p- 收敬有限要素法은 補間~f!{의 ìxf!{ p를 증가시키는 동안 해석하려 는 領域의 分劃올 固定시키는 有限要素해 석 의 새 로 운 접 근 방볍이다 이 논분에서 는 混合寫像함수에 기 초 한 새로 운 p-~~ p皆層要素 뜰 이용한 젤 모 델 의 컴퓨터 i훌行에 초점 올 두었다. Pinch Test 문 제와 원 통 형 헬지붕문제 를 통해 제안 된 웰 모 델 의 剛體運動， round-off 오차， 그 리 고 收飯性둥 이 검토되 었다

1) 강력한 위조독소(Wilt toxin)인 Fusaric acid를 생성하는 것으로 알려진 참깨시들음병균(Fusarium oxysporum f. vasinfectum)의 배양여액이 참깨의 종자발아 및 발아후의 유식물의 생육에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 이 시험연구에 착수하였다. 2) Fusarium oxysporum f. vasinfectum의 5종의 계통의 배양여액은 모두 참깨종자의 발아를 억제하고 종자의 흑변, 괴사를 초래한다. 3) 공시균의 어떤 계통의 배양여액에 대한 참깨종자의 발아반응에 있어서의 품종간 차이는 없다. 4) 공시균의 5종의 계통의 배양여액이 참깨종자의 발아를 억제하는 독성에는 뚜렷한 차이가 있다. 5) 공시균의 5종의 계통의 배양여액을 첨가한 육묘상에서는 발아후의 참깨유식물의 뿌리나 줄기의 신장이 다 같이 억제되며 조직은 흑변, 괴사하게 된다. 그러나 배양여액을 첨가한 육묘상에서는 줄기의 신장생장 약간 촉진되는 경향이 있다. 6) 공시균의 배양여액을 내지 첨가한 Knop Solution에 본엽이 생기지 않은 참깨 유식물을 배양하면 참깨의 뿌리나 줄기의 신장생장이 억제되고 제2본엽이 전개할 때까지에 줄기나 잎자루나 연화, 흑변, 괴사하며 제1본엽에는 맥간에 염갈색반문이 형성되고 제2본엽은 권축, 흑변, 괴사하며 특히 제2본엽에 나타나는 병상은 포장에서 나타나는 참깨의 잎의 위조병징과 흡사하다. 7) 공시균의 5종의 계통간에 나타나는 배양여액의 독성의 차이는 공시균의 각계통자체의 기생에 의한 병원성의 차이와 일치하지 않는다

한국에서 현재 사용되고 있는 홍수예보모형은 집중형 강우-유출모형을 적용하여 유역의 유출을 계산하고 하도 및 저수지 추적모형 등을 활용하여 하천의 수위를 예측한다. 집중형 모형은 유역을 동질의 배수구역으로 가정한다. 따라서 유역내의 다양한 공간적 특성을 고려하지 못한다는 단점이 있다. 또한, 사용되는 강우자료도 지점강우를 활용하기 때문에 공간적인 분포를 자세히 고려하지 못한다는 한계가 있다. 따라서 홍수예보모형에 분포형 모형을 적용하기 위한 연구가 다양하게 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 GRM모형을 한국 홍수예보시스템에 적용하기 위해 모형의 다양한 해상도에 따른 유역유출의 결과의 차이를 분석하여 최적의 해상도를 결정하고자 한다. 모형의 격자가 너무 조밀한 경우 계산시간이 과다하게 되어 홍 수예보모형에 적용하기에는 적합하지 않다. 너무 성길 경우에도 분포형 모형을 적용하여 공간적인 분포를 파악하고자 하는 목적에 맞지 않게 된다. 본 연구의 결과로 유역유출 예측의 정확성을 만족시키고 홍수예보에 적합한 계산속도가 나올 수 있는 최적 해상도를 제시하였다. 유출량 예측의 정 확도는 Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE) 값의 비교를 통해 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 도출된 최적해상도 산정 결과는 분포형 유 역유출모형을 홍수예보모형에 적용하기 위한 기초자료로 활용될 것이다.

해저지진에 의해 촉발되는 파괴적인 지진해일은 지진의 진원지 부근은 물론 멀리 떨어진 해안지역에도 피해를 입힐 수 있다. 우리나라의 동해안은 많은 인구밀집지역과 원자력발전소가 위치하고 있어 예상하지 못한 지진해일의 내습으로부터 위험에 노출되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 지진해일 현장조사, 방재대책 및 추가적으로 연구해야 할 주제 등에 대하여 기술한다.

기후변화에 따른 강우특성의 변화 등 다양한 기상이변과 극한사상에 관련된 수자원 연구는 일반적으로 전지구 기후 모델(General Circulation Model, GCM) 산출물에 기반하여 생산된 미래 기상정보를 바탕으로 이루어진다. 사회 다양한 분야에서 기후변화 영향평가가 심층적으로 이루어지고 있는 가운데 과거기간에 대한 원시 모의결과 평가를 통한 GCM의 성능과 산출물에 대한 재현성 고찰 연구는 상대적으로 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 한반도 지역에 대한 전지구 모델의 성능을 평가하기 위해 동아시아 지역의 격자단위 관측자료를 수집하여 과거기간(1970~2005)에 대한 강우특성 공간분포를 분석하고 이에 대한 GCM 산출물의 재현성을 평가하였다. 위도와 경도에 따른 강우특성의 공간적 변동성에 대한 GCM 결과의 상관성과 평균/절대오차를 산정하여 29개 CMIP5 GCM의 순위를 결정하여 제시하였다. 연구 결과 오차 통계와 대상지역에 따라 GCM 순위가 상이하게 나타났으며 특히 공간분포의 패턴과 절대적 오차를 기준으로 판단한 GCM 순위가 크게 다르게 나타났다. 대체로 Hadley Centre 계열 모델의 동아시아 지역에 대한 강우특성 재현성이 높게 나타났으며 한반도 지역만을 대상으로 평가한 경우 MPI_ESM_MR과 CMCC center 계열 모델의 재현성이 높게 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 향후 한반도 지역의 기후변화 영향평가에 가중있게 고려되어야 할 GCM의 선정과 GCM 성능고려에 따른 기후변화 예측 불확실성 평가에 적용될 수 있으며 다양한 영향 평가 연구결과의 신뢰도 제고에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

This study investigated the effect of leaf form or phenotype and light intensity on the toluene, xylene, and ethylbenzene removal of three foliage plants. Green and variegated forms of Ardisia pusilla, Scindapsus aureus, and Hedera helix plants were grown under 10 and 20 μmol･m-2･s-1 light intensities for 8 months and were tested for their volatile organic compound (VOC) removal efficiency for 15 h. In general, variegated forms of the plant species have higher VOC removal after 15 h of VOC exposure than green plants, particularly when grown in 10 μmol･m-2･s-1. This is more evident in A. pusilla and S. aureus than in H. helix. The highest rate of toluene, m-, p-, and o-xylene removal per hour by plants grown under 10 μmol･m-2･s-1 was achieved by variegated A. pusilla, while for ethylbenzene, variegated A. pusilla and variegated H. helix had the highest removal rate per hour. In plants grown in 20 μmol･m-2･s-1 light intensity, variegated and green H. helix have the highest removal rate per hour of toluene and m-, p-, and o-xylene. For ethylbenzene, variegated A. pusilla and green and variegated H. helix had the highest removal rates per hour. The plant with the lowest removal rate per hour for all five VOCs was green S. aureus grown under both light intensities. The percentage VOC removal rate of variegated over green plants was 22% higher at a lower light intensity

The appropriate soil depth for each species should be determined by taking into account the visual quality of the plant, including the growth conditions of the trees and total photosynthesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth characteristics -height, root collar diameter, dry weight- and quality index according to soil depth. Therefore this study proposed suitable plants according to container size (soil depth) when creating a container garden. The result are as follows; Pinus densiflora, Pinus parviflora and Nandina domestica have poor growth and low ornamental value at 15 cm depth. Therefore, theu will be available at a minimum depth of 20c m. Thuja occidentalis grew in 15 cm of soil depth and had a normal visual value, but it was desirable to plant 20 cm of soil depth. Ilex serrata grew at least 20 cm above depth but it was not suitable for container garden because of its low value of ornamental value. Syringa vulgaris had little difference in growth depending on soil depth. Considering the visual quality, it will be possible to plant for container gardening at a soil depth of 20 cm or more. Container gardens are an alternative to forming green spaces in places where planting is difficult in the city. Therefore, appropriate containers and plants should be selected.

본 연구에서는 낙동강에서 보운영에 의한 유사이송능력에 영향을 주는 수리학적 특성변화를 분석하고, 낙동강 주요 4개 지점(낙동, 구미, 왜관, 진동)의 유량-유사량 실측값을 분석하여, 각 지점별 지수형 유량-유사량 관계식을 유도하였다. 모든 지점에서 유사이송능은 감소할 것으로 예측되 었으며 실제로 4대강 사업 이후인 2013년도 실측결과 사업 이전에 비해 유사이송 능력이 확연히 감소된 것을 확인하였다. GUIDE 프로그램에서 제공하는 9개 범용 유사이송능 산정기법의 적용성을 검토하여 4개 지점별로 적용 가능한 기법을 선정, 제시하였다. 주요 9개 지류를 포함한 낙동강 전 구간에 대한 유사수지분석 결과 전체적으로 퇴적이 우세한 것으로 나타났다. 유사이송능 산정기법으로는 Engelund-Hansen 공식이 가장 작은 오차를 보였으며 이는 4개 지점별 유사이송능 산정기법 적용성 검토 결과와도 일치한다. 한편 유사수지분석이 내포하는 오차가 낙동강 9개 지류로 부터 유입되는 유사량 오차보다 더 작게 나타나 낙동강의 경우 지류의 유입유사량 산정기법에 대한 정밀도 향상이 시급한 과제임을 확인하였다.

Background : Rehmannia glutinosa is a perennial herb belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae. Its roots have been utilized as a traditional medicine but the aerial parts (flower, flower stalk, leaf) were not used. In this paper, we aimed to determine the content of three compounds [aucubin, catalpol, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)] in different organs of R. glutinosa. Methods and Results : The flower, flower stalk, leaf, and root of R. glutinosa were harvested in the end of August. The aucubin and catalpol were analyzed by LC/MS, whereas GABA was analyzed by GC/MS. The aucubin content was the highest in the leaf, while catalpol and GABA were the highest in the flower. The aucubin content of in the leaf was 1.43, 0.81, and 1.07 ㎎/g, respectively. The catalpol content of flower in Dakang, Tokang, and Suwon 9 was 41.06, 28.78 and 37.48 ㎎/g, respectively. The GABA content of flower in Dakang, Tokang, and Suwon 9 were 0.79, 0.76 and 0.65 ㎎/g, respectively. Conclusions : The contents of aucubin, catalpol, and GABA were higher in leaf and flower than that of root. This study provides the important information of R. glutinosa leaf and flower as a potential supplement.

Background : The Production of high quality ginseng seedling become increasingly important in the cultivation of ginseng because the quality of ginseng seedling is closely related to yield of ginseng. However, it has become difficult to produce high quality ginseng seedling due to environmental instability such as an increase in the occurrence of abnormal climate and pests, and the difficulty in obtain new place to cultivate ginseng seedling. This study was carried out to analyze the growth characteristics of ginseng seedling according to application of fermented compost during ginseng seedling cultivation Methods and Results : In order to evaluate the effect of fermented compost on the growth of ginseng seedling, fermented compost containing antagonistic microorganism was prepared and applied 300kg per 10a to planned place for ginseng cultivation. After seeding of the ginseng seeds, the growth of ginseng was analysed. The pH, EC, organic matter, P2O5 and NO3-N of the compost treated group were 6.1, 2.75 ds/m, 18.97 g/㎏, 1,202 ㎎/㎏ and 287.4 ㎎/㎏, respectively, while those of non-treated group were 6.6, 0.25 ds/m, 14.67 g/㎏, 1,055 ㎎/㎏ and 8.77 ㎎/㎏, respectively. As a result of analyzing the growth characteristics of ginseng seedling, the growth of aboveground part was not significantly different between the treated and non-treated group. The root length and root diameter were 13.0 ± 1.50 ㎝ and 5.5 ± 0.27 ㎜, respectively, which were not significantly different from non-treated group. However, root weight was 1.20 ± 0.14 g, which is 1.4 times higher than that of control. Conclusion : It was confirmed that the quality of ginseng seedling was improved by compost application. These results suggested that fermented compost could be used as a material for nutrients management in ginseng seedling cultivation.

Background : The study about cultured wild ginseng root (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) have been reported mainly ginsenosides in saponins family. However metabolites of fermented wild ginseng roots by microorganisms was not reported yet. Methods and Results : Cultured wild ginseng roots were used for fermentation of ginseng roots using Pediococcus pentosaceus and other bacterial strains. We analyzed different types of ginsenoside contents, metabolite and enzyme contents, and gene expression by using microorganisms. Results showed considerable differences in ginseonoside contents specially Rk1 and Rg5. The highest enzyme activity level was by Glutathione reductase (GR) and Glutathione S transferase (GST) in fermented ginseng roots than control (non-fermented), whereas Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and Peroxidase (POD) contents were reduced. Score plots and loading plots of principal components 1 of the PCA result obtained from the data on 43 metabolites in fermented wild ginseng root of five conditions. The concentration of metabolite such as β-alanin and 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is used to improve memory were increased in fermented ginseng roots than control. We found functional gene in wild ginseng root related with metabolic process. The APX gene expression gradually increased in fermented ginseng root with respect to fermentation times. Conclusion : In this study, accumulation of functional metabolite in cultured ginseng r

Background : The genus of Mentha contains more than 25 species and has been used as cuisines, medicines, cosmetics, oral hygiene products, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and flavor enhancing agent. Due to economical value of these species, many studies have identified and isolated the beneficial constituents such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and volatile compounds. In this study, the primary and secondary metabolites were investigated from the aerial parts of nine different Mentha species including peppermint (M. piperita), pennyroyal mint (M. pulegium), spearmint (M. spicata), horse mint (M. longifolia), water mint (M. aquatica), apple mint, pineapple mint (M. suaveolens), and chocolate mint, eau de cologne mint (M x piperita hybrids). Also, we reported the antioxidant properties using extracts of obtained plants. Methods and Results : In total, 67 metabolites were detected using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). The difference among nine Mentha spp. by principal components analysis has been investigated. Various phenoilic compounds and carotenoids were characterized quantified in Mentha plants by HPLC. Of these, rosmarinic acid was found to be rich in most of this family. In addition, the highest content of riboflavin were indicated in spearmint. Moreover, the highest antioxidant activities (88.6 % 100 μl/ml in DPPH assay, 76.2% 100 μl/ml in hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity, and 0.076 absorbance in reducing power assay) have been shown in horse mint. Conclusion : We determined the differences in accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites (phenolic compound, carotenoid, and riboflavin) among nine Mentha species. Totally, 67 primary metabolites were identified and compared the difference by principal components analysis. Besides, horse mint has the highest and strongest antioxidant activities compared to others.

Background : Tagetes species which belong to Asteraceae show different characteristics including, bloom size, shape, color, plant size, and leaf shape. The color of Tagetes flowers ranging from white to dark orange is due to accumulation of different carotenoids, pathway intermediates, and amount of the same carotenoid. Methods and Results : The carotenoids were monitored in flower extracts from six cultivars of Tagetes that include three T. erecta cultivars, Discovery Orange (DO), Inca Orange (IO), and Inca Yellow (IY), and three T. patula cultivars, including Durango Bee (DB), Durango Yellow (DY), and Safari Red (SR) using HPLC analysis. It showed considerable differences in carotenoid composition depending on cultivars and types of carotenoids. The highest concentration of violaxanthin which represents orange color in plants was showed in IO, whereas the compound was not detected in DB, and DY. Yellow-colored cultivars such as IY, DB, and DY exhibited low levels of lutein. However, others that indicate orange color, DO, IO, and SR showed high levels of lutein. Also, similar pattern was found in the zeaxanthin measurements. α-carotene was significantly accumulated in SR compared to other cultivars. The highest amount of β-carotene was found in SR, followed by IO, IY, DO, DY and DB. Similarly, the highest and lowest amount of 9-cis-β-carotene was showed in SR and DB, respectively. Interestingly, all cultivars except SR in 13-cis-β-carotene showed the same pattern with β-carotene, but no detection indicated in SR. Conclusion : In this study, we determined the differences in carotenoid yields among six Tagetes cultivars. In total, seven carotenoids that include violaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, α -carotene, β-carotene, 9-cis-β-carotene, and 13-cis-β-carotene were detected. Among them, all of the cultivars accumulated primarily lutein. In addition, contents of each carotenoid varied in these flowers depending on cultivars.

Background : Plants live in restricted spaces that are constantly exposed to various environmental stresses. Under these stressful conditions, plants lead to biosynthesize specialized metabolites to adapt to environmental stresses. Here we investigate the effects of cold on the metabolome of tartaty buckwheat, focusing the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Methods and Results : From the metabolic profiling based on the GC-TOF-MS analysis, we identified the effect of cold on forty-four metabolites, including sugars, amino acids, and organic acids. Most of sugars and sugar derivatives remain nearly unchanged or slightly decreased in the plants grown at 25 ºC, whereas sugar and sugar derivative contents of cold-treated plants significantly increased, excepting galactose. Some of amino acid and amino acid derivatives contents decrease in cold-treated plants, whereas organic acid derived from tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were increased the cold-treated plants compared with the plants grown at 25 ºC. Particularly, the contents of two anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, were significantly increased by cold treatment. Proanthocyanidins such as epicatechin and catechin were also significantly affected by cold. The expression of most flavonoid biosynthetic genes were significantly upregulated in cold-treated buckwheat seedling. Among the flavonoid biosynthetic genes, the expression of FtANS was notably upregulated in response to cold. Conclusion : By analyzing both primary metabolites and secondary metabolites of tartary buchwheat without or with cold, we showed that cold play a critical role in the modulation of the primary metabolites and flavonoid synthesis pathway in tartary buchwheat. Particularly, anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthetic pathways are strongly up-regulated in response to cold.

Background : Despite the presence of various bioactive compounds in ginseng, there is lack of study on the variations of bioactive compounds in ginseng according to the cultivation of soil and the applied fertilizer types (or amount). Therefore, this study aims to examine the variations of 37 fatty acids (FA) and 8 vitamin E (Vit-E) vitamers in 6-year-old ginseng root cultivated in different soil types with different fertilizers regimes. Methods and Results : The profiling of 37 FAs and 8 Vit-E vitamers in 6-year-old ginseng roots was measured by gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector, and then these results were statistically analyzed with chemometrics. The FA and Vit-E content in ginseng roots varied significantly with respect to soil cultivation conditions due to organic fertilizer types and amounts used. Unsaturated FA in ginseng is approximately 2.7 fold higher than the saturated FA. Linoleic, palmitic, and oleic acids were the most abundant FAs found in the ginseng roots. Also, the major Vit-E vitamer found in ginseng root is α -tocopherol. In particular, the application of rice straw compost or food waste fertilizer was increased to create nutritionally-desirable FAs and bioactive Vit-E in ginseng root. In addition, phytonutrient profiling coupled with chemometrics can be used to discriminate the cultivation conditions of ginseng. Conclusion : This preliminary study extends our understanding about the variations of FA and Vit-E in ginseng root depending on cultivation conditions. Hence, these results can be useful as basic information for reliable ginseng production containing high amounts of phytonutrients in a paddy-converted field.

Background : Tagetes species which belong to Asteraceae show different characteristics including, bloom size, shape, color, plant size, and leaf shape. The color of Tagetes flowers ranging from white to dark orange is due to accumulation of different carotenoids, pathway intermediates, and amount of the same carotenoid. Methods and Results : The carotenoids were monitored in flower extracts from six cultivars of Tagetes that include three T. erecta cultivars, Discovery Orange (DO), Inca Orange (IO), and Inca Yellow (IY), and three T. patula cultivars, including Durango Bee (DB), Durango Yellow (DY), and Safari Red (SR) using HPLC analysis. It showed considerable differences in carotenoid composition depending on cultivars and types of carotenoids. The highest concentration of violaxanthin which represents orange color in plants was showed in IO, whereas the compound was not detected in DB, and DY. Yellow-colored cultivars such as IY, DB, and DY exhibited low levels of lutein. However, others that indicate orange color, DO, IO, and SR showed high levels of lutein. Also, similar pattern was found in the zeaxanthin measurements. α-carotene was significantly accumulated in SR compared to other cultivars. The highest amount of β-carotene was found in SR, followed by IO, IY, DO, DY and DB. Similarly, the highest and lowest amount of 9-cis-β-carotene was showed in SR and DB, respectively. Interestingly, all cultivars except SR in 13-cis-β-carotene showed the same pattern with β-carotene, but no detection indicated in SR. Conclusion : In this study, we determined the differences in carotenoid yields among six Tagetes cultivars. In total, seven carotenoids that include violaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, α -carotene, β-carotene, 9-cis-β-carotene, and 13-cis-β-carotene were detected. Among them, all of the cultivars accumulated primarily lutein. In addition, contents of each carotenoid varied in these flowers depending on cultivars.

Background : The natural stable isotope ratio of common bio-elements like carbon (C), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S) varies with diverse isotope fractionation processes in nature. Therefore, measuring the variation of these stable isotope ratios in ginseng roots can be a feasible tool to discriminate the geographical origins of ginseng in Korea. Methods and Results : The 3-year-old six Korean ginseng cultivars were cultivated at the five regions in Korea, and then used for measuring the stable isotope ratios of C, N, O, and S by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). The mean C, N, O, and S stable isotope ratio values in the ginseng roots significantly differed according to the cultivation regions (p < 0.05). However, these isotope ratios in ginseng roots had relatively weak discriminative power against to the ginseng cultivars at each cultivation region. The interaction of the cultivation region and ginseng cultivar type also significantly affected to the C, N, O, and S stable isotope ratio in ginseng roots (p < 0.0001). The two-dimensional plots associated with the N stable isotope ratio can effectively separate the ginseng roots in Jinan compared to those in the other regions. The partial least squares-discriminant analysis showed more significant separation between ginseng geographical origins compared to the principal component analysis. Conclusion : Our findings improve our understanding of how the isotope composition of ginseng roots varies with respect to cultivation regions and cultivars, and suggest that the analysis of the stable isotope ratios combined with chemometrics can be used as a feasible tool to discriminate geographical origin of ginseng in Korea.

보습제는 피부과에서 가장 흔하게 사용하는 제품 중 하나로, 피부장벽을 유지시키고 피부가 촉촉하고 건강하게 보이게 하며, 영유아의 정상적인 피부발달에 매우 중요하게 작용한다. 하지만 보습제 도포가 정상 영유아의 피부에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구는 제한적이다. 이에 건강한 정상 영유아에서 일반적인 보습제 도포가 피부에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 본 연구를 진행하였다. 31명의 피부염이 동반되지 않는 건강한 6 - 36개월 연령의 영유아를 대상으로, 하루 2회 목욕 후 눈과 기저귀 착용 부위를 제외한 전신에 존슨즈 베이비 내츄럴너리싱 로션을 4주간 도포하였다. 임상적 평가는 도포 전후, 1주, 4주에 실시하였다. 매 방문시 피부수분도와 경표피수분손실도, 피부산도 및 거칠기를 측정하였으며 피부표면을 촬영하여 비교하였고 보습제 도포 후 발생한 피부 발진을 포함한 모든 부작용을 기록하였다. 보습제 도포 후 피부수분도는 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였으며, 경표피수분손실도와 거칠기는 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다. 피부산도는 약산성으로 조절되었으며, 육안적으로 피부표면은 매끄럽게 변화한 것이 관찰되었다. 임상 시험 기간 동안 부작용은 관찰되지 않았다. 본 실험을 통해 보습제 도포가 영유아의 피부에 있어 수분을 증가시키고, 피부장벽기능 증강과 약산성의 피부산도 조절 및 거칠기의 호전을 야기하며, 4주간의 보습제 도포가 미치는 영향의 정도를 확인할 수 있었다.

포름알데히드의 고농도와 저농도에 따른 식물의 생리적 반응을 보기 위하여 실험을 실시하였다. 실내식물은 관음죽, 팔손이나무, 스킨답서스를 이용하였으며, 포름알데히드는 0, 2(2.5), 10(12.3), 100(123) ppm(mg･m-3)농도로 처리하였다. 그 결과 포름알데히드 처리에 대한 잎 피해증상은 100 ppm의 고농도에서 5시간 처리 후 검은 반점으로 나타났다. 외관상 피해증상은 어린잎과 노화된 모두에서 나타났으며, 팔손이나무의 경우에는 줄기에서도 일부 나타났다. 피해 잎의 책상조직과 해면조직이 파괴되거나 변형되었다. 전체적으로 Peroxidase와 Catalase 함량은 관음죽>팔손이나무>스킨답서스 순서였으며, 처리농도가 높아질수록 함량도 대체로 증가하였다. 피해가 심한 스킨답서스의 경우 고농도 처리시에 기공이 닫히는 비율이 약 80% 가장 높았으며, Catalase 증가량도 가장 컸다. 결과적으로 100 ppm의 고농도에서 포름알데히드 흡수를 저해하기 위해 기공이 닫히거나 효소 함량의 변화가 일부 나타났으나, 저농도에서 적극적 흡수를 위한 반응은 보이지 않았다.