The Indium Tin Oxide(ITO) nano powders were prepared by spray drying and heat treatment process. The liquid solution dissolved Indium and Tin salts was first spray dried to prepare chemically homogeneous recursor powders at the optimum spray drying conditions. Subsequently, the precursor powders were subjected to eat treatment process. The nano size ITO powders was synthesized from the previous precursor powders and the npuities also were decreased with increasing heat treatment temperature. Furthermore, the lattice parameter of TO nano powders was increased by doping Tin into Indium with increasing heat treatment temperature. The par icle size of the resultant ITO powders was about 20∼50nm and chemical composition was composed of In:Sn =86:10 wt.％ at 80.

Ultrafine TaC-5%Co composite powders were synthesized by spray conversion process using tantalum oxalate solution and cobalt nitrate hexahydrate(Co( . 6). The phase of Ta-Co oxide powders had amorphous structures after calcination below 50 and changed , and phase by heating above . The calcined Ta-Co oxide powders were spherical agglomerates consisted of ultrafine primary particles <50 nm in size. By carbothermal reaction, the TaC phase began to form from 90. The complete formation of TaC could be achieved at 105 for 6 hours. The observed size of TaC-Co composite powders by TEM was smaller than 200 nm.

In this study, the WC-10 wt.%Co nanopowders doped by grain growth inhibiter were produced by three different methods based on the spray conversion process. Agglomerated powders with homeogenous distribution of alloying elements and with internal particles of about 100-200 nm in diameter were synthesized. The microstructural changes and sintering behavior of hardmetal compacts were compared with doping method and sintering conditions. The microstructure of hardmetals was very sensitive to doping methods of inhibitor. Nanostructured WC-Co hardmetal powder compacts containing TaC/VC doped by chemical method instead of ball-milling shown superior sintering densification, and the microstructure maintained ultrafine scale with rounded WC particles.

A new approach to produce nanostructured WC/Co composite powders by a mechanochemical process was made to improve the mechanical properties of advanced hardmetals. Homogeneous spherical W-Co salt powders were made by spray drying of aqueous solution from ammonium metatungstate(,AMT) and cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO).6). spray dried W-Co salt powders were calcined for 1 hr at in atmosphere of air. The oxide powder was mixed with carbon black by ball milling and this mixture was heated with various temperatures and times in . The composite oxide powders were obtained by calcinations at . The primary particle size of W/Co composite oxide powders by SEM was 100 nm. The reduction/carburization time decreased with increasing temperatures and carbon additions. The average size of WC particle carburized at by TEM was smaller than 50 nm.

In the present study, equiatomic porous TiNi shape-memory alloys have been successfully prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) using elemental titanium and nickel powders. The porous TiNi alloys thus obtained have an open porous structure with about 64 vol.% porosity, and the pore size is about 1.8 mm. The effect of preheating temperature on the microstructure have been investigated. It is found that the pore size increases with increasing preheating temperature. Moreover, the preheating temperature was shown to have a significant effect on the microstructrue of the SHS-synthesized porous TiNi shape memory alloys.