Background : In recent years, as the ginseng cultivation area using vinyl house is increasing, the demand of farmhouses for the studies of appropriate direct sowing cultivation and ginseng varieties for vinyl house cultivation is increasing, and there is a necessity to produce high quality clean ginseng in vinyl house in tandem with the consumers’ demand for pesticide-free ginseng. Thus, the goal of this research is to determine appropriate ridge height and width when growing ginseng in the vinyl house using direct sowing cropping system. The research was also done to choose ginseng breed for direct sowing cultivation. Methods and Results : The ground part of 4 years old ginseng grown in the vinyl house using direct-sowing cropping pattern was the type that grew well in 100 ㎝ wide ridge rather than 90 ㎝ wide ridge. It also tended to grow well in 20 ㎝ or 30 ㎝ long ridge as opposed to 10 ㎝ long ones. The root weight of the underground part was superior under 90 ㎝ × 20 ㎝(ridge height×ridge width), 90 ㎝ × 30 ㎝, 110 ㎝ × 10 ㎝ and 110 ㎝ × 20 ㎝ cultivation area. The root diameter was longer, the longer the ridge height. The volume per 1.62 ㎡ was superior for 100cm, 120 ㎝ × 10 ㎝ cultivation area. The ginseng whose ground part was superior in the vinyl house were Chungsun and Seonweon. Seonweon and Gumpoong had superior root weight in underground parts. The root length was superior for Geumsun. The ginseng that were direct sowing in the vinyl house did not have rusty ginseng problem regardless of ridge height and kind. The root injury was greatest in the cultivation area with ridge width of 90 ㎝. Conclusion : According to the results above, the growth in vinyl house using direct sowing cropping pattern was best when ridge width was 100㎝ and 110cm in ridge height of 30 ㎝. The best selection was Chunpoong and Seonweon. The root weight of the underground part was superior in 110 ㎝ × 10 ㎝ cultivation area, the best variety was Seonweon and Gumpoong.

Background : Green house hydroponic ginseng in the production cycle is shorter than the open field cultivation growers and attention. In particular, this part of the Aerial is a study on the active ingredients and contents. Ginseng has been focused on the past producing soil cultivation, producing hydroponic ginseng aerial part is known to have a high content of ginsenosides, and the active ingredient. Irrigation method, the culture soil and nutrient management are the impacts associated with the product's performance on ginseng growth. Ginseng growth stage is divided into five stages: emergence, foliation, root elongation, root enlargement and defoliation. because ginseng requires a water adjustment for each growth stage. It has been trying to control bottom surface irrigation and nutrient concentrations. Methods and Results : Ginseng seedling has been used for experiments to screen a healthy seedling of around 0.8g. Each of the seedling transplanted box was water supplied to the timer and the individual nozzle was 4ℓ amount per hour. All growth measures and sampling was carried out four times a seedling transplantation from 30 to 120 days. Soil sampling each time was a chemical analysis. In addition, the plant was used to analyze the ginsenosides. Conclusion : 12 of total ginsenosides ingredients were highest in the aerial part is 90 days, total ginsenosides of the 10 components in the root part was the highest in 30 days. The results were different this ginsenosides content from time to time, there were differences with previous reports. Results are shown to be due to the difference in the cultivation method and environment.

Two carotenoid biosynthetic genes, phytoene synthase (Psy) and carotene desaturase (CrtI) linked via synthetic 2A sequence under control of CaMV 35S promoter (two T0 plants 5 and 6) or β- conglycinin promoter (three T0 plants 7, 13 and 16) were transformed into soybean variety Kwangan. After agronomic and phenotypic selection at early generations, T5 progeny of PAC soybean were analyzed by Southern blot to confirm T-DNA copy numbers. A total of 27 homologous lines derived from one of three T0 plants (line 7 under the control of β- conglycinin promoter) with one copy T-DNA insertion, were separated and planted into greenhouse. Flanking sequence analysis was carried out on one of homologous line 6-2-3 and results indicated the T-DNA was intergenic inserted into chromosome 14 from 10,873,131 to 10,872,998 base of soybean chromosome. T-DNA insertion structure, flanking sequence and inserted gene expressions need to be analyzed in the further study.

Resveratrol rice Iksan526 was developed by overexpession of T-DNA (RB::P-Ubi::RS::T-NOS::P-35S::PAT::T-35S::LB) in rice variety Dongjin. To confirm one locus insertion of T-DNAs, Mendelian genetic analysis was carried out on selection marker bar gene and objective RS gene separately by using a F2 population derived from a cross of Dongjin/Iksan526 (T6). A total of 450 four-leaf-old plants from F2 population were treated by 0.3% basta, and a phenotypic separation ratio of 3:1 (321 survival: 129 dead, p>0.90) complied with Mendelian inheritance indicating one locus insertion of bar gene. Genotypic separation was analyzed by using PCR with specific primers for 300 plants, which were selected from 321 survival plants after phenotypic separation. Results revealed a ratio 1:2 of homologous to heterozygous (92:208, p>0.90), which further confirmed one locus insertion of RS gene. In addition, comparison on agronomic traits and resveratrol contents between transgenic rice and the donor variety were launched to evaluate the phenotypic performance over multi-generations (years).

Each parent, P1 and P2, ten F1 hybrids among 5 parents, eight F2, B1 (F1 × P1), and B2 (F1 × P2were evaluated for spikelet fertility related to cold tolerance in cold-water irrigated plot. Heterosis for spikelet fertility varied from8.6% to 60.5% with a m

Resveratrol, which is both a phytoalexin with antifungal activity and a phytochemical associated with reduced cancer risk and reduced cardiovascular disease, is synthesized in a limited number of plant species including peanut. Resveratrol synthesis is catalyzed by the enzyme stilbene synthase including resveratrol synthase (RS). Resveratrol synthase gene (RS3) obtained from peanut, Arachis hypogaea, Fabaceae has been transferred into chinese foxglove, Rehmannia glutinosa by using Agrobacterium mediated transformation. RS t-DNA introduced to chinese foxglove (R. glutinosa L) by transformation and its reaction product, resveratrol-3-O-β-D-glucoside was isolated and characterized using HPLC. Also its biological effects was tested in inhibition of the lipid peroxidation of mouse LDL by glycosylated stilbenes derivatives obtained from transgenic plants. Resveratrol-3-O-β-D-glucoside isolated from transgenic R. glutinosa L. showed antimicrobial activity of the growth inhibition zone against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Therefore, this compound can be contributed to be useful as a phytoalexin for plant health as well as a phytochemical for human health.

The objectives of this study were to establish the genetic transformation system of stilbene synthase in Rehmannia glutinosa. Resveratrol, which is both a phytoalexin with antifungal activity and a phytochemical associated with reduced cancer risk and reduced cardiovascular disease, is synthesized in a limited number of plant species including peanut. Resveratrol synthesis is catalyzed by the enzyme stilbene synthase including resveratrol synthase (RS). Stilbene synthase gene (RS3) obtained from peanut, Arachis hypogaea, Fabaceae has been transferred into chinese foxglove, Rehmannia glutinosa by using Agrobacterium mediated transformation. PCR analysis with RS3 primer confirmed that the targeted gene was introduced into the plant genome, 904 bp in size. Further analyses of identification of transformation using developed other molecular techniques and transgenic plants that RS t-DNA introduced to chinese foxglove (R. glutinosa L) and its reaction product, stilbene such as resveratrol will be isolate and characterize using NMR, MS, and HPLC.

Secondary phenolic metabolites play an important role in plant defense mechanisms, and increasing evidence indicates that many phenolic compounds are important in human health. To date, few studies have investigated the impact of various medicinal plants on levels of secondary plant metabolites. To address this issue, 82 species of Korean medicinal plants were screened to determine their resveratrol contents. Among 82 medicinal plants, 5 species such as Gardenia jasmonoides, Phlomis umbrosa, Rheum palmatum L., Polygala tenuifolia, Rubus chingii HU contained relatively high concentrations of resveratrol (179.75~42.71 μg/g). But, 40 species including Adenophora triphylla var. japonica HARA were only observed low concentrations or trace of resveratrol, and 20 species including Alpinia officinarum HANCE did not contain a resveratrol.

‘Jopummil’ was bred from the cross between SW88416-B-0 with the early maturity and short culm, and the F1 hybrid between OR8500494P and “Bezostaya” in 1990. It was examined as ‘Suwon 284’ in the regional yield trials(RYT) from 1999 to 2001. It was a near-

The mode of inheritance and allelic relationship of resistance genes in a Korean landrace, Guju and a Korean weedy rice, Geumleungaengmi 33 were studied using Korean isolate (HB9101, race K1) of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. The analysis of F₁