The work of hairdressers includes washing, coloring, bleaching, permanent waving, conditioning, and cutting scalp hair. Hairdressers are subjected to a number of physical and toxicological hazards. The toxicological hazards are those resulting from exposure to a wide range of chemicals and from chemicals are usually classified active processes. In this study, twenty beauty shops were selected to assess the exposure to indoor air pollutants such as VOCs and particulate matter (PM10) during one month from September 1 to September 30, 2003. Indoor air quality of beauty shops might be worse by vehicle emissions because the beauty shops were generally located near roadway. Personal exposures to VOCs and PM10 were related to indoor concentrations of beauty shops, respectively. According to questionnaire, hairdressers responded sore throat, eye irritation, and nervousness as health effect symptoms. Conclusively, users as well as workers in beauty shop might be highly exposed to air pollutants from indoor sources and outdoor sources. Therefore, proper methods should be prepared to improve the indoor air quality in beauty shop.

시멘트 산업은 탄소배출 감축을 위한 주요 산업분야로 고려되고 있으며, 콘크리트 분야에서 시멘트 사용량 저감을 위한 노력이 진행되고 있다. 이에 대한 노력의 일환으로 시멘트의 일부를 대체하여 사용할 수 있는 산업부산물을 다량으로 활용하기 위한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 산업부산물을 사용한 콘크리트는 내구성, 친환경성 및 경제성 등의 장점을 가지고 있으나, 응결시간 지연, 초기강도 저하 등의 문제점이 있다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 시멘트의 사용량을 줄이고 산업부산물인 플라이애시를 치환하여 사용하면서도 초기강도가 저하되는 문제점을 해결하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 이에 따라, 먼저 고분말도 시멘트 사용에 의한 수화반응 촉진으로 양생온도에 관계없이 모든 재령에서 강도가 증진되는 것을 확인하였다. 이어서 고분말도 시멘트에 플라이애시를 치환하여 강도발현 특성을 검토한 결과, 초기 재령에서도 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트와 비교하여 동등 이상의 강도 발현이 가능하였다. 또한, 플라이애시를 30%까지 치환하여도 수직․수평부재 거푸집 해체 시기를 단축할 수 있는 것을 확인하였다.

The purpose of this study is to corroborate hydration and porosity of cement paste by the low water-cement ratio specimen. The test results show that calcium hydroxide was increased as the moisture was supplied from the outside and the porosity was lowered with a rapid manner.

In this study, hydration heat, autogenous shrinkage and compressive strength of the specimens has been verified with moisture supply on the hardened cement paste depending upon the difference in moisture condition of the fine aggregates. The result showed that, autogenous shrinkage was significantly reduced and also the compressive strength was improved due to the continuous moisture supply regarding on fine aggregates.