Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, is one of the serious pests of fruit throughout the world. Two regional populations (Bangladeshi and Malaysia) were collected using methyl eugenol lure and one laboratory population was obtained from Thailand. Three populations were compared in cytochrome b (CYB) cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences. COI sequences were highly homologous. However, CYB sequences were polymorphic and used to discriminate these regional populations by a phylogenetic analysis. In CYB phylogeny analysis, Malaysia and Thailand populations were clustered and Bangladeshi population was separated

콩명나방(Maruca vitrata)은 팥과 동부를 포함하는 Vigna 속 작물을 가해하는 해충이다. 다양한 화학 살충제가 이 해충의 유충을 방제하는 데 효과적이다. 특히 Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) 미생물농약이 이 해충을 방제하는 데 가능성을 제시하였다. 그러나 화학농약에 비해서 비교적 느린 살충 효과는 현장 적용에 어려움을 주었다. 본 연구는 Bt의 살충효과를 증가시키기 위해 면역억제제를 첨가하는 방안을 강구하였다. 콩명나방의 면역반응은 혈구세포의 소낭형성으로 분석하였다. 소낭형성 반응은 아이코사노이드 생합성 억제자인 dexamethasone 처리에 의해 현격하게 낮아졌다. 아이코사노이드 생합성 억제자를 합성하여 분비하는 Xenorhabdus nematophila 세균 배양액을 Bt와 함께 처리한 결과 Bt 단독에 비해 살충효과가 크게 증가하였다. 본 연구는 비티플러스 살충제가 콩명나방 방제에 효과적이라 는 것을 제시하였다.

동물들은 항상성 유지를 위해서 지방에 축적된 에너지의 양을 판단하고 섭식량을 조절한다고 알려져 있으나 그 조절 메카니즘은 아직 확실히 알려져있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 노랑초파리로 지방세포에서 섭식조절과 관련된 유전자를 찾기 위해 mRNA의 과발현을 이용한 1차 스크리닝(screening)과 RNAi를 이용한 2차 스크리닝을 수행하여 지방세포에서 발현하는 유전자 purple이 섭식조절과 관련이 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 유전자 purple은 조효소인 tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)의 생합성에 관여하는 유전자인데, 연구결과 BH4생합성에 관련된 다른 유전자인 Punch와 Sepiapterin Reductase (Sptr) 뿐만 아니라 BH4도 섭식행동을 조절하는데에 관여한다는 것을 밝혀냈다. 흥미로운 사실은 Punch와 purple은 지방에서 발현되어야 하는 반면 Sptr은 뇌에서 발현되어 섭식행동을 조절한다는 사실이다. 추가연구를 통해 BH4가 섭식에 관련된 뉴런인 neuropeptide F (NPF)을 억제하여 섭식억제가 이루어지는 사실을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 새로운 유형의 섭식억제제 개발에 기초적인 정보를 제공할 것으로 보인다.

How does the presence of an AGN in uence the total SFR estimates of galaxies and change their distribution with respect to the Galaxy Main Sequence? To contribute to solving this question, we study a sample of 1133 sources detected in the North Ecliptic Pole field (NEP) by AKARI and Herschel. We create a multi-wavelength dataset for these galaxies and we fit their multi-wavelength Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) using the whole spectral regime (from 0.1 to 500 μm). We perform the fit using three procedures: LePhare and two optimised codes for identifying AGN tracers from the SED analysis. In this work we present an overview of the comparison between the estimates of the Infrared bolometric luminosi- ties (between 8 and 1000 μm) and the AGN fractions obtained exploiting these dierent procedures. In particular, by estimating the AGN contribution in four different wavelength ranges (5-40 μm, 10-20 μm, 20-40 μm and 8-1000 μm) we show how the presence of an AGN affects the PAH emission by suppressing the ratio L8 μm L4:5 μm as a function of the considered wavelength range.

The recent updates of the North Ecliptic Pole deep (0.5 deg2, NEP-Deep) multi-wavelength survey covering from X-ray to radio-wave is presented. The NEP-Deep provides us with several thousands of 15 μm or 18 μm selected galaxies, which is the largest sample ever made at these wavelengths. A continuous filter coverage in the mid-infrared wavelength (7, 9, 11, 15, 18, and 24 μm) is unique and vital to diagnose the contributions from starbursts and AGNs in the galaxies out to z=2. The new goal of the project is to resolve the nature of the cosmic star formation history at the violent epoch (e.g. z=1{2), and to find a clue to understand its decline from z=1 to present universe by utilizing the unique power of the multiwavelength survey. The progress in this context is brie y mentioned.

We show Akari data, Herschel data and data from the SCUBA2 camera on JCMT, of molecular clouds. We focus on pre-stellar cores within the clouds. We present Akari data of the L1147-1157 ring in Cepheus and show how the data indicate that the cores are being externally heated. We present SCUBA2 and Herschel data of the Ophiuchus region and show how the environment is also aecting core evolution in this region. We discuss the eects of the magnetic eld in the Lupus I region, and how this lends support to a model for the formation and evolution of cores in lamentary molecular clouds.

We conducted an unbiased near- to mid-infrared imaging and spectroscopic survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) as a part of the AKARI Mission Program \Large-area Survey of the LMC" (LSLMC, PI: T. Onaka). An area of about 10 square degrees of the LMC was observed by ve photometric bands (3.2, 7, 11, 15, and 24 m) and a low-resolution slitless prism (2 { 5 m, R 20) equipped with AKARI/IRC. We constructed and publicly released photometric and spectroscopic catalogues of point sources in the LMC based on the survey data. The catalogues provide a large number of near-infrared spectral data, coupled with complementary broadband photometric data. Combined use of the present AKARI LSLMC catalogues with other infrared point source catalogues of the LMC possesses scientic potential that can be applied to various astronomical studies.

The aim of this report is to understand the status and management of genetic resources on ICRISAT(International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics) to promote exchange of germplasm and information. ICRISAT genebank at Patancheru, India has the responsibility to collect, conserve, characterize, document and distribute the genetic resources. Also, ICRISAT has performed the estimation of environment tolerance, disease resistance, and functional compounds of genetic resources. ICRISAT has assembled more than 120,000 accessions of chickpea, groundnut, pigeonpea, pearl millet, sorghum, and six small millets. Since 1974 to 2008, ICRISAT provided 1,350,000 accessions with 144 countries to develop new cultivars. The provision pattern of genetic resources in ICRISAT showed that more than 80 % of each crop by the total holdings resources had been offered and that it is the direction of the ideal conserve and management of genetic resources. To evaluate their genetic resources (chickpea, groundnut, pigeonpea, pearl millet, sorghum, and six small millets), they made descritors for each crop and investigated their germplasms. This report would be meaningful to understand utilization and effect of the germplasms to be held at ICRISAT.

The thermoelectric Seebeck and Peltier effects of a single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) quantum dot nanodevice are investigated, taking into consideration a certain value of applied tensile strain and induced ac-field with frequency in the terahertz (THz) range. This device is modeled as a SWCNT quantum dot connected to metallic leads. These two metallic leads operate as a source and a drain. In this three-terminal device, the conducting substance is the gate electrode. Another metallic gate is used to govern the electrostatics and the switching of the carbon nanotube channel. The substances at the carbon nanotube quantum dot/ metal contact are controlled by the back gate. Results show that both the Seebeck and Peltier coefficients have random oscillation as a function of gate voltage in the Coulomb blockade regime for all types of SWCNT quantum dots. Also, the values of both the Seebeck and Peltier coefficients are enhanced, mainly due to the induced tensile strain. Results show that the three types of SWCNT quantum dot are good thermoelectric nanodevices for energy harvesting (Seebeck effect) and good coolers for nanoelectronic devices (Peltier effect).

This study was carried out to evaluate the influencing factors that affect the reproductive performance of cows at the Monirampur upazila in Jessore district of Bangladesh. A total of 224 cows were brought to the upazila livestock hospital for artificial insemination (AI). The cows were inseminated between 12 to 18 hours from the onset of estrus and data was obtained from the owner. Out of 224 cows, 133 became pregnant and 91 were non pregnant. In this study, the overall pregnancy rate was 59.29%. Among the age variability, the highest pregnancy rate (70.27%) was at the age of 4 years old. In case of breed variation, the highest pregnancy rate was observed in local breed (69.07%) compared with other crossbred cows. Hence the breed variations significantly influence the conception rate of cows. According to the parity, we found that the pregnancy rate was increasing with their parity but decreasing after 4th parity. The highest conception rate was observed in 3rd parity (67.74%) which was significantly higher than that of heifers (Parity-0). Here we also found that the types of bull semen used for AI had no significant effect for pregnancy rate. The skills of AI technician for AI to cows were significantly affecting the pregnancy rate. However, this study is not enough for rating and comment about the reproduction performance of cows. Therefore, further extensive study is needed for rating and recommendation for the cattle up gradation at that particular area.

The constant increase in marine traffic and the simultaneous growth of the demand for exploiting marine areas (e.g., installing offshore wind power plants) require an adequate planning strategy for managing high traffic volumes. Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) is the process of public development of an allocation plan for distributing, both spatially and temporally, human activities in marine areas. The adoption of e-Navigation is a possible solution for improving safety and security at sea by integrating maritime information on board and ashore. Automatic Identification System (AIS) data represents a fundamental source of information, since the analysis of AIS data can highlight the presence of congested areas as well as of illegal actions, such as smuggling, pollution, and unauthorized phishing in protected areas. Indeed, those activities are often characterized by abnormal manoeuvres that can be recognized by analyzing the routes of the vessels. However, the huge dimension of the AIS data to process requires the adoption of careful strategies for the data visualization. In this paper, we present a complete pipeline for visualizing ship routes from raw AIS data, which is a fundamental pre-requisite for carrying out a significant AIS-based route analysis, and describe a real case study, where 90 million AIS records, corresponding to one month of world-wide observations, are visualized using only open-source software.

Polymeric materials have been widely used in energy-related applications including fabrication of batteries and fuel cells, pressure retarded osmosis, gas separation and reverse electrodialysis processes. Despite these various versatility, their poor mechanical properties still remain as obstacles for applying to industrial levels. As a way of improving the mechanical properties, Tröger's Base (TB) which is a rigid, V-shaped, and bridged bicyclic amine have been recently introduced. In this work, polyimides incorporating TB units (PI-TBs) were synthesized in-situ polycondensation reaction using dimethoxymethane (DMM). PI-TB membranes were prepared and physicochemical characteristics including mechancial properties were investigated.

In recent years there has been a drop in the percentage of male teachers. The gender disparity is evidenced in many primary and secondary schools in Nigeria. This article is set to ascertain the nature of gender disparity in Nigerian publicly funded schools, the underlying reasons for the growing disparity, such as the feminization of the teaching profession, low teacher’s salary, flexibility of teaching of the profession, women as care givers, cultural belief, and sexual molestation. Challenges to the increase of male teachers in schools, such as low status of teaching, parental expectation, work policies and societal perception were explored. The implications of the absence of male teachers in the schools, among others, were failure among male students, academic under-achievement, under-utilization of male talent and indiscipline in school. Suggested courses for action to increase the presence of male teachers in schools include improving the condition of service, education policy reform, gender balance in other professions, publicizing a male friendly environment, and admitting men to educational programs. The aforementioned are efforts meant to encourage diversity in the teaching workforce. The article relied heavily on data collected from Education Management Boards of some Nigerian States’ for its discussion.