learner level were proposed. By means of the Wizard-of-OZ method, 3,253 Korean task-oriented dialogue data were established in four domains: restaurant, hotel, tourist attraction, and taxi. The dialogue system for Korean language tutoring is currently being implemented based on Korean taskoriented dialogue data. Ultimately, the task-oriented dialogue system for Korean language tutoring aims at an “augmentation of education” that collaborates with human teachers, not “teacher-less education” that replaces human teachers.

In this study, the PBL class was applied to a Vietnamese video class. 13 learners were divided into 3 groups, and it was examined whether all learners grew toward their learning goals, and if so, through what process they grew. When group 1 announces a task, groups 2 and 3 perform peer evaluation and submit a peer evaluation sheet. For this, group 1 categorized the contents of peer evaluation into reflecting, partially reflecting, revised, and not reflecting to prepare the presentation evaluation sheet. Further, they were required to write a reason why “not reflecting.” A reflection log was also submitted. As a result of the above, the assignments were immediately revised, supplemented, and developed every week through peer and instructor evaluation. Through this process, the instructor learned in detail what kind of reflection the presenter and team members were doing each week. In particular, learners achieved ‘up-leveling’ with the activeness of immediately accepting each other’s strengths while conducting peer evaluations on each other’s presentations. This shows that the weekly assignments are improved, while the competencies of both the presentation team and peers are developed at the same time.

The purpose of this study is to analyze and verify the learning process from the case of a “Japanese learned by songs” class and self-reflection about learning activities for 36 students who were learning Japanese for the first time and beginner-level Japanese learners. It is intended to consider the effect of learning the Japanese language and Japanese culture and circumstances through songs. After the learners learned the song, they created and submitted an assignment every time and gave feedback. Among them, the self-reflection part created by the learners is valuable material data that we can grasp the learning process and changes in cognition. Therefore, the researcher analyzed and verified the learning process based on the material that organized the self-reflection part. It seems that lessons using songs are particularly related to the use of three strategies: memory, cognition, and affection. By working with these strategies, the learner gradually overcomes the three variables of the affective filter: low motivation, lack of self-confidence, and great anxiety. It was found that the lessons using songs contributed to lowering the affective filter of learners at various levels and worked to activate the vectors that promote learning.

El sistema verbal en español no solo expresa el tiempo sino tambiénel aspecto y el modo a través de diversas conjugaciones, por consiguiente, es un sistema muy difícil de adquirir para los alumnos coreanos. En este artículo, desde el punto de vista de gramática pedagógica hemos propuesto unas medidas de instrucción basadas en la gramática cognitiva que puedan aplicarse en el aula. En primer lugar, es útil presentar el esquema cognitivo de varios tiempos verbales en una imagen. En segundo lugar, la perfectividad es una propiedad importante en el tiempo pasado español, mientras que la probabilidad es importante en el tiempo futuro. En tercer lugar, los grados de probabilidad pueden clasificarse como conjeturas o hipótesis y se representan por los tiempos futuros de indicativo como el futuro simple, el futuro perfecto, el condicional simple y el condicional perfecto en las oraciones principales, así como los tiempos de subjuntivo en las oraciones subordinadas. Finalmente, es necesario tener en cuenta que el modo subjuntivo refleja la actitud no asertiva del hablante a nivel pragmático, una construcción que no se realiza en coreano sintácticamente.

Interkulturelle Kommunikationskompetenz ist seit den 80er Jahren ein sehr zentraler und populärer Terminus, aber Studien darüber im DaF Unterricht gibt es noch nicht sehr viele. Das Zier der Arbeit besteht darin, Lehrbücher für allgemeinbildende Deutschkurse an der Universität zu analysieren, die in Südkorea verwendet werden. Auf dieser Weise sollen Elemente zur Entwicklung der interkulturellen Kommunikationskomentenz in Lehrwerken erschlossen werden. In dieser Arbeit werde ich untersuchen, wie die interkulturelle Kommunikation in den Lehrwerken vermittelt wird. Die DaF Lehrwerke werden im Moment im allgemeinbildenden Deutschunterricht an den koreanischen Universitäten für Anfänger benutzt. Warum habe ich die Lehrwerke als Untersuchungsmaterial gewählt? Sie spielen noch eine sehr wichtige Rolle im DaF unterricht und die Quantität und Qualität des interkulturellen Inhalts sind sehr bedeutend. In dieser Arbeit werden die Lehrwerke aus der Perspektive der Lernenden betrachtet: Fördert der interkulturelle Inhalt in diesen DaF Lehrwerken den Lernprozess im Hinblick auf interkulturelle Kommunkationskompetenz? Ist es dem Lernenden möglich, seine interkulturellen Fähigkeiten mit Hilfe dieser Lehrwerke zu entwickeln? Für diese Antwort habe ich eine empirische Methode verwendet, nämlich Fragebogen, der 17 ausführliche Fragen enthielt. Dafür habe ich Fragebögen an 100 Studenten in Südkorea verteilt, und beantworten lassen.

The purpose of this research was to examine how Korean college students’ motivation toward English learning has been changed over time as they took technology-utilizing classes. In order to accomplish this, two research questions were proposed; First, how has the students’ motivation changed over the whole school year? Second, how has the students’ motivation changed in terms of their English proficiency levels? Sixty college students were required to take a simulated TOEIC test for their English proficiency levels, and to respond to the ARCS questionnaire developed by Keller (2008a, 2008b) to measure their motivation levels. An independent samples t-test was employed to compare the statistical means from the samples, specifically to find out the relation of students’ motivation and t he e ffect o f t echnology-utilizing c lasses. The r esults o f d ata analysis found out that the longer the treatment period of technology-utilizing instruction, the greater the effect on the learner’s motivation; second, the technology-utilizing instruction has a significant effect on the students’ motivation regardless of their proficiency levels, but it turns out to be more effective in improving the upper group students’ motivation toward learning. Based on these findings, practical implications for the implementing technology-utilizing instruction in the EFL classroom were suggested.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the research trends in Korean education for learners in the Arab region. This paper also suggests directions for the future research on the field of Korean education for these learners. To conduct this study, a process of collection and sorting of research papers was held as the first step. Consequently, 64 papers were chosen. Among 64 papers, 31 academic journals and 33 theses were included. The study then reviewed the research trend by years, publishing types, and topics. Although there were very few studies in the 2000s, the number of studies has steadily increased after 2010. This was related to the Korean Wave in Arab countries and the increase in Arab students who study in Korean from 2013. In the topic analysis by the topics, ‘Teaching and Learning’ accounted for the largest proportion. The second largest proportion was ‘Korean Education Content’. Next was ‘Korean Education in general’, followed by ‘Contrastive Analysis’. Overall, there have been many studies based on contrast or error analysis between Arabic and Korean languages. In terms of contents, there were many studies on phonetics and culture. However, it was found that there are many studies that need to be addressed in each sub-topic. Lastly, based on the analysis in this study, the characteristics and limitations of research trends were analyzed, and future research directions were suggested.

The purpose of this study is to design an instructional model based on CLIL (Content Language Integrated Learning) theory for effective language learning. The study findings reveal the following three points. First, context-oriented foreign language education is possible, if we have well-edited authentic materials that match the level of the students, and implement the relevant materials as classroom activities that covered 4C (Content, Cognition, Communication, Culture) through sophisticated placement of content-language integration methods. Second, changes in evaluation methods can affect the studying style of learners. Since the process of output can only be actively utilized if the input is repeated, if we provide an desirable evaluation method so that the repetition process can focus on acquiring meaningful language information, this will help learners make more active use of the target language. Third, foreign language education could expand learners’ thinking skills. Content-language integrated learning is sufficient to help students to understand other cultures and compare/analyze the educational contents based on respect for cultural diversity. Through this all learning activities based on CLIL theory, language learners can also develop their critical thinking skills.

Learning Chinese through animation can be of great help to balanced language learning as you can access not only language but also culture. This study extracted and analyzed the vocabulary of the July 8th, 2016 Chinese animation [Big Fish & Begonia] as evaluated by HSK grade. Among the total number of vocabularies and expressions observed, the average proportion of the ‘basic HSK’ grade vocabulary is 53.95% and the average proportion of the ‘modified HSK’ grade vocabulary is 96.98%, which is very meaningful in learning. The composition ratio of HSK grade for each section was generally constant and the difficulty was constant. The animation [Big Fish & Begonia] contains various vocabulary for learning Chinese and is an educational content that embodies the cultural colors and characteristics of China well for children and adult learners in the early stages of learning Chinese. A very positive educational effect can be expected for the development of Chinese language skills, and the possibility of its use is also very high.

Este trabajo analiza los errores debidos a la interferencia coreana al escribir/traducir al español. Sostenemos que, cuando los alumnos ingresan una vez en la memoria una forma española α que corresponde preferentemente a una forma coreana A, tienden a equiparar esta correspondencia como ‘A = α’ y la aplican a los casos en los que dicha correspondencia no debería usarse. Para averiguar cuántos alumnos cometen este tipo de error, realizamos un experimento con 42 alumnos. En el experimento, dividimos las oraciones en dos grupos. Las oraciones que pueden producir un resultado apropiado se colocaron en el grupo A si usamos la correspondencia ‘A → α’, mientras que las que pueden producir un resultado inapropiado se ubicaron en el grupo B si lo hacemos. Nuestro análisis mostró que el error más común del grupo B es reutilizar la correspondencia utilizada en el grupo A. Por lo tanto, los estudiantes necesitan evitar una “ecuación excesiva” para reducir errores. Finalmente, para cada oración, sugerimos formas de reducir o evitar errores.

El objetivo de este estudio es proponer la verbalización metalingüística como una manera de ayudar a los estudiantes de español como lengua extranjera a convertir el conocimiento explícito en implícito. En las aulas de la segunda lengua, la verbalización metalingüística suele ser realizada por los profesores o aparece en el libro de texto. Pero, en este artículo, nos centraremos en la verbalización metalingüística llevada a cabo por los alumnos y analizaremos sus efectos en la adquisición del español como lengua extranjera. En primer lugar, dividiremos la verbalización metalingüística en tres fases (input, reestructuración y output) y presentaremos las acciones del alumno que aparecen en cada fase. En segundo lugar, explicaremos cómo influyen estas acciones en la construcción del conocimiento implícito, basándonos en la reflexión metalingüística, el aumento de la conciencia gramatical, la hipótesis del reconocimiento, el constructivismo cognitivo, el aprendizaje significativo y la hipótesis del output comprensible. Como resultado del estudio, se ha demostrado teóricamente que la verbalización metalingüística realizada por los alumnos es una manera de aprendizaje útil que ayuda a formar el conocimiento implícito. Sin embargo, no se debe olvidar que los alumnos tienen que practicar los elementos lingüísticos meta para que puedan procesar automáticamente el conocimiento adquirido.