Background: The muscles associated with tension-type headache (TTH) are connected to the scalp fascia, which is firmly attached to the superciliary ridge of the frontal bone. However, there is a paucity of data on treatments for TTH that directly target the scalp fasciae. Objectives: We aimed to validate a new manual therapy to treat TTH by applying myofascial relaxation techniques to the scalp and to examine the changes in quality of life and headache characteristics after treatment. Design: pretest-posttest control group design study. Methods: Total 24 participants with TTH (10 males, 14 females) participated in the study. Manual therapy group (MT) received standard manual therapy and scalp myofascial release technique group (SMT) received scalp myofascial release technique twice per week for 4 weeks. Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and Headache Impact Test (HIT) for quality of life, headache frequency, duration, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for intensity were assessed at the pre- and post-treatment. Results: There was a significant improvement within groups in headache frequency (MT P<.05, SMT P<.001), duration (MT P<.05, SMT P<.01), VAS (MT P<.01, SMT P<.001), HIT (MT P<.001, SMT P<.001), and BPI (MT P<.001, SMT P<.001) between the pre- and post-treatment. Group differences were significant for headache duration (P=.027), but the others were not. MT and SMT reduced the impact of headaches on daily life. Also Headache frequency, duration, intensity, and BPI were improved. Conclusion: MT and SMT reduced the impact of headaches on daily life. Also Headache frequency, duration, intensity, and BPI were improved. It has been suggested that both MT and SMT can be used as a non-invasive treatment to treat the TTH, and to improve the quality of life.

Background: The transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TNES) is the most used non-invasive treatment method in physical therapy. As the mobile TENS (MTENS) has become popular, patients with pain have started using MTENS to reduce pain. Objectives: To evaluate pain, range of motion, and muscle strength before and after using MTNES in patients with wrist pain. Design: Quasi-experimental research. Methods: We conducted an experiment with 80 patients; 15 patients were dropped out, and 35 and 30 patients were evaluated in the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG), respectively. Before and after using MTENS for 4 weeks, patients were evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS), grip power, range of motion (ROM), and digital infrared thermography imaging (DITI). In the EG, electricity was applied for the MTENS device, while electricity was not applied in the CG. Results: A significant difference in pain reduction was observed between the EG and CG. In the EG, a significant difference in grip strength was also noticed before and after using the MTENS; patients showed significantly increased power grip and tip pinch. A significant difference was observed in pre-rest and post-test wrist ROM and DITI values. Conclusion: MTENS is an appropriate procedure for patients with wrist pain.