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        검색결과 68

        21.
        2018.05 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        Background : Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a secondary air pollutant that negatively affects numerous agricultural crop and forest. The tropospheric ozone is constantly increasing due to fossil fuel air pollutants. Here, we study the response of tartary buckwheat to ozone gas includes physiological and biochemical changes such as change in gene expression and metabolism. Methods and Results : Tartary buckwheat plants have green stems and leaves under normal conditions, while the plants exposed to the ozone have red stems and reddish green leaves. The expression of most flavonoid biosynthetic genes were significantly upregulated in ozone-treated buckwheat plants, exceting the expression of FtF3’H2. The contents of two anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, were significantly increased by ozone treatment. From the metabolic profiling based on the GC-TOF-MS analysis, we identified the effect of ozone on thirty-five metabolites, including sugars, amino acids, and organic acids. Most of the metabolites result in significantly decreased or nearly remain unchanged in the ozone-treated plants compared with untreated plants, excepting alanine, proline, tryptophan, sucrose, and raffinose. To identify the effect of ozone on the leaf, we analyzed the epidermal cells on the leaf surface by scanning electron microscopy. Interestingly, amount of epidermal cells were partially destructed in ozone-treated plants. Conclusion : By analyzing both primary and secondary metabolites of tartary buchwheat without or with ozone, we identified that ozone affects the modulation of the metabolites as well as gene expression in tartary buchwheat.
        22.
        2018.05 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        Background : Solanum nigrum Lin. is an annual herbaceous plant which belongs to the family Solanaceae as known the important medicinal herb and health-benefiting plant. Phytochemical investigation of whole plant reported that contain total alkaloids, steroid alkaloids, steroidal saponins, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, proteins, carbohydrates, coumarins and phytosterols, and glycoproteins, exhibiting antitumor activity. Methods and Results : The accumulation of anthocyanin known as synthesis by flavonoid biosynthesis pathway is increased by AtPAP1 transcriptional factor. To identify the effect of AtPAP1 in S. nigrum, we generate AtPAP1-overexpressed S. nigrum and investigate total anthocyanin in these transgenic lines. The transgenic lines resulted in increasing the total anthocyanin amount compared with control line. Thus, the transgenic lines appeared purple colored leave as well as light purple in flower petal and dark purple in flower anther. To identify that AtPAP1 affects the genes profiling of anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in S. nigrum, we harvested the AtPAP1-overexpressed S. nigrum transgenic lines and proceeded to qRT-PCR analysis. The result indicated that AtPAP1 gene highly induces in transgenic lines and the most upstream pathway genes of flavonoid such as SnPAL, SnC4H, Sn4CL, SnCHI and SnHCT are induced by AtPAP1 overexpression, excepting UGT75C1. According to these results, those functional genes may be regulated by AtPAP1 transcription factor. Thus, the purple color appearing in AtPAP1-overexpressed S. nigrum plants may be regulated by those genes. Conclusion : When AtPAP1 is overexpressing, the most genes in flavonoid pathway upregulate and activate resulting in accumulation of anthocyanin compound in leave and flower organs in S. nigrum. Ultimately, our data will be helpful for further research in S. nigrum molecular and physiology and better strategies for exploiting its phytochemical properties.
        23.
        2018.04 KCI 등재 SCOPUS 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        The quality characteistics and kimchi processing ability of the kimchi cabbage cultivar ‘Cheonjincheongmayup’ (CC) were analyzed and compared with those of the ‘Chunkwang’ (CK) cultivar. The head weight of CC was lower than that of CK, and the head length of CC was larger than that of CK. CC had narrower and longer mid ribs than CK. Furthermore, the head formation index of CC was lower than that of CK. The firmness and soluble solid content were higher in CC than in CK. The salinity of Cheonjincheongmayup kimchi (CCK) was 2.89-3.02%, which was higher than 1.94-2.10% salinity measured in Chunkwang kimchi (CKK). The initial titratable acidity in CCK was higher than that of CKK, but increasd more slowly during storage. CCK was firmer than CKK; lactic acid bacteria in CCK was lower than in CKK initially, but increased more in CKK than in CCK after six weeks of storage. We found that CC was suitable for making Makkimchi because of its long and narrow mid ribs, saltiness, and slow fermentation. CC should be improved as less hot spicy and less hard texture to use a Makkimchi material.
        24.
        2017.09 KCI 등재 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        Plant molecular farming has attracted a lot of attention lately in the field of mass production of industrially valuable materials by extending application of the plant as a kind of factory concept. Among them, protein expression system using rice(Oryza sativa L.) callus is a technology capable of mass culture and industrialization because of a high expression rate of a target protein. This study was carried out to develop an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system to increase the utilization of rice callus. The transformation efficiency was improved by using the hand when seeds were de-husked for callus induction. Furthermore, we were possible induction of callus from 6 years old seed smoothly. Selection of the callus contained the target gene was required a cultivation period of at least 3 weeks, and the most efficient selection period was after 6 weeks of culture including one passage. This selection was confirmed that the gene was stably inserted into the genomic DNA of the plant cell by the southern blot analysis and progeny test. Such an efficient selection system of rice callus that can be cultured in the long term will be contribute to the industrialization of useful recombinant proteins using rice.
        25.
        2017.02 KCI 등재 SCOPUS 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        본 연구는 절임배추의 유통 중 단기 유통시스템에 따른 이화학적 및 미생물학적 품질 변화에 대하여 알아보고, 그에 따른 품질지표를 평가하고자 실시하였다. 여름철에 제조한 절임배추는 탈수 후 바로 저밀도 폴리에틸렌 필름에 포장하거나 2% 염수와 함께 포장하여 실온유통시스템(conventional system)과 저온유통시스템(cold-chain system)을 갖춘 1톤 트럭에 각각 구분하여 적재하였으며 약 6시간동안 유통하였다. 이화학적 및 미생물학적 변화로 품온, 염도, 산도, pH, 수분감, 일반세균, 젖산균, 대장균, 대장균군, 효모 및 곰팡이에 대해 조사하였다. 실온유통시스템의 경우 절임배추의 품온은 필름 내 염수포장 절임배추에서 19.57℃, 필름포장 절임배추에서 19.43℃, 저온유통시스템의 경우 필름 내 염수포장 절임배추에서 10.73℃, 필름포장 절임배추에서 12.90℃까지 증가하였다. 염도변화는 저온유통시스템의 경우 변화가 없었으나, 실온유통시스템의 경우 필름 내 염수포장 절임배추와 필름포장 절임배추에서 품온과 각각의 염도변화가 정의 상관성을 보이며 초기에 비해 1.2배 혹은 1.7배 더 높았다. 산도는 저온유통시스템에서 두 가지 포장조건 모두 약간 증가하였다. 실온유통시스템에서 필름 내 염수포장 절임배추의 총 호기성균과 젖산균수가 각각 7.62 log CFU/g 및 6.77 log CFU/g까지 증가하는 동안 필름포장 절임배추는 각각 5.62-5.85 log CFU/g과 4.33-4.83 log CFU/g의 범위를 나타냈다. 그러나 저온유통시스템의 경우 유통시간 증가에 따른 유의미한 미생물학적 변화를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 절임배추 유통 시 저온유통시스템을 이용한 경우 이화학적 품질 유지 및 미생물 제어에 효과적이며, 실온유통시스템을 이용한 경우 품온 상승에 따른 염도 및 미생물 변화에 유의해야 한다. 또한 염도, 총호기성균 및 젖산균은 실온유통시스템 내 품질지표로 이용가능하며, 산도는 저온유통시스템 내 품질지표로 이용가능하다.
        26.
        2016.10 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        Background : Nasturtium officinale, belongs to the Brassicaceae, is a perennial plant growing in and around natural watersystem. It is commonly called watercress and commercially consumed as a salad crop in many countries. Hairy root cultures (HRCs), transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes (A. rhizogenes), have been noted for an experimental model system in plant metabolic engineering for the synthesis of natural products since hairy roots have fascinating properties including biochemical and genetic stability, high biosynthetic capacity for secondary metabolites and rapid growth rates. Methods and Results : The dry weights (DW) of watercress hairy roots was measured after 4-days freeze dryer. The highest weight was recorded after HRCs in SH and half-strength SH medium, followed by the levels of DW in MS and half-strength medium. However, the level of DW after HRCs in half-strength medium was lowest. SH medium is the most suitable for the growth of watercress hairy roots. Glucosinolate contents in the hairy roots varied responding to the basal media. 1/2 SH basal media resulted in the lowest value of total glucosinolate. MS basal media, however, resulted in the highest value of total glucosinolate, as well as the highest accumulation of each glucosinolate. The hairy roots cultured in 1/2 MS basal media showed the second highest value of total glucosinolate, followed by B5, SH and 1/2 B5. The accumulation of 4-Methoxyglucobrassicin and gluconasturtiin was also secondly higher in the hairy roots in 1/2 MS. In contrast, the level of 4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin and glucobrassicin were the second highest after culturing in SH and B5, respectively. Conclusion : In this study, media played a main role in growth and glucosinolate accumulation in watercress hairy roots. SH and half-strength SH media enabled the rate growth of hairy roots to be highest. In contrast, the highest accumulation of glucosinolate was recorded after HRCs in MS media. The current study suggests HRCs of watercress could be one of an effective alternative approaches for the enhanced production of glucosinolates
        27.
        2016.10 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        Background : Agastache rugosa (A.rugosa), belongs to the Labiatae family, is a perennial plant distributed in Korea, Japan, Taiwan and China. It is commonly called korean mint and commercially consumed as a medicinal plant in many countries since the crop contains monoterpenes and phenylpropanoids including rosmarinic acid, tilianin and acacetin. Achievement of hairy root cultures (HRCs) through infection of A rhizogenes is a valuable alternative approach, resulting from genetic and biochemical stability, rapid growth rates and synthesis of natural products. Methods and Results : The hairy root, obtained from the explant of A.rugosa, was cultured in the basal half-strength MS (Murashige & Skoog) medium. The dry weights (DW) of hairy roots was measured after 4-days freeze dryer. The highest levels of DW were obtained at hairy roots cultured in the basal medium supplemented with glucose, galactose and sucrose. The lowest weight was recorded after HRCs in the control, meant that the medium did not contain any carbon sources. Sucrose, glucose and galactose are the most suitable for the growth of korean mint hairy roots. the rosmarinic acid contents in the hairy roots varied responding to various carbohydrates. The basal media added with sucrose resulted in the highest value of rosmarinic acid, followed by the basal media with galactose and glucose. The control showed the lowest amount of rosmarinic acid. Conclusion : In this study, carbon source are of importance for growth and accumulation of rosmarinic acid accumulation in korean mint hairy roots. Especially, the accumulation of rosmrinic acid and hairy root growth was the most appropriate carbohydrate. The current study suggests HRCs of korean mint could provide an valuable alternative approaches for the enhanced production of rosmarinic acid.
        28.
        2016.10 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        Background : Mulberry (Morus alba L.), renowned for their medicine benefits and the leave as the sole food for silkworm (Bombyx mori). To understanding the molecular mechanism of color formation and nutritive value in different mulberry fruit varieties, we use high-throughput transcriptome sequencing technique to investigated the anthocyanin and betulinic biosynthesis pathway related functional genes. In addition, the total antosyanin and betuinic acid contend were also measured. Methods and Results : The resulting cDNA library was then sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 system. The clean reads were assembled using Trinity software, Then perform gene family clustering to get final unigenes. The pH differential method was used to determine the total anthocyanin content (TAC) of methanol extract from the red and white mulberry, and High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to quantify the triterpenes content. In this study, total 50,149 unigenes with an average length of 1,125 nt and N50 equaling 1,861 nt were generated. Using these transcriptome sequecing, cDNAs encoding anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and triterpene biosynthetic genes were isolated. In addition, total anthocyanins and betulinic acid content were analyzed. A great amount of total anthocyanins (59.16 mg/g) were found in fully ripe fruit of Cheongil. Accumulation of betulin and betulinic acid were also detected in all stages of Cheongil and Turkey fruits with small amount. Conclusion : The results of transcriptome sequencing provide useful information at molecular lever in mulberry research, such as interesting gene discovering, marker assisted molecular breeding, and interesting metabolic pathway investigate. The gene expression results could help us understanding of the molecular mechanisms of different fruit color determining factor.
        29.
        2016.10 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        Background : Momordica charantia L. (M. charantia) is a member of the family Cucurbitaceae, used as a medicine herb in traditional medicine. In this study, we present the sequencing, de novo assembly and analysis of the transcriptome of M. charantia and provide a global description of relationship between putative phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis genes and alteration of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid content during different organs and plantlet of M. charantia. Methods and Results : The transcriptome of M. charantia was constructed by using an Illumina Nexteseq500 sequencing system. Out of 68,073,862 total reads, approximately 88,703 unigenes were identified with a length of 898 bp. Alternatively, transcriptomic data, 10cDNAs (McPAL, McC4H, Mc4CL, McCOMT, McCHS, McCHI, McF3H, McFLS, McDFR and Mc3GT) encoded phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthetic genes. The expression levels and the accumulation of trans-cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, 4-hydroxyvbenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, catechin hydrate, ferulic acid, and rutin were investigated in different organs and plantlets. Mainly, phenylpropanoids and flavonoids accumulated in leaves and flowers, whereas low levels accumulated in roots. Collectively, these results indicate that the putative McPAL, McC4H, McCOMT, McFLS, and Mc3GT might be key factors for controlling phenylpropanoid and flavonoid contents in M. charantia. Conclusion : In this study, we present the sequencing, de novo assembly and analysis of the transcriptome of M. charantia. We also compared gene expression and compound analysis of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid in different organs and plantlet of M. charantia. These results indicate that McPAL, McC4H, McCOMT, McFLS, and Mc3GT are key regulators of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid accumulation in M. charantia
        30.
        2016.10 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        Background : The genus of Mentha contains more than 25 species and has been used as cuisines, medicines, cosmetics, oral hygiene products, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and flavor enhancing agent. Due to economical value of these species, many studies have identified and isolated the beneficial constituents such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and volatile compounds. In this study, the primary and secondary metabolites were investigated from the aerial parts of nine different Mentha species including peppermint (M. piperita), pennyroyal mint (M. pulegium), spearmint (M. spicata), horse mint (M. longifolia), water mint (M. aquatica), apple mint, pineapple mint (M. suaveolens), and chocolate mint, eau de cologne mint (M x piperita hybrids). Also, we reported the antioxidant properties using extracts of obtained plants. Methods and Results : In total, 67 metabolites were detected using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). The difference among nine Mentha spp. by principal components analysis has been investigated. Various phenoilic compounds and carotenoids were characterized quantified in Mentha plants by HPLC. Of these, rosmarinic acid was found to be rich in most of this family. In addition, the highest content of riboflavin were indicated in spearmint. Moreover, the highest antioxidant activities (88.6 % 100 μl/ml in DPPH assay, 76.2% 100 μl/ml in hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity, and 0.076 absorbance in reducing power assay) have been shown in horse mint. Conclusion : We determined the differences in accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites (phenolic compound, carotenoid, and riboflavin) among nine Mentha species. Totally, 67 primary metabolites were identified and compared the difference by principal components analysis. Besides, horse mint has the highest and strongest antioxidant activities compared to others.
        31.
        2016.10 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        Background : Nasturtium officinale L. which is commonly known as watercress is aquatic perennial herb distributed to Europe, Asia, North and South America. It consist of various nutrients and beneficial compounds such as vitamin B and C, provitamin A, folic acid, carotenoids, glucosinolates, and minerals. Recent studies have demonstrated the biological properties that include antidiabets, antiinflammatory, antioxidative, and anticancer. In this study, the effects of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on growth and development, accumulation of phenolic compounds and glucosinolates were investigated in watercress. Methods and Results : Length of shoot and root, and fresh weight of whole plants were measured every weeks (1 to 3 weeks) after sowing. These were significantly affected by different LED lights. Normally, length of shoot and fresh weight of white- and blue-light-radiated watercress were less than those of red-light-radiated watercress. Contents of phenolic compounds and glucosinolates were investigated in watercress under different LEDs treatment by HPLC analysis. Six phenolic compounds including catechin hydrate, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, trans-cinnamic acid, and kaempferol were detected. Also, eight glucosinolates that include four aliphatic glucosinolates (glucoiberin, gluconapoleiferin, glucosiberin, and glucohirsutin), three indolic glucosinolates (4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin, and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin), and one aromatic glusinolate (gluconasturtiin). Mostly, white light treatment led to the higher production of their compounds than those of red- and blue-radiated. Conclusion : It is concluded that different LED lights have effect on growth rates and secondary metabolites production. Red light caused vigorous growth of shoot and affected their fresh weights. In addition, the accumulation of each compounds was varied depending on light colours and time of harvest.
        32.
        2016.10 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        Background : Tagetes species which belong to Asteraceae show different characteristics including, bloom size, shape, color, plant size, and leaf shape. The color of Tagetes flowers ranging from white to dark orange is due to accumulation of different carotenoids, pathway intermediates, and amount of the same carotenoid. Methods and Results : The carotenoids were monitored in flower extracts from six cultivars of Tagetes that include three T. erecta cultivars, Discovery Orange (DO), Inca Orange (IO), and Inca Yellow (IY), and three T. patula cultivars, including Durango Bee (DB), Durango Yellow (DY), and Safari Red (SR) using HPLC analysis. It showed considerable differences in carotenoid composition depending on cultivars and types of carotenoids. The highest concentration of violaxanthin which represents orange color in plants was showed in IO, whereas the compound was not detected in DB, and DY. Yellow-colored cultivars such as IY, DB, and DY exhibited low levels of lutein. However, others that indicate orange color, DO, IO, and SR showed high levels of lutein. Also, similar pattern was found in the zeaxanthin measurements. α-carotene was significantly accumulated in SR compared to other cultivars. The highest amount of β-carotene was found in SR, followed by IO, IY, DO, DY and DB. Similarly, the highest and lowest amount of 9-cis-β-carotene was showed in SR and DB, respectively. Interestingly, all cultivars except SR in 13-cis-β-carotene showed the same pattern with β-carotene, but no detection indicated in SR. Conclusion : In this study, we determined the differences in carotenoid yields among six Tagetes cultivars. In total, seven carotenoids that include violaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, α -carotene, β-carotene, 9-cis-β-carotene, and 13-cis-β-carotene were detected. Among them, all of the cultivars accumulated primarily lutein. In addition, contents of each carotenoid varied in these flowers depending on cultivars.
        33.
        2016.10 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        Background : Plants live in restricted spaces that are constantly exposed to various environmental stresses. Under these stressful conditions, plants lead to biosynthesize specialized metabolites to adapt to environmental stresses. Here we investigate the effects of cold on the metabolome of tartaty buckwheat, focusing the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Methods and Results : From the metabolic profiling based on the GC-TOF-MS analysis, we identified the effect of cold on forty-four metabolites, including sugars, amino acids, and organic acids. Most of sugars and sugar derivatives remain nearly unchanged or slightly decreased in the plants grown at 25 ºC, whereas sugar and sugar derivative contents of cold-treated plants significantly increased, excepting galactose. Some of amino acid and amino acid derivatives contents decrease in cold-treated plants, whereas organic acid derived from tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were increased the cold-treated plants compared with the plants grown at 25 ºC. Particularly, the contents of two anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, were significantly increased by cold treatment. Proanthocyanidins such as epicatechin and catechin were also significantly affected by cold. The expression of most flavonoid biosynthetic genes were significantly upregulated in cold-treated buckwheat seedling. Among the flavonoid biosynthetic genes, the expression of FtANS was notably upregulated in response to cold. Conclusion : By analyzing both primary metabolites and secondary metabolites of tartary buchwheat without or with cold, we showed that cold play a critical role in the modulation of the primary metabolites and flavonoid synthesis pathway in tartary buchwheat. Particularly, anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthetic pathways are strongly up-regulated in response to cold.
        34.
        2016.10 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        Background : Tagetes species which belong to Asteraceae show different characteristics including, bloom size, shape, color, plant size, and leaf shape. The color of Tagetes flowers ranging from white to dark orange is due to accumulation of different carotenoids, pathway intermediates, and amount of the same carotenoid. Methods and Results : The carotenoids were monitored in flower extracts from six cultivars of Tagetes that include three T. erecta cultivars, Discovery Orange (DO), Inca Orange (IO), and Inca Yellow (IY), and three T. patula cultivars, including Durango Bee (DB), Durango Yellow (DY), and Safari Red (SR) using HPLC analysis. It showed considerable differences in carotenoid composition depending on cultivars and types of carotenoids. The highest concentration of violaxanthin which represents orange color in plants was showed in IO, whereas the compound was not detected in DB, and DY. Yellow-colored cultivars such as IY, DB, and DY exhibited low levels of lutein. However, others that indicate orange color, DO, IO, and SR showed high levels of lutein. Also, similar pattern was found in the zeaxanthin measurements. α-carotene was significantly accumulated in SR compared to other cultivars. The highest amount of β-carotene was found in SR, followed by IO, IY, DO, DY and DB. Similarly, the highest and lowest amount of 9-cis-β-carotene was showed in SR and DB, respectively. Interestingly, all cultivars except SR in 13-cis-β-carotene showed the same pattern with β-carotene, but no detection indicated in SR. Conclusion : In this study, we determined the differences in carotenoid yields among six Tagetes cultivars. In total, seven carotenoids that include violaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, α -carotene, β-carotene, 9-cis-β-carotene, and 13-cis-β-carotene were detected. Among them, all of the cultivars accumulated primarily lutein. In addition, contents of each carotenoid varied in these flowers depending on cultivars.
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