Since their initial development in 2012, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have gained popularity worldwide as a desired option for harnessing energy. The urgent demand for TENGs is attributed to their novel structural design, low cost, and use of large-scale materials. The output performance of a TENG depends on the surface charge density of the friction layers. Several recycled and biowaste materials have been explored as friction layers to enhance the output performance of TENGs. Natural and oceanic biomaterials have also been investigated as alternatives for improving the performance of TENG devices. Moreover, structural innovations have been made in TENGs to develop highly efficient devices. This review summarizes the recent developments in recycling and biowaste materials for TENG devices. The potential of natural and oceanic biowaste materials is also discussed. Finally, future outlooks for the structural developments in TENG devices are presented.

Abstract Purpose : To investigate the effect of the amount of astigmatism on distance and near vertical heterophoria in adults aged 20~40 years. Methods : Thirty subjects (31.25±10.21 years) were participated, and refraction was performed using I-Profilerplus and a phoropter, and horizontal heterophoria (HH) and vertical heterophoria (VH) teats were conducted at distance and near using a Torrington chart. Results : HH and VH were approximately 0.80 △ (p=0.001) and 0.20 △ (p=0.002) greater at near than at distance, respectively. Spherical refractive errors did not correlate with HH and VH at distance and near. There was no correlation between astigmatism and HH at either distance or near (p=0.141, p=0.318, respectively), but VH at distance and near was significantly correlated with astigmatism (both, p < 0.001), the amount of VH increased with increasing the amount of astigmatism. Conclusion : We found that the amount of astigmatism affected the VH at both distance and near and that the amount of VH increased with increasing astigmatism. These findings suggest that it is important to assess both astigmatism and VH in clinical practice, and that correction of astigmatism may help to reduce symptoms of VH. Key words : Astigmatism, Horizontal heterophoria, Refractive error, Vertical heterophoria

In this study, the impact load resulting from collision with the fuel rods of surrogate spent nuclear fuel (SNF) assemblies was measured during a rolling test based on an analysis of the data from surrogate SNF-loaded sea transportation tests. Unfortunately, during the sea transportation tests, excessive rolling motion occurred on the ship during the test, causing the assemblies to slip and collide with the canister. Hence, we designed and conducted a separate test to simulate rolling in sea transportation to determine whether such impact loads can occur under normal conditions of SNF transport, with the test conditions for the fuel assembly to slide within the basket experimentally determined. Rolling tests were conducted while varying the rolling angle and frequency to determine the angles and frequencies at which the assemblies experienced slippage. The test results show that slippage of SNF assemblies can occur at angles of approximately 14° or greater because of rolling motion, which can generate impact loads. However, this result exceeds the conditions under which a vessel can depart for coastal navigation, thus deviating from the normal conditions required for SNF transport. Consequently, it is not necessary to consider such loads when evaluating the integrity of SNFs under normal transportation conditions.

Abstract Purpose : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences and reliability of various methods for measuring Interpupillary Distance. Methods : The participants were 50 Cambodian adults (28.08±3.85 years old) without ocular disease and abnormal binocular vision. Far/near IPD was measured using Corneal reflection pupillometer, PD ruller and spotting, and calculated formula for fixation distance. Using each method, the pupil distance of both eyes was measured three times, respectively, and the average value was recorded. Results : The average value of the corneal reflection pupilometer in the distance was 63.08±3.42 mm, the average value of PD calculated formula was 62.97±3.41 mm, the average value of the PD ruler was 63.72±3.17 mm, and the average value of the spotting method was 63.89±3.15 mm. The average value of the corneal reflection pupilometer in the near was 59.85±3.23 mm, the average value of the calculated formula for fixation distance was 59.95±3.23 mm, the average value of PD ruler was 59.72±3.29 mm, and the average value spotting method was 59.47±3.23 mm. Comparison between various methods in the distance and near showed statistically significant differences (p<0.001). Conclusion : In the comparative analysis between each method, the corneal reflection pupillometer is considered to be the most accurate method, but since there is no significant difference from the average value of the Spotting method, the PD Ruler Viktorin method, and the calculated formula for fixation distance, whichever method is used, it is clinically acceptable. Therefore it is believed that each method is compatible with each other. Key words : Corneal reflection pupillometer, PD meter, PD ruler, Spotting

프리지아 ‘Ruby Star’는 농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 에서 보라색 홑꽃 ‘Avilla’와 흰색 반겹꽃 ‘Medeo’를 2012년 교배하여 얻은 종자로부터 2006년 향이 좋고 개화기가 빠른 적색 홑꽃 계통을 선발하여 품종으로 개발되었다. 2014년부 터 2017년까지 생육·개화 특성검정 및 육성계통평가회의 기 호도 평가를 거쳐 선발되었으며 2018년 직무육성품종심의회 를 통해 ‘Ruby Star’로 명명되어 2021년 신품종으로 등록되 었다. ‘Ruby Star’는 빨간색(RHS, R45A) 홑꽃인 절화용 프리 지아 품종으로 개화소요일수가 118.0일이며 초장이 120.5cm 로 대조품종 ‘Rapid Red’보다 약 28.7cm 더 길다. 주당 분 지수는 5.8개로 대조품종에 비해 수확량이 많고 첫번째 분지 의 길이가 32.0cm, 두께가 3.02mm로 절화 특성이 우수하 다. ‘Ruby Star’의 소화수 및 소화폭은 각각 14.8개, 6.3cm 로 소화수가 많은 중대형화이다. 절화수명은 약 8.4일이며 주 당 자구수는 3.8개, 평균 자구중은 2.9g이다. 전자코를 이용 한 PCA 분석 결과 PC1과 PC2의 설명력은 각각 97.9%, 1.8%로 전체 변이의 99.7%를 반영했으며 ‘Ruby Star’와 대 조품종 ‘Rapid Red’는 서로 다른 향기 패턴을 보였다. Radar plot 결과 총 6개의 MOS 센서에서 ‘Ruby Star’의 센서 반응 이 ‘Rapid Red’보다 강하게 나타나 ‘Ruby Star’의 향기가 더 강한 것으로 나타났다.

Background: The compression therapy, which is the standard treatment for lymphedema patients, may be difficult to implement and contraindicated to some patients depending on their health condition. Objects: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether kinesiology taping (KT) can be used effectively and safely in the management of lymphedema as an alternative treatment through systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: In February 2023, the literature was systematically collected through eight search engines with a combination of terms, ‘lymphedema’ and ‘kinesiology taping.’ We qualitatively analyzed the differences and safety of KT methods, and quantitatively meta-analyzed the effects of volume reduction in edema, range of motion (ROM), and pain improvement using Review Manager ver. 5. 4. To assess the risk of bias in the randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies, Risk of Bias was used. Results: A total of 616 articles searched and 20 studies were selected, including 12 RCTs and eight case studies. KT intervention could not replace multilayer compression bandage (MLB), but it demonstrated similar or better results compared to compression garment (CG), with reduced pain and improved intervention comfort. Studies reported skin adverse events ranging from 2.5% to 20.68%, with a total adverse event incidence of 7.7%. There was no significant difference in the application method of KT. As a result of the meta-analysis from the 8 RCTs, the KT intervention showed a mean difference (MD) of –7.18 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) [–12.64 to –1.72] in the volume change of lymphedema, while the pain difference was MD 0.82 with CI 95% [0.50 to 1.15], in comparison to the MLB and CG intervention. Conclusion: KT therapy led to a reduction in edema size, volume, pain, and improved ROM and quality of life. KT may be a viable option for lymphedema patients who have trouble applying traditional compression therapies.

Background: Although warm-ups before exercise are widely accepted, research on sex differences in improving hamstring flexibility is limited. Differences in the physical and physiological characteristics between males and females may result in different responses to warm-ups. Objects: This study aimed to examine sex differences in the effects of specific warm-up on hamstring flexibility. Methods: This study included 24 young adults with hamstring tightness. The participants performed five maximal knee extensions and flexions at 90° flexion of the hip, and the maximal knee extension angle was measured in real-time using a smartphone clinometer application. Results: The groups did not significantly affect the maximal knee extension angle but showed a significant effect for repetition (p = 0.002) and group-repetition interaction (p = 0.002). Males had no significant change in hamstring flexibility; however, females showed a significant increase in flexibility in the 5th trial compared with the 1st trial (p = 0.041). These results demonstrated sex-specific differences in flexibility improvement over time. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that specific warm-up can successfully improve hamstring flexibility in females. This may be due to various factors, such as muscle stiffness of the lower extremity, estrogen levels, and temperature sensitivity. In clinical settings, specific warm-up might be helpful for females who participate in sports or activities, such as running or jumping, which require a full range of motion in the hip and knee joints.

백합 종간 교잡종은 다양한 교배 방법에 의해 생산되어지 고 있다. 그러나 이들 종간 교잡종은 대부분 불임이다. 2n gametes는 백합에서 종간 교잡종 F1의 불임을 극복할 수 있 을 뿐 아니라 우수한 유전형질을 지닌 2n과의 교배에 이용할 수 있고 후대 다양한 유전형질을 기대할 수 있다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 가장 효과적으로 2n gametes를 생산할 수 있는 방법을 구축하기 위하여 백합 Oriental hybrids ‘Medusa’와 ‘Marco Polo’에 N2O를 처리하였다. 같은 Oriental 그룹 내 에서도 ‘Medusa’와 ‘Marco Polo’는 화뢰 크기별 감수분열 시기가 달랐다. 감수분열 tetrad 시기에 염색체를 관찰한 결 과 sequential spindles, tripolar spindles에 의해 2가지 다른 형태가 관찰되었다. ‘Medusa’에서 2atm의 N2O를 처리 한 화뢰 길이 10~15mm와 20~25mm에서 monad, dyad, triad, tetrad가 관찰되었다. 그러나 4atm에서는 tetrad 이외에는 검경 되지 않았다. ‘Marco polo’의 경우 화뢰 길 이 10~15mm, 25~30mm 시기에 2, 4atm의 N2O를 12, 24 시간 동안 처리한 구에서 모두 dyad, triad가 관찰되었다. ‘Medusa’, ‘Marco Polo’ 모두 dyad, triad, tetrad가 관찰 된 시기는 대조구에서 interphase와 metaphase Ⅰ에 해당 하는 시기이다. 화분의 모양은 타원형으로 처리 전·후 변화가 없었으며 처리 후 화분의 크기는 n 보다 큰 화분뿐 아니라 작 은 화분도 관찰되어 전체적으로 다양했다. 화분의 임성과 발 아율은 처리구별로 차이가 없었으나 평균적으로 처리 후가 무처리구보다 임성은 약 10%, 발아는 약 20% 정도 떨어졌다. ‘Medusa’와 ‘Marco Polo’를 이용하여 N2O를 처리한 것과 처리하지 않은 것을 정역 교배하였을 때 자방이 비대 되는 형 태가 2가지이었으나 처리 별 차이는 아니었다. 획득된 식물체 를 Flow cytometry로 검정한 결과, 무처리 ‘Marco Polo’와 2atm 24시간 32mm에 처리한 ‘Medusa’의 교배를 통해 하 나의 식물체에서 2배체와 3배체가 모두 나오는 mixoploid를 확인할 수 있었다. 그 외 실험을 통해 얻은 식물체 중에서 이 수체가 4개 발견되었다. 확실한 3배체를 가진 식물체는 관찰 할 수 없었다.

Background: Recently, the single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) method, which incorporates not only genomic information but also phenotypic information of pedigree, is under study. In this study, we performed a ssGBLUP analysis on a commercial Hanwoo population using phenotypic, genotypic, and pedigree data. Methods: The test population comprised Hanwoo 1,740 heads raised in four regions of Korea, while the reference population used Hanwoo 18,499 heads raised across the country and two-generation pedigree data. Analysis was performed using genotype data generated by the Hanwoo 50 K SNP beadchip. Results: The mean Genome estimated breeding values (GEBVs) estimated using the ssGBLUP methods for carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), back fat thickness (BFT), and marbling score (MS) were 7.348, 1.515, -0.355, and 0.040, respectively, while the accuracy of each trait was 0.749, 0.733, 0.769, and 0.768, respectively. When the correlation analysis between the GEBVs as a result of this study and the actual slaughter performance was confirmed, CWT, EMA, BFT, and MS were reported to be 0.519, 0.435, 0.444, and 0.543, respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the ssGBLUP method enables a more accurate evaluation because it conducts a genetic evaluation of an individual using not only genotype information but also phenotypic information of the pedigree. Individual evaluation using the ssGBLUP method is considered effective for enhancing the genetic ability of farms and enabling accurate and rapid improvements. It is considered that if more pedigree information of reference population is collected for analysis, genetic ability can be evaluated more accurately.

Revolutionary advancements, such as the reduction in DNA sequencing costs and genome editing, have transformed biotechnology, fostering progress in manipulating biomolecules, engineering cells, and computational biology. Agriculture and food production have significantly benefited from tools like high-throughput microarrays, accelerating the selection of desired traits. Genetic engineering, especially utilizing genome editing, facilitates precise alterations in plants and animals, harnessing microbiomes and fostering lab-grown meat production to alleviate environmental pressures. The emergence of new biotechnologies, notably genome editing, underscores the necessity for regulatory frameworks governing LM (living modified) organisms. Global regulations overseeing genetically engineered or genome-edited (GE) organisms, encompassing animals, exhibit considerable diversity. Nonetheless, prevailing international regulatory trends typically exclude genomeedited plants and animals, employing novel biotechnological techniques, from GMO/ LMO classification if they lack foreign genes and originate through natural mutations or traditional breeding programs. This comprehensive review scrutinizes ongoing risk and safety assessment cases, such as genome-edited beef cattle and fish in the USA and Japan. Furthermore, it investigates the limitations of existing regulations related to genome editing in Korea and evaluates newly proposed legislation, offering insights into the future trajectory of regulatory frameworks.

수국은 수국과(Hydrangeaceae) 수국속(Hydrangea)의 낙엽관목 식물로 크고 화려한 화형을 가져 절화, 분화 및 조 경수로 전세계적 인기가 있는 식물이다. 나무수국은 수국 (H. macrophylla)과 비교하여 삽목율이 낮은 것으로 알려져 있지만 나무수국의 묘목생산을 위한 삽목 연구 및 두 종간 삽목율 차이 원인 규명에 관한 연구는 미미하다. 본 연구는 IBA(Indol-3-butyric acid) 500mg·L-1 처리시 삽수의 침지 시간에 따른 삽목율 조사를 통해 적정 호르몬 처리 시간을 제 시하고 나무수국과 수국의 해부학적 구조 관찰을 통한 삽목율 차이 발생의 원인을 규명하고자 실시하였다. 나무수국의 적정 호르몬 처리 시간을 규명하기 위해 IBA 500mg·L-1을 무처 리, 30분, 2시간, 4시간 침지처리를 하였다. 종간 삽목율 차이 발생의 원인 규명을 위해 나무수국과 수국의 줄기 단면과 삽 목 후 시간 경과에 따른 발근을 해부학적으로 관찰하였다. 연 구의 결과 나무수국의 삽목시 IBA 500mg·L-1에 2시간 이상 침지처리가 다른 처리구와 비교하여 발근율이 높고 발생 뿌리 수가 가장 많았다. 또, 나무수국의 삽목율이 수국과 비교하여 낮은 것은 줄기의 세포 구조상 방사조직의 형태, 섬유세포의 밀도, 도관의 발달, 전분 함유 세포의 수 등에 차이가 관찰되 었고 이러한 세포 구조적 차이들의 영향으로 나무수국이 수국 보다 삽목 후 뿌리 조직 세포분열이 7일 늦게 시작되는 것이 확인되었다. 본 연구의 결과로 나무수국의 삽목 번식의 기초 자료로 활용되어 묘목 생산 효율 증대에 활용되길 바란다.

The primary therapeutic approach for Brucella species infections has mainly been based on antibiotic treatment. However, the development of vaccines for brucellosis control remains controversial. Furthermore, there is currently no licensed vaccine available for human brucellosis. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a combination of recombinant protein vaccines against Brucella (B.) abortus infection using a mouse model. Two B. abortus genes, namely dapB and gpm, were cloned and expressed in competent Escherichia (E.) coli DH5α using the pCold-TF vector. Successfully cloned vectors were subjected to PCR amplification using specific primer pairs. The apparent sizes of dapB and gpm were detected at 807 bp and 621 bp, respectively. Besides, the purified recombinant proteins dapB and gpm were detected using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis with correct sizes of 82.86 kDa and 87.61 kDa, respectively. These recombinant proteins were used to immunize mice as a combined subunit vaccine (CSV) to elicit host immunity against B. abortus infection. Mice immunized with CSV exhibited increased proliferation of CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells at week 7th and 9th before sacrifice, in comparison to the control group. Notably, CSV immunization showed a significant decrease in bacterial burden in the spleen compared to the control group. Altogether, CSV using dapB and gpm induced host adaptive immune response against Brucella infection, suggesting its potential as an effective new subunit vaccine candidate.

PURPOSES : There has been increasing interest in South Korea on warm-mix asphalt (WMA) and cold-mix asphalt (CMA) technologies that allow production of asphalt pavement mixtures at comparatively lower temperatures than those of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) for use in pavement engineering. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of replacing HMA pavement with WMA pavement with the goal of reducing CO2 emissions associated with asphalt production for road construction. METHODS : Changes in the dynamic modulus characteristics of WMA and HMA according to short-term and long-term aging were evaluated. In addition, the effects of water damage were evaluated for short- and long-term aging stages. RESULTS : For WMA, in the process of mixing and short-term aging, early-age dynamic modulus decreased owing to low temperature and reduced short-term aging (STA) time. This could result in early damage to the asphalt pavement depending on the applied traffic load and environmental load. CONCLUSIONS : Mastercurves of the dynamic modulus were used for comparative analysis of WMA and HMA. Compared to the dynamic modulus after STA of HMA, the estimated aging time determined by experiments for WMA to achieve the required stiffness was more than 48 hours, which is equiva-lent to approximately 4 to 5 years real service life when converted. It is considered that further studies are needed for performance optimization to achieve early-age performance of the asphalt mixes.

메타버스는 탐험, 사회적 상호 작용, 창의적 표현이 가능한 오픈 월드를 특성으로 하며, 대표적인 메타버스 플랫폼인 로블록스는 십대에게 다양한 게임을 제공하고 있다. 십대 청소년은 엔터테인먼트뿐만 아니라 커뮤 니케이션, 가상 구매, 일탈을 위해 게임에 참여한다. 이에 따라 십대 유저와 아바타 간의 관계를 연구는 계속 되었다. 본 연구는 러시아 십대 유저를 대상으로 로블록스 플레이어의 게임 동기와 아바타의 동기화 사이의 연관성을 조사한다. 본 논문을 위해 러시아 십대 청소년 133명을 대상으로 게임 동기와 아바타 동기화 부문 에 대한 20개의 문항으로 구성된 온라인 설문조사를 실시했다. 그 결과 게임 동기와 아바타 동기화 사이에 상관관계가 나타났다. 일례로 일탈을 위해 로블록스를 하는 유저는 아바타를 자신(아바타-나)과 같다고 인식 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 사회적 동기를 갖고 로블록스를 즐기는 유저는 아바타를 하나의 도구로 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 아바타를 '나'로 인식하는 것은 모든 게임 동기와 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 본 논문의 연구 결과는 아바타의 외형이 아바타 동기화와 높은 관련이 있다는 것을 보여주었다. 유저가 아바 타를 어떻게 인식하는 지를 이해하는 것은 메타버스 내에서 보다 안전하고 사용자 친화적인 온라인 환경을 조성하고 더 많은 플레이어를 끌어들이는 데 있어서 매우 중요한 요소임을 확인하였다.

The two most well-known Chinese characters dictionaries are Songben Yupian from China and Quanyun Yupian from Korea. These dictionaries contain a wealth of information on Chinese characters at the diachronic and synchronic level, while also retaining much information on Chinese characters during the period of its movement overseas. This paper is a corpus-based study which analyzes the differences in the style of arrangement, phonetic notation mode, interpretation, form interpretation, and other aspects of the two dictionaries, and further summarizes the laws of the development of Chinese characters in overseas dissemination. The result of this study indicates that the function of the two dictionaries is different, that the Chinese characters remained stable during their transmission to other countries, and that the overall trend in the evolution of the characters is toward simplification, and that the main way that Chinese characters morph extraterritorially is via phonetic and semantic replacement.

Emojis and avatars are widely used in online communications, but their emotional conveyance lacks research. This study aims to contribute to the field of emotional expression in computer-mediated communication (CMC) by exploring the effectiveness of emotion recognition, the intensity of perceived emotions, and the perceived preferences for emojis and avatars as emotional expression tools. The following were used as stimuli: 12 photographs from the Yonsei-Face database, 12 Memojis that reflected the photographs, and 6 iOS emojis. The results of this study indicate that emojis outperformed other forms of emotional expression in terms of conveying emotions, intensity, and preference. Indeed, the study findings confirm that emojis remain the dominant form of emotional signals in CMC. In contrast, the study revealed that Memojis were inadequate as an expressive emotional cue. Participants did not perceive Memojis to effectively convey emotions compared with other forms of expression, such as emojis or real human faces. This suggests room for improvement in the design and implementation of Memojis to enhance their effectiveness in accurately conveying intended emotions. Addressing the limitations of Memojis and exploring ways to optimize their emotional expressiveness necessitate further research and development in avatar design.

This article delves into the development of Japanese Chinese character variations, and how they fit into the broader study of Chinese characters. By examining the differences between early Japanese kanji and modern Japanese writing systems, as well as the varying approaches of Chinese and Japanese scholars in studying Japanese kanji, we can propose a more fitting classification and naming method better suited to studying Chinese characters. To that end, we take the Wamyō Ruiju Shō (倭名類聚抄) as an example, exhaustively sorting out the situation of variant characters in the manuscript across different eras, and referring to other ancient Chinese dictionaries from the same period. This article introduces concepts like “inherited variants” and “Japan saved variants” to make studying these characters more comprehensive.

Truck no-show behavior has posed significant disruptions to the planning and execution of port operations. By delving into the key factors that contribute to truck appointment no-shows and proactively predicting such behavior, it becomes possible to make preemptive adjustments to port operation plans, thereby enhancing overall operational efficiency. Considering the data imbalance and the impact of accuracy for each decision tree on the performance of the random forest model, a model based on the Borderline Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique and Weighted Random Forest (BSMOTE-WRF) is proposed to predict truck appointment no-shows and explore the relationship between truck appointment no-shows and factors such as weather conditions, appointment time slot, the number of truck appointments, and traffic conditions. In order to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, the experiments were conducted with the available dataset from the Tianjin Port Second Container Terminal. It is demonstrated that the prediction accuracy of BSMOTE-WRF model is improved by 4%-5% compared with logistic regression, random forest, and support vector machines. Importance ranking of factors affecting truck no-show indicate that (1) The number of truck appointments during specific time slots have the highest impact on truck no-show behavior, and the congestion coefficient has the secondhighest impact on truck no-show behavior and its influence is also significant; (2) Compared to the number of truck appointments and congestion coefficient, the impact of severe weather on truck no-show behavior is relatively low, but it still has some influence; (3) Although the impact of appointment time slots is lower than other influencing factors, the influence of specific time slots on truck no-show behavior should not be overlooked. The BSMOTE-WRF model effectively analyzes the influencing factors and predicts truck no-show behavior in appointment-based systems.

The rack cylinder is an important part of the pile leg structure of the jack up platform. Because of its complex structure, the flow field around the rack cylinder is different from that around the ordinary cylinder, which brings difficulties to the research of the rack cylinder. In this paper, using CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) solved the flow field of chords with different rack height and rack width under different KC and Re, the characteristics of the flow field around the cylinder with rack are obtained. The results show that Re, KC, rack height and rack width all have different effects on the flow field. When Re and KC are constant, Cd will increase with the increase of rack height ratio, the change of Cd and Cl is not significant, while the change of Cd and Cl varies with Re when the chord structure is fixed.

Single-atom Pd clusters anchored on t-BaTiO3 material was synthesized using hydrothermal and ultrasonic methods for the effective piezoelectric catalytic degradation of pollutants using vibration energy. XRD patterns of BaTiO3 loaded with monoatomic Pd were obtained before and after calcining, and showed typical cubic-phase BTO. TEM and HAADF-STEM images indicated single-atom Pd clusters were successfully introduced into the BaTiO3. The piezoelectric current density of the prepared Pd-BaTiO3 binary composite was significantly higher than that of the pristine BaTiO3. Under mechanical vibration, the nanomaterial exhibited a tetracycline decomposition rate of ~95 % within 7 h, which is much higher than the degradation rate of 56.7 % observed with pure BaTiO3. Many of the piezo-induced electrons escaped to the Pd-doped BaTiO3 interface because of Pd’s excellent conductivity. Single-atom Pd clusters help promote the separation of the piezo-induced electrons, thereby achieving synergistic catalysis. This work demonstrates the feasibility of combining ultrasonic technology with the piezoelectric effect and provides a promising strategy for the development of ultrasonic and piezoelectric materials.