잔디에 있어서 낮은 형질전환 효율의 직접적인 원인 중 에 하나인 낮은 캘러스 유도율과 식물체 재분화율을 개선 시키기 위하여 잔디 완숙종자의 전처리의 효과를 비교해 보았다. 살균한 잔디종자에 swelling 처리를 10분간 실시한 후, sea sand를 이용 하여 sea sand와 종자의 비율을 1:1로 한 다음, shaking 처리는 vortex speed 6 (1,000 rpm)에서 처 리시간은 10분간 전처리를 실시하였을 때 무처리구에 비해 2배 이상의 배양 효율을 나타내었다. 또한 sea sand로 전처 리한 잔디종자로부터 형성된 캘러스를 식물체 재분화 유도 배지에 치상했을 그 효율이 훨씬 더 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 연중 아무 때나 이용할 수 있는 장점을 지닌 잔디 완숙종자로부터 유도시킨 캘러스 세포를 이용하여 Agrobacterium으로 형질전환하는데 있어서 그 효 율을 향상 시키는데 큰 기여를 할 것으로 추측된다.

본 연구는 조경수의 우량한 묘목 생산과 굴취비용의 절감을 위해 지상․지중 용기재배가 종가시나무 4 년생 묘목의 생장에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 플라스틱 용기(상부 Ø19 × 하부 Ø13 × 높이 20㎝)로 묘목을 이식하여 활착시킨 후 묘포에 지중과 지상에 배치하였다. 시험구는 단일용기와 60g 부직포를 혼용한 2가지 처리구로 구분하였으며, A-type(노지묘: 대조구), B-type(지면용기), C-type(지면부직포용기), D-type(지중용기), E-type(지중부직포용기)로 배치하였다. 처리구별 묘목의 상대생장률을 측정한 결과 간장 10.96㎝, 근원경 0.06㎜로 D-type 처리구에서 가장 높은 생장을 보였 다(p<0.05). 건물생산량은 D-type 처리구에서 높게 나타났으며, 묘목 품질지수 또한 D-type 처리구에 서 유의성이 높게 나타나 생장이 가장 우수한 것으로 판단된다(p<0.05). 뿌리형태 특성을 분석한 결과 전체적으로 뿌리길이, 직경, 용적이 D-type 처리구에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 본 실험의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 지중용기 처리구에서 묘목의 품질이 우수하였으며, 지중용기 재배에 따른 굴취비용 절감이 예상 됨으로 종가시나무 4년생 생산에 적합한 재배방법으로 판단된다.

본 연구는 반추동물의 조사료 자원으로서 거대억새를 개발하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 우리나라에서 새롭게 개발된 품종인 거대억새 1호를 완숙기 이후에 채취하여 in vitro 반추위 발효를 이용해반추위내 pH, 암모니아태 질소, 가스발생량, 휘발성 지방산 생성량 및 건물소화율을 조사하였으며,볏짚과 비교하여 평가하였다. 거대억새는 볏짚에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 반추위내 pH를 나타내었다(p<0.01). 암모니아태 질소의 경우 배양 12시간 이후에는 두 처리구간의 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다 (p>0.05). 배양 6시간 이후 부터는 거대억새의 가스발생량이 볏짚에 비하여 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 휘발성 지방산 생성량에 있어 acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate 및 총생상량에서 볏짚이 거대억새보다 높게 나타났다. 그러나 iso-butyrate와 iso-valerate에서는 두 조사료원별 차이는 발견되지 않았다. 건물소화율에 있어 배양 12~24시간 사이의 거대억새 소화율이 볏짚에 비하여 유의적으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 거대억새의 이용성은 볏짚의 약 80% 수준인 것으로 나타났다.

The early diagnosis of bovine pregnancy is an essential component of successful reproductive planning on farms, because lack of bovine pregnancy over the long term results in reproductive failure and low milk yield‐the latter of which is a special concern on dairy farms. This study was designed to identify early pregnancy‐specific whey proteins in bovine, by comparing milk samples collected from cattle during pregnancy (Days 30 and 50) and from non‐pregnant cattle. In this study, differentially expressed proteins in five pregnant and five non‐pregnant Holstein dairy cattle were investigated and compared, using proteomics analysis. The first dimension was applied to a pH 3.0～10.0 strip, by loading a 2‐mg milk protein sample. After the second‐dimension separation was performed, the gels were stained with colloidal Coomassie brilliant blue. The stained gels were scanned and the images were analyzed, to detect variations in protein spots between non‐pregnant and pregnant cattle milk protein spots, using ImageMaster; this was followed by analysis with MALDI TOF‐MS. Analysis of the 2‐DE gel image resulted in a total of approximately 500～600 protein spots, of which 12 spots were differentially expressed, six spots were up‐regulated, and four spots were downregulated; two spots were identified as pregnancy‐specific proteins. These proteins were identified as lactoferrin, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2, albumin, serum albumin precursor and transferrin. Our results via 2‐D PAGE analysis revealed composite profiles of several milk proteins related to early bovine pregnancy, implying the possible use of these milk proteins in the early detection of bovine pregnancy.

Interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) is a valuable tool for studying the interactions between an oocyte and somatic nucleus. The object of this study was to investigate the developmental competence of in vitro‐matured porcine oocytes after transfer of the somatic cell nuclei of 2 different species (goat and rabbit). Porcine cumulus oocytes were obtained from the follicles of ovaries and matured in TCM‐199. The reconstructed embryos were electrically fused with 2 DC pulses of 1.1 kV/cm for 30 μs in 0.3 M mannitol medium. The activated cloned embryos were cultured in porcine zygote medium‐3 (PZM‐3), mSOF or RDH medium for 7 days. The blastocyst formation rate of the embryos reconstructed from goat or rabbit fetal fibroblasts was significantly lower than that of the embryos reconstructed from porcine fetal fibroblast cells. However, a significantly higher number of embryos reconstructed from goat or rabbit fetal fibroblasts cultured in mSOF or RDH, respectively, developed to the morular stage than those cultured in PZM‐3. These results suggest that goat and bovine fetal fibroblasts were less efficacious than porcine‐porcine cloned embryos and that culture condition could be an important factor in iSCNT. The lower developmental potential of goat‐porcine and porcine‐bovine cloned embryos may be due to incompatibility between the porcine oocyte cytoplasm and goat and bovine somatic nuclei.

Insulin, transferrin and selenium (ITS) complex is reported to improve in vitro development of oocytes and embryos. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of ITS during in vitro culture (IVC) of porcine parthenogenetic and nuclear transfer (NT) embryos on subsequent developmental capacity in vitro. The electrically activated oocytes were cultured in Porcine Zygote Medium (PZM-3) with various concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0%) of ITS for 7 days. Also, the electrically activated reconstructed embryos were cultured in PZM-3 with various concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0%) of ITS for 6 days. Addition of ITS to culture medium did not affect development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos in vitro. To test the effect of ITS on the in vitro development of porcine NT embryos, factorial experiments were also performed for in vitro maturation (IVM) medium (TCM-199) with or without 1% ITS and culture medium (PZM-3) with or without 0.5% ITS. Addition of 0.5% ITS to culture medium increased (p<0.05) the proportion of NT blastocysts compared with non-treated group. In contrast, addition of 1% ITS to culture medium was ineffective or had a detrimental effect. Also, addition of ITS only to maturation medium increased (p<0.05) the percentage of NT blastocysts formation compared with the control group. In conclusion, addition of ITS to IVM or IVC medium could improve subsequent blastocyst development of porcine NT embryos.

To examine the differential protein expression pattern in the 11.5 day post-coitus (dpc) and 18.5 dpc placenta of mouse, we have used the global proteomics approach by 2-D gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and MALDI-TOF-MS. The differential protein patterns of 3 placentae at the 11.5 dpc and 18.5 dpc from nature mating mice were analyzed. Proteins within isoelectric point range of 3.0~10.0, separately were analyzed in 2DE with 3 replications of each sample. A total of approximately 1,600 spots were detected in placental 2-D gel stained with Coomassie-blue. In the comparison of 11.5 dpc and 18.5 dpc placentae, a total of 108 spots were identified as differentially expressed proteins, of which 51 spots were up-regulated proteins such as alpha-fetoprotein, mKIAA0635 protein and transferrin, annexin A5, while 48 spots were down-regulated proteins such as Pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor 1(PBEF), aldolase 1, A isoform, while 4 spots were 11.5 dpc specific proteins such as chaperonin and Acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0, while 3 spots were 18.5 dpc specific proteins such as aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B7 and CAST1/ERC2 splicing variant-1. Most identified proteins in this analysis appeared to be related with catabolism, cell growth, metabolism and regulation. Our results revealed composite profiles of key proteins involved in mouse placenta during pregnancy.