The purpose of this study was to investigate the improvement of growth in Israeli carp (Cyprinus carpio), and the cross experiment was carried out with two strains of Israeli carp. Four combinations of Israeli carp from Jeonbuk fisheries farm and Songpu mirror carp from Heilong Jiang, China (KK; Jeonbuk ♀ × Jeonbuk ♂, KC; Jeonbuk ♀ × China ♂, CC; China ♀ × China ♂ and CK; China ♀ × Jeonbuk ♂) were developed and reared. Body length, body weight and condition factor were determined at 20, 40, 60 and 170 days post-hatch (DPH). The results showed that there were differences in growth rate of the four groups. Body length of four groups were CK > CC > KC > KK and body weight were CC > CK > KC > KK at 170 DPH. The growth perfomance of four groups were statistically significant difference (P<0.05). During the rearing, CC group had longer length and higher weight at 170 DPH compared to other three groups and also condition factor was highest in the CC group, but there was no significant difference in a survival rate. These results indicated that the growth performance mainly depended upon brooder combination but survival rate could not significantly affect brooder.

Background : Agrimonia pilosa (A. pilosa) Ledebour has been registered in The Korean Herbal Pharmacopeia (KHP). In the recent study, A. Coreana showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. However, Studies of components in Agrimonia coreana (A. Coreana) Nakai was not much. So, we compared A. pilosa and A. coreana by High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). we perfomed Thin layer chlromatography (TLC) including the anatomical characteristics by using microscope. Methods and Results : The anatomical characteristics of A. pilosa were similar to them of A. coreana. But, fascicular fivers of A. Coreana was broader than it of A. pilosa. TLC were performed to identify the Rutin and Apigenin-7-glucuronide compound. In the extract of Agrimoniae Herba, they were identified on the spot of Rf 0.2, 0.4 in Ethyl acetate - Formic acid – Water (8 : 1 : 1). The Rutin and Apigenin-7-glucuronide were analysed by HPLC/UV with Thermo Column (5 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm, C18), the column temperature at 40 ℃ and a diode-array detector (DAD) seted at 255 nm and 338 nm. The mobile phase was composed of water and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid with the flow rate 1 mL/min. All compounds showed good linearity (R2>0.999) within test ranges. Agrimoniae herba was extrated by four kinds of extraction methods: MeOH, 50% MeOH, EtOH and water. The highest extraction rate occurred, when it was treated with 50% Methanol for refluxing extraction (60min). Content of Rutin was found to be 0.07±0.00 mg/g in A. pilosa and 0.02±0.00 mg/g in A. coreana. Content of Apigenin-7-glucuronide was found to be 0.12±0.00 mg/g in A. pilosa and 0.11±0.00 mg/g in A. coreana. Conclusion : The anatomical characteristics of A. pilosa were similar to them of A. coreana. Contents of Rutin and Apigenin-7-glucuronide in A. pilosa was higher than them in A. coreana slightly. But there were observed the similar patterns of Agrimonia pilosa Ledebour and Agrimonia coreana Nakai on the finger print anelysis.

There have been many suggestions and much debate about climate variability during the Holocene. However, their complex forcing factors and mechanisms have not yet been clearly identified. In this paper, we have examined the Holocene climate cycles and features based on the wavelet analyses of 14C, 10Be, and 18O records. The wavelet results of the 14C and 10Be data show that the cycles of ~2180-2310, ~970, ~500-520, ~350-360, and ~210-220 years are dominant, and the ~1720 and ~1500 year cycles are relatively weak and subdominant. In particular, the ~2180-2310 year periodicity corresponding to the Hallstatt cycle is constantly significant throughout the Holocene, while the ~970 year cycle corresponding to the Eddy cycle is mainly prominent in the early half of the Holocene. In addition, distinctive signals of the ~210-220 year period corresponding to the de Vries cycle appear recurrently in the wavelet distribution of 14C and 10Be, which coincide with the grand solar minima periods. These de Vries cycle events occurred every ~2270 years on average, implying a connection with the Hallstatt cycle. In contrast, the wavelet results of 18O data show that the cycles of ~1900-2000, ~900-1000, and ~550-560 years are dominant, while the ~2750 and ~2500 year cycles are subdominant. The periods of ~2750, ~2500, and ~1900 years being derived from the 18O records of NGRIP, GRIP and GISP2 ice cores, respectively, are rather longer or shorter than the Hallstatt cycle derived from the 14C and 10Be records. The records of these three sites all show the ~900-1000 year periodicity corresponding to the Eddy cycle in the early half of the Holocene.