Transient luminous events (TLEs; sprites, elves, jets and etc.) are lightning-related optical flashes occurring above thunderstorms. Since the first discovery of sprites in 1989, scientists have learned a great deal about the morphological, spectroscopic and electromagnetic characteristics of TLEs through ground and spacecraft campaigns. However, most of the TLE studies were based on events recorded over US High Plains. To elucidate the possible biasing effects, space-borne observations are needed and have their merits. Imager of sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) on the FORMOSAT-2 satellite is the first instrument to carry out a true global measurement of TLEs from a low- earth orbit. In this short paper, we apply a common astronomical data analysis technique, two-color diagram, on the ISUAL spectrophotometer (SP) data. By choosing appropriated bandpasses and converting the measured flux of TLEs into the unit of magnitude, two-color diagrams of TLEs can be constructed. We demonstrate that two-color diagrams, which were constructed from the narrow-band spectrophotometer data, can be used to classify different types of TLEs and trace their temporal evolution. The amount of reddening due to Earth's atmosphere can also be estimated from two-color diagrams assembled from the broad-band spectrophotometer data.

In recent years, electronic products have played an increasingly important role in modern society and have penetrated into people’s life and work. With the continuous development of technology and the increasing demand for convenience and innovation, the functions and performance of electronic products continue to improve. However, the intensification of market competition and the rapid advancement of technological progress have brought many challenges and opportunities to the field of electronic products. This paper takes the new product development project management process of Lenovo Company as the research object, adopts investigation analysis method, literature analysis method and project management theory and gateway development management theory to deeply analyze the existing problems in the new product development project management of Lenovo Company, such as: The new product development cycle is long, the new product development cost is over budget, the new product development project organization and coordination ability is weak, and the project monitoring and feedback are not timely. The causes of these problems are analyzed. In view of the existing problems, this paper makes an in-depth study of the relevant theories of project management and new product development, and puts forward an optimization scheme suitable for the improvement of the new product development project management of Lenovo Company. It means adopting agile development scheme, establishing project development cost control point, optimizing organizational structure, and establishing perfect project management supervision and feedback mechanism. Finally, based on the current situation of Lenovo ‘s new product development, this paper proposes the guarantee measures for the smooth implementation of the new product development project management optimization plan, namely, talent guarantee, development and innovation awareness, risk control awareness, and management awareness in strengthening cultural construction, so as to ensure the smooth implementation of new product development project management.

이 글은 2003~2018년까지 16년간 중국이 아세안(동남아국가연합)에 직접 투자한 패널 데이터를 수집해 분석한 것으로, IMF의 대표적 금융기관 발전 수준을 보여주는 FI (Financial Institution Index)와 금융시장 발전 수준을 보여주는 FM (Financial Markets Index)을 채택해 ASEAN의 금융 발전 수준을 가늠 하는 변수로 삼았다. 각국의 정치적 수준을 대변하는 WGI(Worldwide Governance Indicators)와 각국의 인간개발지수를 나타내는 HDI (Human Development Index)를 채택해 아세안 사회 환경을 가늠 하는 변수로 삼았다. 이를 조절변수로 삼아 아세안에 대한 중국의 직접투자를 각각 상호작용을 하여 중국의 직접투자가 아세안의 경제에 미치는 영향을 관측하였다. 그 결과 중국의 동남아국가연합(ASEAN)에 대한 직접투자가 유치국 경제 성장에 긍정적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 동시에 아세안의 사회 환경과 금융 발전은 중국의 직접 투자에 대해 부정적인 조정 작용을 가져온다.

In the information age, the relationship between customers and companies is not just about the relationship between consumers and products provided. In the online shopping context, customers are connected to the companies through the Internet before and after the purchase. The concept of "customer engagement" is also formed during the process. In short, customer engagement is the connection that an enterprise establishes with customers through marketing activities. Specifically, customer engagement refers to a series of transactions or non-dealing behaviors of the enterprise, including the interaction between enterprise and the customer, customer's participation behavior and other related behavior, which affects the customer's enthusiasm, social interaction, and conscious participation. Based on the emerging concept of customer engagement, this research keeps up with latest dynamics of online environment and tries to explore the role of customer engagement in the context of social media. Since there are a variety of social media platforms existing, we choose one of the most popular social media platforms in China, WeChat, to investigate the impact of customer engagement on brand loyalty to help companies improve customer's brand loyalty through social media marketing.

Based on the panel data of 24 provinces (cities) in mainland China over 19 years from 2000 to 2018, this paper analyzes the macro factors influencing South Korea's direct investment in China. The analysis results show that the GDP size of Chinese provinces (cities) has attracted the inflow of direct investment from South Korea significantly. Infrastructure construction in each province (city) is also an influential factor. The market openness, FDI acceptance and technology market activity of Chinese provinces (cities) are also the reasons that have a significant impact on South Korean FDI. In addition, South Korea's direct investment in China also has a positive effect in terms of the investment cost reduction brought by borrowing financing and currency exchange rate. Finally, the financial crisis has slowed South Korea's direct investment in China. In terms of geographical selection, South Korea's direct investment tends to the eastern developed regions.

This paper mainly analyzes the main factors influencing South Korea's FDI to China from two aspects: South Korea and China. The analysis shows that China's GDP growth has a negative impact on FDI from South Korea, while South Korea's GDP growth has a huge positive impact on FDI to China. South Korea's exports to China play a positive role in promoting FDI to China, while China's exports to the world also drive South Korea's FDI to China. As can be seen from the interest observation variable PPI cited, the increase of PPI has a negative impact on FDI from South Korea to China, especially on small and medium-sized enterprises. The exchange rate change has a much more significant impact on large enterprises than on small and medium-sized enterprises, but the impact is not high compared with other variables. The depreciation of the Korean currency against the RMB will be detrimental to South Korea's FDI to China.

Xu Jingda is undoubtedly an animated director with the most "paradigm" meaning in the history of Chinese animation, beginning in the 1980s. He was praised by Tewei as an "unusual talent." The animation he directed are simple, humorous, subtle and whimsical. Different from the previous generation of animators' understanding and exploration of the "nationalization" of animation, Xu Jingda's animation works mostly explore and analyze the national cultural psychology from the perspective of human nature, and make new insights into the nationality and inter-nationality. To a certain extent, his films expanded the road of Chinese animated creations, and even promoted and surpassed the artistic pursuit and academic connotation of the "Chinese Animation School" at that time. Although his animated works can't be compared with the European and American animated films at the time, the national cultural connotation and human thoughts contained within them, as well as the aesthetic enjoyment brought to the audience are immense. This is not only due to the cultivation of the predecessors and their own efforts, but also the artistic style of the foreign animation has a deep influence on him. A research on Xu Jingda, an innovative animation director, focuses on the artistic style and creative concepts in these animated films. This paper starts with Xu Jingda's influence on the artistic style of Zagreb's animation school, and conducts an in-depth analysis and research on the development of traditional story themes, the exploration of animated film language and the excavation of national cultural psychology, and explores Xu Jingda's unique style. The creative art creation style and its importance and innovation in the process of nationalization of Chinese animation. All of this helps achieve a look into the development and innovation of the current "nationalization" of Chinese animation.

Purpose - This study aims to clarify the impact of smart health gadgets (specfically, smart watches/sports wristbands) on promoting healthy behavior. It also aims to understand the use and characteristics of the devices, to explore the relationship between device factors and factors that affect healthy behavior, and to discuss the development of health promotion. Research, design, data, and methodology - Smart device users were investigated through a random sampling method of 185 respondents, including all ages and all levels of occupation, education, and income. The SmartPLS 3.0 software enabled the path analysis and the descriptive statistical analysis; the theoretical model was evaluated for the parameter analysis. Results - The size and path of each factor impacting health promoting behavior were ascertained. The objective factors that attract users to the smart wristband were investigated as well as the methods by which the device and the HPM are bound to each other and the correlation factors to seek out the closest relationship. Conclusions - According to the analysis, the real-time smart watch/sports wristband exerts a positive impact on one’s health promoting behavior. Health awareness is increasingly promoted in the process of using the device, and the impact of health awareness and self-efficacy effects on healthy behavior is considerable.

Purpose - This paper aims at exploring the effects of failure types such as failure in promotion orientation and failure in prevention orientation on consumers' consumption behavior, and the moderation role of lay theories in the effects. Research design, data, and methodology – This study employed 2 between-subject designs(failure in promotion orientation vs. failure in prevention orientation) and also 2 (failure in promotion orientation vs. failure in prevention orientation) with implicit self as the within-subject. Chinese consumers participated in the empirical study, and to verify the hypotheses ANOVA, T-test and regression analysis were used. Results – Consumers were more likely to choose adaptive consumption behavior rather than compensatory consumption behavior when they were encountered with failure in promotion orientation versus failure in prevention orientation. Lay theories did play the moderation role in the effect of failure types on consumption behavior. The incremental theorists who think that effort is an important way to accomplish their learning goals showed more willingness to conduct compensatory consumption behavior rather than adaptive consumption behavior. Conclusions – Marketers should put more attention on the ways by which their products can help consumers self-improve when consumers encounter with failure. They should also be aware of the importance of consumers' mindsets when designing and developing advertising messages.