Purpose: This study aimed to explore advanced response policies and psychological and emotional support measures for early infected people in the event of an infectious disease by analyzing the experiences of self-employed women who experienced confirmation in the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Data were collected through in-depth interviews with six experiences of self-employed women confirmed with COVID-19 in the early stages of the pandemic selected through the intentional sampling process, and then analyzed and interpreted through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: Through analyzing the meaningful statement of the study participants, several themes were identified, including “The pressure of dying from an incurable illness”, “The fear of quarantine and the fear of death”, “The difficulty of being a self-employed woman”, “The pain of social stigma”, “The driving force of one’s overcoming”, and “Expansion of perspective due to new experiences”. Conclusion: The study found that participants experienced anxiety and fear during the transfer process and admission to the facility after confirmation, due to the lack of guidance and face-to-face interactions. The non-face-to-face treatment increased their anxiety, as they could not receive accurate information about their health conditions and care. This highlights the impact of inaccurate information regarding COVID-19 and media reports focusing on severely ill patients and deaths. In addition, the study participants experienced social stigma caused by COVID-19, resulting in changes in their interpersonal relationships and life attitudes. Implications are suggested based on the results of this study.

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the core concept of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) psychotherapy through the experience of psychotherapists by presenting an in-depth analysis of the formation and change process of their irrational beliefs. Methods: Data were collected through in-depth interviews with four REBT counselors selected through an intentional sampling process, and then analyzed and interpreted through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: After an in-depth analysis of the meaningful statements of the study participants, six themes and fifteen sub-themes were extracted. The six themes were ‘self-hindering thoughts’, ‘environments that amplify irrational beliefs’, ‘war and struggle for the self’, ‘realization of life strategies’, ‘my big self (I) that consists of countless smaller selves (i)’, and ‘life is a continuous self-therapy’. Conclusion: The results showed that REBT psychotherapists form their irrational beliefs through the overall evaluations of justification, exaggeration, and people that arise from important interactions with others, including their parents, and further reinforce these beliefs through internal and external compensation. These irrational beliefs led to evaluative judgment and self-discrepancy and negatively influenced the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects as well as their presence. These irrational beliefs internalized and transformed the rational beliefs that were confirmed through a debate on the separation between problems and people and, distancing, repeated self-talks, expanded from self-acceptance to others, and persisted through self-treatment methods

베리류의 주요 해충인 벗초파리(Drosophila suzukii)는 주로 냄새감각을 이용하여 기주식물을 찾아 과실에 산란하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 벗초파리의 안테나에는 수많은 냄새감각기(olfactory sensilla)들이 존재하며, 이들 냄새감각기들이 벗초파리의 기주탐색에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 판단된다. 곤충의 안테나에 존재하는 냄새감각세포들의 반응을 측정하는 GC-EAD(gas chromatography–electroantennographic detection) 기술을 사용하여 체리, 딸기, 블루베리 등에서 포집한 추출물로부터 벗초파리에 냄새활성을 나타내는 물질들을 동정하였다. 이 연구를 통하여 2-pentanol, propyl acetate, 2-ethylhexanal을 포함한 18 여개 물질들이 벗초파리의 냄새감각기에 큰 활성을 보이는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과는 유인제 등 벗초파리의 방제에 친환경적으로 사용될 수 있는 신호화학물질(semiochemical)의 개발에 유용한 정보가 될 것으로 사료된다

각종 베리류 과실에 피해를 주는 벗초파리(Drosophila suzukii)에 있는 냄새감각기(Olfactory sensilla)들의 종류와 분포를 알아보기 위해 암, 수컷의 촉각(Antenna)과 작은턱수염(Maxillary Palpi)을 주사전자현미경(Scanning Electron Microscope)으로 관찰하였다. 직경 20–50nm의 작은 구멍(Pore)들이 표면에 존재하는 감각기(Sensilla)들을 냄새감각기 로 구분했을 때, 벗초파리의 촉각과 작은턱수염에 분포하는 많은 감각기들은 대부분이 냄새감각기로 판단되었다. 이들 냄새감각기들은 표면미세구조가 다른 귀모양감각기(Sensilla auricillica), 털감각기(Sensilla trichodea) 및 추상감각 기(Sensilla basiconica)가 대부분을 차지했으며, 감각기 종류와 분포양상은 촉각과 작은턱수염 사이에 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내어 벗초파리의 촉각과 작은턱수염은 서로 다른 냄새감각기능을 가질 것으로 생각되었다. 본 연구 결과는 벗초파리의 냄새통신을 이해하고 유인제를 개발하는데 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 사료된다.

본 시험은 산양유 생산을 위해 유기사료를 이용하여 유산양의 적정 에너지 및 단백질 공급 수준과 조농비율을 결정하기 위하여 비유중기 Saanen종 유산양 4두( BW)를 이용하여 라틴방각법으로 실시하였다. 대사에너지 공급수준과 단백질 공급수준을 10.59 (T1), 10.14 (T2), 9.45 (T3) 및 8.75 (T4) MJ/kg과 11.90 (T1), 12.73 (T2), 15.19 (T3) 및 16.60% (T4)로 달리하였으며, 조농비율은 49

본 시험은 산양유 생산을 위해 유가사료를 이용하여 유산양의 적정 에너지 및 단백질 공급 수준과 조농비율을 결정하기 위하여 비유중기 Saanen종 유산양 4두(57.5土10.8 kg BW)를 이용하여 4x4 라틴방각법으로 실시하였다. 대사에너지 공급수준과 단백질 공급수준을 10.59 (T1), 10.14 (T2), 9.45 (T3) 및 8.75 (T4) MJ/kg과 11.90 (T1), 12.73 (T2), 15.19 (T3) 및 16.60% (T4)로 달리하였으며, 조농비율은 49:51 (T1), 59:41 (T2), 74:26 (T3) 및 90:10 (T4)의 네 처리구로 나누었다. 사료 섭취량 및 체중은 모든 처리구 사이의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 유량은 T3구에서 가장 높았으며, T2 및 T4구와 비교 하여 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 유지방 함량과 생산량은 T4구에서 다른 처리구와 비교하여 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 유단백질과 유당 생산량은 T1 (61.29 및 70.95 g/일)과 T3 (60.52 및 75.82 g/일)구에서 T2 (50.49 및 59.64 g/일)와 T4 (52.49 빛 59.82 g/얼)구와 비교하여 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 결과적으로 유산양의 유생산성을 극대화시커기 위해서 에너지 공급수준은 최소 9 MJ/kg 이상과 단백질 공급수준은 최소 15% 이상을 공급해 주어야할 것으로 기대된다.

Community facilities in most rural villages have many problems in the aspect of their size or functions as well as they are generally too superannuated to support diverse community activities; which results in a low degree of inhabitants' satisfaction with community facilities, and inconvenience for using them. Therefore, it may carefully be said that it's time to need the established studies that are necessary with consider to community facilities which can reflect inhabitants' diverse activities. In this study, 5 places which the most common events among the major monthly events of total 25 rural villages were held were selected as the subject place for survey; and then investigated, by means of the participant observation method, the using behavior of inhabitants who used community facilities. Focusing on size, factors, and layout that were being faced by community facilities in most rural villages, This study investigated the number of users, the characteristics of traffic line and behavior, and the using behavior by group; through considering their correlation with the physical setting of community space, it deduced the problems of use; and it proposed the direction of improvement on the basis thereof. Therefore, this study will serve in the future as useful basic materials for designing a rural village's community facilities in consideration of size, factors and layout which can appropriately support inhabitants' community activities.