Guarino Guarini(1624-1683) is one of great Baroque architects who developed new spatial concept in architecture. He refused to static space typically appeared in Renaissance architecture. Instead, to make it possible to generate complicate form and moving space, he made use of generative diagram. It provide him with an abstract machine to generate automatically architectural inferiority. His generative diagram consists of three types: single circle diagram, matrix diagram and longitudinal diagram. The first diagram uses single circle as primary generator and develop this by means of overlap and equiangular division. La Cappella della Santissima Sindone, Sanctuary of Chiesa di Oropa, Chiesa dei Padri Somaschi, San Gaetano are designed according to this diagram. The generator of the second diagram is nine circles in $3{\times}3$ matrix, which provide the base for the interpenetration of space in Guarini's architecture. He inspired this diagram from Kepler's $\ulcorner$Harmonices mundi$\lrcorner$. The Churches of San Lorenzo, Ste-Anne-la-Royale, San Filippo Neri, San Gaetano are generated by this diagram. The third diagram has several circles in Lantin-cross plan. Guarini adopted this diagram because he had chances to design several churches in Northern Europe. The churches of Santa Maria di Ettinga, Immacolata Concezione, San Maria della Divina Providenza, Church without Name, San Filippo Neri are representative examples for this diagram.

This study aims at clarifying the spatial generative process of Borromini's architecture. The close examination of his sketches and the analysis of his major four works such as San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane (1634-1667), Sant'Ivo della Sapienza (1642-1660), Santa Maria dei Sette Dolori, Chapel (1643-1646), Collegio di Propaganda Fide, Chapel (1652-1667) show common features in the generation of space as follow. 1) The spatial generative process of Borromini's architecture is dominated by the plan of main space which is formulated from simple geometric elements into complexly folded space by mean of union, addition, copy and warping. 2) Borromini made various kinds of annexed space around the main space to create long and continuous circulation. 3) Borromini's architecture has a tendency to divide interior elevation into two parts, wall part and roof part by thick entablature. Moreover the entablature play important role to copy the figure of the plan of main space three-dimensionally. 4) Borromini tried to create the sense of depth through perspectival distortion and multi-focal space through the ceiling pattern.

Silver bromide particles from 50 to 200a in diameter are prepared by mixing two microemulsions contaning the precursor salts AgNO3 and KBr. The microemulsions are composed of AOT(bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate), n-heptane and water. The particle diameters are measured on photomicrographs obtained by transmission electron microscopy. The size of the particles is generally larger than that of the water cores. The influence of both the concentration of precursor salts in the water cores of the microemulsoin and the size of these water cores on the size of the particles has been studied.

Zinc complexes with bis[2-(o-hydroxyphenyl) naphtol [1,2] oxazolato ligands (ZnPBO-4) and its derivatives (ZnPBO-S) were synthesized, and luminescent properties of these materials were investigated. Both the fluorescent emission band and electroluminescent emission band were discussed based on their ligand structure differences. The emission band found that it strongly depends on the molecular structure of introduced ligand. It was tuned from 446 nm to 491 nm by changing the ligand structures. Spreading of the π-conjugation in 2-(o-hydroxyphenyl) group gives rise to a blue shift. The EL properties also showed good consistency with their differences of ligand structure. Bright-blue EL emission with a maximum luminance of 3,100 cd/m2 at 12V, current density, 575 mA/m2 was obtained from the organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using ZnPBO-4 as emitting layer. It was also found that the newly synthesized materials were suitable to be used as emitting materials in organic EL device.

Microemulsion is stable to aggregation, sedimentation, fusion and has 3nm~200nm of particle size which is transparent and semitransparent. The isoflavone as a derivatives of Flavone is colorless crystalline compounds. It has similar basic structure to steroid materials which is hormone that acts to skin physiological phenomenon. On this study, we tried to search and demonstrate system content rate of dermal translocation system for cosmetics using O/W type microemulsion containing isoflavone. We manufactured O/W microemulsions by phase inversion emulsification method. It's was found that POE(20) monostearate with HLB value 14 caused microemulsion to be formed, which had 4nm~18nm of average diameter and 3nm~33nm of particle size distribution. Apparent viscosities of the microemulsions have increased in proportion to add surfactant dose.

Zinc complexes with Bis[2-(o-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazolato ligands (ZnPBS-0) and Bis[2- (o-hydroxynaphthyl) benzothiazolato ligands (ZnPBS-05) were synthesized, and luminescent properties of these materials were investigated. The emission band found that it strongly depends on the molecular structure of introduced ligand and was tuned from 525 nm to 535 nm by changing the ligand structures. Spreading of the π-conjugation in 2-(o-hydroxyphenyl) group gives rise to a blue shift. On the other hand, spreading of the π-conjugation in benzothiazole groups leads to a red shift. The EL properties also showed good consistency with their differences of ligand structure. Bright-blue EL emission with a maximum luminance of 8300 cd/m2 at 11V was obtained from the organic light - emitting diodes (OLEDs) using ZnPBS-0 as emitting layer. It was also found that the newly synthesized materials were suitable to be used as emitting materials in organic EL device.

Surface tension as a function of concentration and temperature was measured for aquous solution of sodium N-acyl sarcosinate, RCON(CH3)CH2 COONa, From the intersection points in the (γ-logC) curves, the critical micelle concentration (cmc) was determined at 20, 30, 40, and 50℃. Structural effects on the cmc maximum and the minimum area per molecule at the aquous solution/air interface were discussed. The free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of micellization and adsorption of surfactant solution also were investigated. Numberous investigators have dealt with sodium N-acyl sarcosinates and their applications as wettings, flooding and reducing agents and as corrosion inhibitors.

New electroluminescent materials base on anthracene chromophore, [9.10-bis(α-naph -thylethenyl) anthracene (α-BNA)] were newly synthesized. The anthracene derivatives with bulky substituent possessed high melting point and they gave stable amorphous films through vacuum - sublimation methods. Three types of electroluminescent devices were fabricated with double layer and triple layer structure : ITO/TPD/emission layer/MgAg, ITO/emission layer/ OXD-7 and ITO/ TPD/ emission layer/OXD-7/MgAg, respectively. In three types of devices with the emissive layer of α-BNA, efficient orange electroluminescence was observed. In the triple layer device whit a emitting layer of 20 nm thickness , maximum luminance was about 10000 cd/ m2 at an applied voltage of 10v and maximum external quantum efficiency was 1.0%.

Amphoteric surfactants were synthesized by the cyclization of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-undecyl-2-imidazoline [I] with acrylic acid ethyl ester. Compound [I] was easily hydrolyzed with water, especially in the presence of a alkali, to afford amidoamines. After [I] was hydrolyzed, the reaction mixture was allowed to react with acrylic acid ethyl ester and then soapoinfied. Only sodium salts of N- -(2-carboxyethyl)-N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminoethyl]dodecanoyl amide[III] was obtained. However, when the reacton of [I] with acrylic acid ethyl ester was carried out in the presence of water, followed by soapnification, ring cleavage of [I] occurred at 2, 3 position, different from hydrolysis of [I] where the cleavage occurred at 1, 2 position, to give sodium salts of N-[N'-(2-carboxyethyl)aminoethyl]-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecanoyl amide [IV] and N-[N', N'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)aminoethyl]-N(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecanoyl amide [V] as main products.

1, 2-Isopropylidene glycerol produced by ketalyzation of glycerol with aceton was esterified with long chain fatty acids in the presence of a Mucor miehei lipase to obtain 1, 2-isopropylidene 3-long chain acyl glycerol. To determine optimal conditions for the esterification reaction, esterification was proceeded as a reversible second-order reaction in various parameters that are enzyme<SUB>strate ratio 0.096g</SUB>g at reaction temperatures ranged from 25℃ to 70℃. The order of reaction rate of fatty acids were lauric acid, myristic acid, oleic acid, and stearic acid. The range of their activation energies were from 7.8 to 11.4 (kcal/mol) and that of entropies of activation which have negative values were from 42.8 to 52.5(e.u.).

The electrochemical oxidation of p-methoxyphenol and hydroquinone for wastewater treatment application was investigated on platinum anode. At the cyclic voltammetry, it was observed that nagative shift of peak potential of p-methoxyphenol and hydroqinone as the pH of electrolytes increases and the peak current showed higher at strong electrolytes than weak electrolytes. In the case of p-methoxyphenol, the optimum electrode potential of controlled potential electrolysis was observed at the potential region of 0.8-1.0 (V vs. SCE) and hydroquinone was showed at the potential of l.0(V vs. SCE). Specially the oxidation rate of p-methoxyphenol and hydroquinone was showed high value in the acid electrolytes.

Hazadous properties were evaluated for Alkyl nitrates such as hexyl nitrate, decyl nitrate, dodecyl nitrate and 2-methyl pentyl nitrate, 2-hexyl ethyl nitrate. The thermochemical properties such as heat of vaporization, boiling point, flash point and kinetic parameter for aliphatic nitrate were measured to determine the hazadous properties of these compounds. The boiling points and heat of vaporization increase as the increase of alkyl chain length in alkyl nitrates. Flash point is a linear function of boiling point as same as alkanes. The rate equation in isothermal decomposition are 1/2 order and compensation effect is found between logarithm of frequency factor the activation energy, then the decomposition preceeds with simlar reaction mechanism for each nitrate.

The electrochemical oxidation behavior of p-cresol on platinum anode had been investigated by cyclic voltammetric method for the variation of concentration, scan rate of potential, temperature and pH of electrolyte. The oxidation potential of p-cresol was dependent on the electrolyte until the pH=11.5, but in basic solution over its, it was held at o.40V(vs. SCE). A diffusion was rate determining step of oxidation as irreversible reaction by the transfer atone electron. The current of peak was proportional to concentration of p-cresol until the 0.1N and optimum concentration was found to be about 0.1N. The activation energy was calculated for 5.8kcal/mol from the plot of log Il vs. 1/T.